Conly Rieder Explained

Conly Leroy Rieder is a cancer researcher in the field of mitotic cellular division. His research was funded by the National Institute of Health grants spanning the period from 1980 and 2011. The research was conducted at the Wadsworth Center, part of the New York State Department of Health in Albany, New York.[1] The scope of his research included understanding cell division processes and cancer pathology.

Publications

Rieder has published findings regarding:

Professional life

Education and early career

During his childhood, Rieder spent summers surfing in Southern California and fishing on Flathead Lake in Montana, experiences that later sparked his interest in nature. When he enrolled at the University of California, Irvine, as an undergraduate, he initially intended to study forestry but ultimately graduated with a bachelor's degree in biology in 1972.[7] He then pursued graduate studies at the University of Oregon under the guidance of Dr. Andrew Bajer, earning an M.S. in 1975 and a Ph.D. in 1977.[8] Following this, he pursued post-doctoral studies under Dr. Hans Ris at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, focusing on high-power electron microscopy.

Work at the Wadsworth Center

In 1980, Rieder joined the New York State Department of Health and attained tenure within three years. He has authored over a hundred peer-reviewed research papers on cell division and has contributed to and edited various textbooks and encyclopedia articles.[9] [10] [11] [12] His articles have been published in highly ranked journals,[13] including Science,[14] [15] Nature,[16] and The Journal of Cell Biology.[17]

As a cytologist, Rieder was the first to observe microtubule capture by kinetochores in living cells. This process was predicted by Mark Kirschner and Tim Mitchison in 1986, who formulated the so-called "search and capture" hypothesis of mitotic spindle assembly.[18] Rieder's 1990 papers provided the first direct observation of this process.[19] Rieder also developed the concept of "polar wind," a force that ejects chromosome arms from the spindle. This hypothesis stems from laser experiments conducted in the 1990s and remains a concept widely accepted by the field.[20] Rieder has said the discovery of polar ejection forces is the accomplishment of which he is proudest. His images depicting the newt lung cells going through various stages of mitosis have been published in several journal covers alongside his articles.

Rieder contributed to the concept of "spindle assembly checkpoint" (SAC).[21] [22] Rieder pioneered the idea that cells remain in mitosis until each chromosome becomes attached to the spindle, and only then mitotic exit is initiated.[23] By using the laser to ablate kinetochores on individual chromosomes, he proved that the signal that delays mitotic progression is produced by kinetochores that lack attachment to spindle microtubules.[24] [25]

Rieder was specialized in electron microscopy, serial sectioning, and three-dimensional imaging of cells and conducted research using correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM),[26] a technique that allows researchers to correlate dynamic cellular processes with high-resolution structural images.

Throughout his career, Rieder presented his work at scientific forums, collaborated with other leading researchers in the field,[27] [28] and has mentored scientists through their graduate and post-doctoral work.[29] In January 2012, Rieder retired from the New York State Department of Health after a 32-year tenure. Following his retirement, he worked as editor-in-chief of Chromosome Research for eight years before retiring from this role.[30]

Critique of current science

In an interview with Current Biology, Rieder claimed science "has become a big business with the associated evils of making money." The researcher attributed his critique to academic institutions' expectation that scientists receive multiple grants before earning a promotion or tenure. Rieder claimed the system causes stress among researchers, the publication of "premature or incomplete findings," and insubstantial journal articles.

Personal life

Conly Rieder was born on November 2, 1950, in Orange County, California. He was the son of a World War II pilot and thus spent several years in Japan in his youth. Rieder worked 30 to 40 hours in fast food per week to finance his undergraduate education. In the early 1970s, Rieder issued a marriage proposal that was rejected, which he later said helped his career trajectory.

In 1979, Rieder married Susan Nowogrodzki, a ceramicist, while working in Madison, Wisconsin. The couple has two daughters.

Rieder currently lives in Upstate New York with his wife, Susan.

