| Native Name: | Conférence des Grandes écoles |
| Native Name Lang: | French |
| Nickname: | CGE |
| Founder: | Philippe Olmer |
| Founding Location: | Assemblée générale constitutive (consultative general assembly) at: École Nationale Supérieure des Arts et Métiers (Paris) |
| Type: | Association of Grandes écoles |
| Status: | (association law 1901) |
| Purpose: | Advocacy. National and International. |
| Headquarters: | 11 rue Carrier-Belleuse |
| Location City: | Paris |
| Location Country: | France |
| Origins: | French student protests of May 1968 |
| Products: | Summaries, studies and surveys in higher education for the French national education plan |
| Services: | Accrediting body. Guarantees the quality of educational programs. |
| Method: | Think tank, commissions, working groups. |
| Fields: | Primarily engineering, management, architecture, design, and political studies |
| Membership: | 227 Grandes écoles, all recognized by the State, delivering a master's degree or higher. |
| Language: | French |
The French: Conférence des Grandes Écoles (CGE), French for "Conference of Grandes Écoles", is a French national institution, created in 1973.[1] It mainly acts as an association of Grandes Écoles, providing representation, research and accreditation.[2] [3] [4] A Grande école is a French institution of higher education that is separate from, but parallel and often connected to, the main framework of the French public university system.
Since 2010, many of Grandes Écoles have been part of the new collegiate universities, that have emerged from prestigious universities and under the status of 'Grand établissement', such as the PSL University, the Saclay University, the Polytechnic University of Paris or the Assas University.[5] [6] [7]
Grandes écoles are elite academic institutions that admit students through an extremely competitive process, and a significant proportion of their graduates occupy the highest levels of French society.[8] [9] [10] Similar to Ivy League schools in the United States, Russel Group in the UK, and C9 League in China, graduation from a Grande école is considered the prerequisite credential for any top government, administrative and corporate position in France.[11] [12]
Not all Grandes écoles are members of the conference. To be a member, Grandes écoles must be accredited for postgraduate education and apply a strict criteria for: student recruitment and enrollment; instruction and programs; international research and reputation; connections with private industry; and student support.[13]
The CGE provides nearly 600 accredited training courses and a range of training and research in line with the French labor market. Each of the French: Conférence des grandes écoles and CGE labels attests to the quality of a complete training process at each school and ensures compliance with these fundamental principles: excellence, professional integration, international openness, training accreditation. As an accreditation body, the CGE created an Accreditation Commission made up of 32 experts, headed by Stéphanie Lavigne, General Manager at TBS Education, to grant the training courses offered by its member schools one of the quality labels of the CGE. The CGE maintains the level of quality and excellence that defines its member schools by investigating requests for first accreditation and when a CGE school's accreditation period expires or when their content and training methods change, and through random checks and on-site audits.[14] [15]
CGE accredited programs:[16] [17] [18]
Grandes Écoles are highly selective public or private institutions accredited by the CGE with degrees are awarded by the Ministry of Higher Education (France) (French: Ministère de l'Enseignement supérieur) and recognized worldwide.[19] [20] Most Grandes Écoles are dedicated to business and engineering, but there are also the Écoles Normales Supérieures (ENS), the institutes of political studies (IEP), veterinary schools, journalism schools, and other schools in a variety of specialized areas. Although they are more expensive than public universities in France, Grandes Écoles typically have smaller class sizes and student bodies and many of their programs are taught in English. International internships, study abroad opportunities, and close ties with government and the corporate world are a hallmark of the Grandes Écoles.[21] [22]
Out of the 250 business schools in France, only 39 are French: Conférence des Grandes Écoles members, and many CGE Grandes Écoles are among the top ranked business schools in Europe.
