| Established: | 1948 (in the Constitution) 1955 (effective) |
| Jurisdiction: | Italy |
| Location: | Rome, Italy |
| Type: | Elected/appointed in equal portions by Italian Parliament, President of the Italian Republic, and highest Italian courts |
| Authority: | Constitution of Italy |
| Terms: | 9 years (not renewable) |
| Positions: | 15 |
| Website: | Official website |
| Chiefjudgetitle: | President of the Court |
| Chiefjudgename: | Augusto Barbera |
| Termstart: | 12 December 2023 |
The Constitutional Court of the Italian Republic (Italian: Corte costituzionale della Repubblica Italiana) is the highest court of Italy in matters of constitutional law. Sometimes, the name Consulta is used as a metonym for it, because its sessions are held in Palazzo della Consulta in Rome.
The court is a post-World War II innovation, established by the republican Constitution of Italy in 1948, but it became operative only in 1955 after the enactment of the Constitutional Law n. 1 of 1953 and the Law n. 87 of 1953.[1] It held its first hearing in 1956.
According to Article 134[2] of the Italian Constitution, the Court shall pass judgement on:
Additionally, a handful of constitutional laws were promulgated to regulate the powers and functionality of the Court during the years. The most important being constitutional law n. 1/1953, which, among other things, extends the power of reviewing and approving referendum's requests to the Court. (Art. 2)
The constitutional Court passes on the constitutionality of laws with no right of appeal.
Since 12 October 2007, when reform of the Italian intelligence agencies approved in August 2007 came into force, the pretext of state secret cannot be used to deny access to documents by the Court.
The Constitutional Court is composed of 15 judges for the term of service of nine years: 5 appointed by the President, 5 elected by the Parliament of Italy[3] and 5 elected by the ordinary and administrative supreme courts. Of those elected by the supreme courts, 3 are elected by the Supreme Court of Cassation (penal and civil justice), one is elected by the Court of Auditors, and one by the Council of State (supreme administrative court). Candidates need to be either lawyers with twenty years or more experience, full professors of law, or (even former) judges of the Supreme Administrative, Civil and Criminal tribunals.[4] The members then elect the President of the Court. The President is elected from among its members in a secret ballot, by an absolute majority (8 votes in the case of a full court). If no person gets a majority, a runoff election between the two judges with the most votes occurs. The President of the Court appoints one or more vice-presidents to stand in for him in the event of his absence for any reason.
| Portrait | Name | Profession | Appointed by | Appointed on | Date sworn in | End of term | Type of membership |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Augusto Barbera (1938–) | University professor | Parliament | 16 December 2015 | 21 December 2015 | 21 December 2024 | President | |
| Franco Modugno (1938–) | University professor | Parliament | 16 December 2015 | 21 December 2015 | 21 December 2024 | Vice president | |
| Giulio Prosperetti (1946–) | University professor, lawyer | Parliament | 16 December 2015 | 21 December 2015 | 21 December 2024 | Vice president | |
| Giovanni Amoroso (1949–) | Magistrate | Courts | 26 October 2017 | 13 November 2017 | 13 November 2026 | Vice president | |
| Francesco Viganò (1966–) | University professor, lawyer | President | 24 February 2018 | 8 March 2018 | 8 March 2027 | Judge | |
| Luca Antonini (1963–) | University professor, lawyer | Parliament | 19 July 2018 | 26 July 2018 | 26 July 2027 | Judge | |
| Stefano Petitti (1953–) | Magistrate | Courts | 28 November 2019 | 10 December 2019 | 10 December 2028 | Judge | |
| Angelo Buscema (1952–) | Magistrate | Courts | 12 July 2020 | 15 September 2020 | 15 September 2029 | Judge | |
| Emanuela Navarretta (1966–) | University professor | President | 9 September 2020 | 15 September 2020 | 15 September 2029 | Judge | |
| Maria Rosaria San Giorgio (1952–) | Magistrate | Courts | 16 December 2020 | 17 December 2020 | 17 December 2029 | Judge | |
| Filippo Patroni Griffi (1955–) | Magistrate | Courts | 15 December 2021 | 29 January 2022 | 29 January 2031 | Judge | |
| Marco D'Alberti (1948–) | University professor | President | 15 September 2022 | 20 September 2022 | 20 September 2031 | Judge | |
| Giovanni Pitruzzella (1959–) | University professor, lawyer | President | 10 November 2023 | 14 November 2023 | 14 November 2032 | Judge | |
| Antonella Sciarrone Alibrandi (1965–) | University professor | President | 10 November 2023 | 14 November 2023 | 14 November 2032 | Judge | |