References

  1. Wakefield, J., Rieder, C. . and Macgregor, H. . 2011 . Mitosis – The story Conly Rieder of the Wadsworth Center, Albany, NY, interviewed at the University of Exeter, UK, by James Wakefield and Herbert Macgregor, October 2010 . Chromosome Research . 19 . 275–290 . 275–90 . 10.1007/s10577-010-9174-3 . 21213038 . free . October 8, 2019.
  2. Ault . Jeffrey G. . Rieder . Conly L. . 1994-02-01 . Centrosome and kinetochore movement during mitosis . Current Opinion in Cell Biology . Cytoskeleton . 6 . 1 . 41–49 . 10.1016/0955-0674(94)90114-7 . 0955-0674.
  3. Yang, Z., U.S. Tulu, P. Wadsworth and C.L. Rieder. 2007. Kinetochore dynein is required for chromosome motion and congression independent of the spindle checkpoint. Current Biology 17:973-980.
  4. Ban, K.H., J.Z. Torres, J. J. Miller, A. Mikhailov, M.V. Nachury, J.J. Tung, C.L. Rieder and P.K. Jackson. 2007. The END network couples spindle pole assembly to inhibition of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome in early mitosis. Developmental Cell 13:29-42.
  5. Mikhailov, A., M. Shinohara and C.L. Rieder. 2004. Topoisomerase II and histone deacetylase inhibitors delay the G2/M transition by triggering the p38 MAPK checkpoint pathway. J. Cell Biol., 166:517-526.
  6. Rieder, C.L. and H. Maiato. 2004. Stuck in division or passing through: what happens when cells cannot satisfy the spindle assembly checkpoint. Developmental Cell 7:637-651.
  7. Q&A: Conly Rieder . Current Biology . 13 . 8 . R298-R299.
  8. Web site: Investigators and Program Directors - Conly Rieder . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120104081841/http://www.wadsworth.org/resnres/bios/rieder.htm . 2012-01-04 . 2011-12-27. Wadsworth Center NY State Dept of Health Bio
  9. Rieder, C.L. 2006. "Mitosis". Chapter 10 in the Textbook "Cells", B. Lewin, L. Cassimeris, V.R. Lingappa, and G. Plopper, Eds. Jones and Bartlett, Boston. pp 438-487.
  10. Mitosis and Meiosis, Volume 61 (Methods in Cell Biology) [Paperback] Conly L. Rieder (Editor), Leslie Wilson (Series Editor), Paul T. Matsudaira (Series Editor)
  11. Rieder, C.L. 2006. "Mitosis". In "McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science and Technology. 10th edition". Pp. 273-278
  12. University at Albany Excellence in Research Awards, 2006 http://www.albany.edu/research/ExcellenceinResearch2006.htm
  13. http://www.scimagojr.com/journalrank.php SJR, Journal Rankings
  14. Taylor, S.S., K.G. Hardwick, K.E. Sawin, S. Biggins, S. Piatti, A. Khodjakov, C.L. Rieder, E.D. Salmon and A. Musacchio. 2007. Comment on "A centrosome-independent role for gamma-TuRC proteins in the spindle assembly checkpoint". Science 316:982b.
  15. Rieder, C.L. and A. Khodjakov. 2003. Mitosis through the microscope: advances in seeing inside live dividing cells. Science 300:91-96.
  16. Maiato, H., A. Khodjakov and C.L. Rieder. 2005. MAST/Orbit is required for the maintenance of kinetochore fibers by regulating tubulin incorporation at microtubule plus ends. Nature Cell Biology 7:42-47.
  17. Howell, B.J., B.F. McEwen, J.C. Canman, D.B. Hoffman, E.M. Farrar, C.L. Rieder and E.D. Salmon. 2001. Cytoplasmic dynein/dynactin drives kinetochore protein transport to the spindle poles and has a role in mitotic spindle checkpoint inactivation. J. of Cell Biol. 155:1159-1172.