| Financial Times – European Business Schools[23] (CGE members-only) | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | Female faculty 2021[24] | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HEC Paris | 1[25] | 1[26] | 1[27] | 30% | |
| Insead, Sorbonne University Alliance | 5 | 3 | 3 | 22% | |
| ESSEC Business School, CY Alliance | 7 | 6 | 8 | 36% | |
| ESCP Business School, Panthéon-Sorbonne Alliance | 14 | 8 | 14 | 38% | |
| EDHEC Business School, Catholic University of Lille | 15 | 14 | 10 | 33% | |
| EMLyon Business School | 20 | 20 | 19 | 40% | |
| Grenoble Ecole de Management | 25 | 28 | 36 | 47% | |
| Audencia | 40 | 45 | 31 | 44% | |
| EM Normandie Business School | 81 | 83 | 86 | 40% | |
| ESC Clermont Business School | 95 | ||||
| ESSCA School of Management | 76 | 70 | |||
| Excelia Business School | 79 | 63 | 64 | 51% | |
| Burgundy School of Business | 81 | 80 | 82 | 49% | |
| ICN Business School | 69 | 80 | 55% | ||
| IÉSEG School of Management | 64 | 55 | 62 | 46% | |
| Institut Mines-Télécom Business School | 75 | 73 | 84 | 48% | |
| ISC Paris | 88 | ||||
| Kedge Business School | 31 | 34 | 40 | 33% | |
| Montpellier Business School | 69 | 72 | 75 | 45% | |
| Neoma Business School | 50 | 39 | 44 | 44% | |
| Paris Dauphine University, PSL University | 89 | ||||
| Paris School of Business | 88 | ||||
| Rennes School of Business | 56 | 68 | 88 | 34% | |
| Skema Business School | 49 | 48 | 37% | ||
| TBS Education | 57 | 58 | 58 | 50% |
Times Higher Education ranked these Grandes Écoles in the top 20 worldwide (small universities: fewer than 5,000 students):
| Times Higher Education – top 20 small universities worldwide (CGE members-only) | 2017[28] | 2018[29] | 2019[30] | 2020[31] | 2021[32] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| École Polytechnique, Polytechnic University of Paris | 4th | 2nd | 2nd | 2nd | 2nd |
| École normale supérieure de Lyon, University of Lyon | 7th | 5th | 7th | 9th | 11th (tied) |
| Télécom Paris, Saclay University | 6th | 11th (tied) | |||
| École des Ponts ParisTech | 9th | 7th | |||
| École normale supérieure Paris-Saclay, Saclay University | 18th | ||||
| École normale supérieure (Paris), PSL University | 2nd |
Several CGE members have roots in the 18th and early 19th centuries, and a few are even older than the term Grande école, which dates to 1794.[33] Grandes écoles in the 18th century focused mostly on training civil servants and military engineers, and the curriculum was primarily mathematics and physical sciences. During the early 19th century, a number of Grandes écoles were established to support industry and commerce. Some CGE members are among the oldest continually operating educational institutions in France. All schools were founded on a non-sectarian basis.
| CGE member: founded 200+ years ago | Founded as | Year founded | Founding affiliation | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| École nationale supérieure de techniques avancées, Polytechnic University of Paris | École nationale supérieure du génie maritime | 1741 | Established to teach Naval engineering, the school closed at the start of the French Revolution, and re-opened in 1793. | |
| École des ponts ParisTech | École nationale des ponts et chaussées | 1747 | Founded originally to train engineering officials and civil engineers, its focus is on education and research in the field of science, engineering and technology. | |
| École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort | 1765 | A Grande école for veterinarians that initially focused on animal anatomy, shoeing, therapy and surgery. | ||
| Arts et Métiers ParisTech | Ecole d'Arts et Métiers | 1780 | Founded to provide in-depth training for military officers and their children, this Grande école focus is on engineering. | |
| Mines ParisTech, PSL University | École pratique des Mines du Mont-Blanc | 1783 | A Grande école of engineering in continual operation since 1794. | |
| École Polytechnique | École centrale des travaux publics | 1794 | Established during the French Revolution to teach math and science, became a military academy under Napoleon Bonaparte in 1804. The institution is still supervised by the Ministry of Armed Forces (France), but it now operates as a public engineering Grande École.[34] | |
| École normale supérieure (ENS Paris) | École normale de l'an III | 1794 | Established during the French Revolution to provide homogeneous training to teachers in France.[35] | |
| Conservatoire national des arts et métiers | 1794 | Along with École Polytechnique and the École Normale Supérieure, this Grande école was created during the French Revolution for training and research in science and technology. | ||
| École spéciale militaire de Saint-Cyr | 1802 | Created by Napoleon Bonaparte to replace the École Royale Militaire. The school was mostly disbanded in 1942 during the time of occupation by Nazi Germany, but French cadet officer training (Cadets de la France Libre) went on in Cherchell (Algeria; then Free French territory) and in the United Kingdom under the command of General Charles de Gaulle . | ||
| École nationale supérieure des mines de Saint-Étienne | École nationale supérieure des mineurs | 1816 | A Grande école of engineering in continual operation since 1816. | |
| Beaux-Arts de Paris | Écoles des beaux-arts | 1817 | Founded by the Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture to teach the arts. | |
| ESCP Business School | Ecole Supérieure de Commerce de Paris | 1819 | Modeled after the École Polytechnique, it is the world's oldest continuously operating school of commerce and management.[36] | |
| École Nationale des Chartes | École des Chartes | 1821 | The institute was created by order of King Louis XVIII to train archivists and historians, but its roots go further back to the French Revolution and the Napoleonic period.[37] |