Condylostoma nuclear code explained

The Condylostoma nuclear code (translation table 28) is a genetic code used by the nuclear genome of the heterotrich ciliate Condylostoma magnum.[1] This code, along with translation tables 27 and 31, is remarkable in that every one of the 64 possible codons can be a sense codon. Experimental evidence suggests that translation termination relies on context, specifically proximity to the poly(A) tail. Near such a tail, PABP could help terminate the protein by recruiting eRF1 and eRF3 to prevent the cognate tRNA from binding.[2]

The code (28)

   [[Amino acid|AAs]] = FFLLSSSSYYQQCCWWLLLAPPPPHHQQRRRRIIIMTTTTNNKKSSRRVVVVAAAADDEEGGGG

[[Start codon|Starts]] = ----------**--*--------------------M----------------------------

 [[DNA#Nucleobase_classification|Base1]] = TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

 Base2 = TTTTCCCCAAAAGGGGTTTTCCCCAAAAGGGGTTTTCCCCAAAAGGGGTTTTCCCCAAAAGGGG

 Base3 = TCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAG

Bases: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) and thymine (T) or uracil (U).

Amino acids: Alanine (Ala, A), Arginine (Arg, R), Asparagine (Asn, N), Aspartic acid (Asp, D), Cysteine (Cys, C), Glutamic acid (Glu, E), Glutamine (Gln, Q), Glycine (Gly, G), Histidine (His, H), Isoleucine (Ile, I), Leucine (Leu, L), Lysine (Lys, K), Methionine (Met, M), Phenylalanine (Phe, F), Proline (Pro, P), Serine (Ser, S), Threonine (Thr, T), Tryptophan (Trp, W), Tyrosine (Tyr, Y), and Valine (Val, V).

Differences from the standard code

DNA codons RNA codons This code (28) Standard code (1)
or
TAG UAG Ter (*) or Gln (Q) Ter (*)
TGA UGA Ter (*) or Trp (W) Ter (*)

See also

References

[3]

Notes and References

  1. Heaphy. Stephen M.. Mariotti. Marco. Gladyshev. Vadim N.. Atkins. John F.. Baranov. Pavel V.. 2016-11-01. Novel Ciliate Genetic Code Variants Including the Reassignment of All Three Stop Codons to Sense Codons in Condylostoma magnum. Molecular Biology and Evolution. en. 33. 11. 2885–2889. 10.1093/molbev/msw166. 0737-4038. 5062323. 27501944.
  2. Swart. Estienne Carl. Serra. Valentina. Petroni. Giulio. Nowacki. Mariusz. Genetic Codes with No Dedicated Stop Codon: Context-Dependent Translation Termination. Cell. 166. 3. 691–702. 10.1016/j.cell.2016.06.020. 4967479. 27426948. 2016.
  3. Web site: Andrzej . Elzanowski . Jim . Ostell . Detlef . Leipe . Vladimir . Soussov . vanc . The Genetic Codes. 18 November 2016 . Taxonomy browser . National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), U.S. National Library of Medicine .