Legislative constituencies are used in Russia to elect half of the seats (225) in the State Duma. Each Federal Subject gets a certain amount of constituencies, proportional to their population, with every Federal Subject getting at least one. Every constituency is a single-mandate one, meaning each constituency sends one representative (also known as a Deputy) to the State Duma.
Constituencies are created and their boundaries drawn by the Central Election Commission. According to Federal Law, the layout of constituencies are to be used for 10 years. Using these current constituencies, elections were held to the State Duma in 2016 and 2021.
Below is the list of Constituencies of Russia, organised by federal subject.
Gerrymandering is the process of drawing the boundaries of electoral districts to favor a certain political force.[2] In Russia, this comes through the "Lepestkovy" (Russian: лепестковый) drawing of constituencies.[3] These "Lepestkovy" drawing usually involves major cities and/or regional capitals being split up between multiple constituencies. This is done to split up urban voters (who tend to be more liberal) and pair them up with a bigger rural population. This is present in many of Russia's constituencies.
Constituencies are created and their boundaries drawn by the Central Election Commission. According to Federal Law, the layout of constituencies are to be used for 10 years.
The 2015-2025 layout was created on the basis that there are 109,902,583 voters in all of Russia.
The number of constituencies a Federal Subject is entitled to is determined using the Hare Quota. By dividing the total number of voters in Russia (109,902,583) by 225 (the total amount of Deputies, elected through single-mandate constituencies), you get 488,455.924, the desired average number of voters in a constituency, also known as the "Government Norm" (GN). The next step is to divide the number of voters in a Federal Subject by the GN, and then rounding down to the lowest whole number. If the remainder is sizeable, then the Federal Subject receives an additional constituency. Table with examples below.
| Karelia | 540,436 | 1.106 | 1 | 0.106 | 0 | 1 | |
| Tomsk Oblast | 767,847 | 1.572 | 1 | 0.572 | 1 | 2 | |
| Dagestan | 1,626,829 | 3.331 | 3 | 0.331 | 0 | 3 | |
| Altai Krai | 1,899,225 | 3.888 | 3 | 0.888 | 1 | 4 | |
| Chelyabinsk Oblast | 2,715,204 | 5.559 | 5 | 0.559 | 0 | 5 | |
| Moscow | 7,318,019 | 14.982 | 14 | 0.982 | 1 | 15 |
Detailed Results of the 2016 Russian legislative Election by constituency.
| Constituency Vote | |||||
| Votes | % | Seats | |||
| United Russia | 25,162,770 | 50.12 | 203 | ||
| Communist Party of the Russian Federation | 6,492,145 | 12.93 | 7 | ||
| A Just Russia | 5,017,645 | 10.00 | 7 | ||
| Liberal Democratic Party of Russia | 5,064,794 | 10.09 | 5 | ||
| Rodina | 1,241,642 | 2.47 | 1 | ||
| Independent | 429,051 | 0.85 | 1 | ||
| Civic Platform | 364,100 | 0.73 | 1 | ||
| Communists of Russia | 1,847,824 | 3.68 | 0 | ||
| Yabloko | 1,323,793 | 2.64 | 0 | ||
| Party of Growth | 1,171,259 | 2.33 | 0 | ||
| The Greens | 770,076 | 1.53 | 0 | ||
| Patriots of Russia | 704,197 | 1.40 | 0 | ||
| People's Freedom Party | 530,862 | 1.06 | 0 | ||
| Civilian Power | 79,922 | 0.16 | 0 | ||
| Invalid/blank votes | 1,767,725 | – | – | ||
| Total | 51,967,805 (47.88%) | 100 | 225 | ||
| Registered voters | 109,636,794 (100%) | – | – | ||
| Source: Central Election Commission | |||||
Results of the 2021 Russian legislative election by constituency.
| Constituency Vote | |||||
| Votes | % | Seats | |||
| United Russia | 25,201,048 | 45.86 | 198 | ||
| Communist Party of the Russian Federation | 8,984,506 | 16.35 | 9 | ||
| A Just Russia — For Truth | 4,882,518 | 8.78 | 8 | ||
| Independents | 646,950 | 1.18 | 5 | ||
| Liberal Democratic Party of Russia | 3,234,113 | 5.89 | 2 | ||
| Rodina | 829,303 | 1.51 | 1 | ||
| Party of Growth | 515,020 | 0.94 | 1 | ||
| Civic Platform | 386,663 | 0.70 | 1 | ||
| New People | 2,684,082 | 4.88 | 0 | ||
| Russian Party of Pensioners for Social Justice | 1,969,986 | 3.58 | 0 | ||
| Communists of Russia | 1,639,774 | 2.98 | 0 | ||
| Yabloko | 1,091,837 | 1.99 | 0 | ||
| The Greens | 541,289 | 0.98 | 0 | ||
| Russian Party of Freedom and Justice | 372,867 | 0.68 | 0 | ||
| Green Alternative | 120,137 | 0.22 | 0 | ||
| Invalid/blank votes | 1,913,578 | 3.48 | – | ||
| Total | 55,013,671(50.83%) | 100 | 225 | ||
| Registered voters | 108,231,085 (100%) | ||||
| Source: Central Election Commission | |||||