  18. Kirschner. Marc W.. Mitchison. Tim. December 1986. Microtubule dynamics. Nature. en. 324. 6098. 621. 10.1038/324621a0. 3796729. 1986Natur.324..621K. 789789. 0028-0836. free.
  19. Heald. Rebecca. Khodjakov. Alexey. 2015-12-14. Thirty years of search and capture: The complex simplicity of mitotic spindle assembly. Journal of Cell Biology. 211. 6. 1103–1111. 10.1083/jcb.201510015. 26668328. 4687881. 0021-9525.
  20. Rieder. Conly L.. Salmon. E. D.. 1994. Motile Kinetochores and Polar Ejection Forces Dictate Chromosome Position on the Vertebrate Mitotic Spindle. The Journal of Cell Biology. 124. 3. 223–233. 10.1083/jcb.124.3.223. 1616142. 8294508. 2119939. 0021-9525.
  21. Rieder. Conly L.. Maiato. Helder. 2004-11-01. Stuck in Division or Passing through: What Happens When Cells Cannot Satisfy the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint. Developmental Cell. English. 7. 5. 637–651. 10.1016/j.devcel.2004.09.002. 1534-5807. 15525526. free.
  22. Khodjakov. Alexey. Cole. Richard W.. McEwen. Bruce F.. Buttle. Karolyn F.. Rieder. Conly L.. 1997-01-27. Chromosome Fragments Possessing Only One Kinetochore Can Congress to the Spindle Equator. The Journal of Cell Biology. 136. 2. 229–240. 10.1083/jcb.136.2.229. 0021-9525. 2134806. 9015296.
  23. Wakefield. James. Rieder. Conly. Macgregor. Herbert C.. 2011-01-07. Mitosis – The story. Chromosome Research. 19. 3. 275–290. en. 10.1007/s10577-010-9174-3. 21213038. 12166137. 0967-3849. free. 10036/119985. free.
  24. Rieder. Conly L.. Maiato. Helder. 2004-11-01. Stuck in Division or Passing through: What Happens When Cells Cannot Satisfy the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint. Developmental Cell. English. 7. 5. 637–651. 10.1016/j.devcel.2004.09.002. 1534-5807. 15525526. free.
  25. Brito. Daniela A.. Yang. Zhenye. Rieder. Conly L.. 2008-08-18. Microtubules do not promote mitotic slippage when the spindle assembly checkpoint cannot be satisfied. Journal of Cell Biology. 182. 4. 623–629. 10.1083/jcb.200805072. 18710927. 2518701. 0021-9525.
  26. Wakefield . James . Rieder . Conly . Macgregor . Herbert C. . 2011-01-07 . Mitosis – The story . Chromosome Research . en . 19 . 3 . 275–290 . 10.1007/s10577-010-9174-3 . 0967-3849 . 21213038 . 12166137 . free . free . 10036/119985.
  27. Sluder, G., E.H. Hinchcliffe and C.L. Rieder. 2004. The progression and regulation of mitotic events. In "Cell Cycle and Growth Control: Biomolecular Regulation and Cancer". G. Stein and A. Pardee, Eds. John Wiley and Sons Inc., N.Y., N.Y. pp 201-234.
  28. Hauf, S., R.W. Cole, S. LaTerra, C. Zimmer, G. Schnapp, R. Walter, A. Heckel, J. van Meel, C.L. Rieder and J-M. Peters. 2003. The small molecule Hesperadin reveals a role for aurora-B in correcting kinetochore-microtubule attachment and in maintaining the spindle assembly checkpoint. J. Cell Biol. 161:281-294.
  29. Web site: The Rieder Lab: Studies on Mitosis and the Cell Cycle - People Who Live in the Laboratory . 2011-12-27 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20111219172035/http://www.wadsworth.org/bms/SCBlinks/web_mit2/peop_mit.htm . 2011-12-19 . People who live in the Lab, Rieder Lab, Wadsworth Center
  30. https://www.springer.com/life+sciences/cell+biology/journal/10577 Springer, Chromosome Research

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