Condylognatha Explained

Condylognatha or Panhemiptera is a monophyletic grouping (superorder)^[1] that contains Hemiptera (true bugs) and Thysanoptera (thrips). Condylognatha belongs to Paraneoptera, which include its sister group, lice (Psocodea).^{[2] [3]}

Taxonomy

Hemiptera and Thysanoptera are both the sister-groups based on morphological characters, and jointly known as Condylognatha.^[4]

Hemiptera

Hemiptera is an order of insects most often known as the true bugs (cf. bug), comprising around 50,000–80,000 species of cicadas, aphids, planthoppers, leafhoppers, shield bugs, bed bugs and others. They range in size from 1mm to around 15cm (06inches), and share a common arrangement of sucking mouthparts.

Thrips

Order Thysanoptera includes 5,500 species classified into two suborders distinguished by the ovipositor. Terebrantia have a well-developed conical ovipositor, while the Tubulifera do not. Instead the abdomen is drawn out in the shape of a tube. These insects are called thrips.

Notes and References

1. Book: Evolution of the Insects. David. Grimaldi. Michael S.. Engel. Michael S.. Engel. Senior Curator and Professor Michael S.. Engel. May 16, 2005. Cambridge University Press. 9780521821490. Google Books.
2. Phylogenomics and the evolution of hemipteroid insects. Kevin P.. Johnson. Christopher H.. Dietrich. Frank. Friedrich. Rolf G.. Beutel. Benjamin. Wipfler. Ralph S.. Peters. Julie M.. Allen. Malte. Petersen. Alexander. Donath. Kimberly K. O.. Walden. Alexey M.. Kozlov. Lars. Podsiadlowski. Christoph. Mayer. Karen. Meusemann. Alexandros. Vasilikopoulos. Robert M.. Waterhouse. Stephen L.. Cameron. Christiane. Weirauch. Daniel R.. Swanson. Diana M.. Percy. Nate B.. Hardy. Irene. Terry. Shanlin. Liu. Xin. Zhou. Bernhard. Misof. Hugh M.. Robertson. Kazunori. Yoshizawa. December 11, 2018. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 115. 50. 12775–12780. 10.1073/pnas.1815820115. 30478043. 6294958. free.
3. Phylogenomics and the evolution of hemipteroid insects. Kevin P.. Johnson. Christopher H.. Dietrich. Frank. Friedrich. Rolf G.. Beutel. Benjamin. Wipfler. Ralph S.. Peters. Julie M.. Allen. Malte. Petersen. Alexander. Donath. Kimberly K. O.. Walden. Alexey M.. Kozlov. Lars. Podsiadlowski. Christoph. Mayer. Karen. Meusemann. Alexandros. Vasilikopoulos. Robert M.. Waterhouse. Stephen L.. Cameron. Christiane. Weirauch. Daniel R.. Swanson. Diana M.. Percy. Nate B.. Hardy. Irene. Terry. Shanlin. Liu. Xin. Zhou. Bernhard. Misof. Hugh M.. Robertson. Kazunori. Yoshizawa. December 11, 2018. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 115. 50. 12775–12780. 10.1073/pnas.1815820115. 30478043. 6294958. free.
4. Higher-level phylogeny of paraneopteran insects inferred from mitochondrial genome sequences. Hu. Li. Renfu. Shao. Nan. Song. Fan. Song. Pei. Jiang. Zhihong. Li. Wanzhi. Cai. February 23, 2015. Scientific Reports. 5. 1. 8527. 10.1038/srep08527. 25704094. 4336943. 2015NatSR...5E8527L.