Comparison of video container formats explained

These tables compare features of multimedia container formats, most often used for storing or streaming digital video or digital audio content. To see which multimedia players support which container format, look at comparison of media players.

General information

In many ways, derived containers are similar to those on which they are based, sometimes extending them, sometimes limiting their capabilities.

• QTFF
  • ISO BMFF
    • MP4
    • 3GPP, 3GPP2
    • F4V

• MPEG-PS
  • MPEG-TS
    • M2TS
  • VOB
    • EVOB

• MCF
  • Matroska
    • WebM

• RIFF
  • AVI
    • DMF

• RM
  • RMVB

General information about video container formats

Format	Filename extension	Owner or creator	Initial release	License	VBR audio	VFR	Hardware players	Streaming	Metadata	Chapters
Matroska	.mkv, .mk3d	CoreCodec	2002-12						^[1]	^[2]
MPEG-4 Part 14 (MP4)	.mp4, .m4v	MPEG	2001-10	^[3]
QuickTime File Format (QTFF)	.mov, .qt	Apple Inc.	1991-12	^[4]
Advanced Systems Format (ASF)	.asf, .wmv	Microsoft	1996-09					^[5]
Audio Video Interleave (AVI)	.avi	Microsoft	1992-11	^[6]
Material Exchange Format (MXF)	.mxf	SMPTE	2004-09	^[7]
MPEG program stream (PS)	.m2p, .ps	MPEG	1993-08	^[8]
MPEG transport stream (TS)	.ts, .tsv	MPEG	1995-07
BDAV MPEG-2 transport stream (M2TS)	.m2ts, .mts	BDA	2004-08					^[9]
Video Object (VOB)	.vob	DVD Forum	1996-11
Enhanced VOB (EVO)	.evo	DVD Forum	2006-03	^[10]
3GPP (3GP)	.3gp	3GPP	2003-04					^[11]
3GPP2 (3G2)	.3g2	3GPP2	2004-01
Flash Video (F4V)	.f4v	Adobe Inc.	2007-12							^[12]
Flash Video (FLV)	.flv	Adobe Inc.	2003-09	^[13]
Ogg	.ogv, .ogx	Xiph.Org	2003-05	^[14]				^[15]	^[16]
WebM	.webm	Google	2010-05	^[17]
RealMedia Variable Bitrate (RMVB)	.rmvb	RealNetworks	2003						^[18]
DivX Media Format (DMF)	.divx	DivX, Inc.	2005-06

Support level legend:

Some features are only supported by a few containers:

• Attachments (additional files, such as fonts for subtitles) are only supported in Matroska,^[19] MP4 and QTFF. M2TS supports attachments as multiple files in a specific file structure: fonts for subtitles are in .otf files in the /BDMV/AUXDATA/ directory.
• Interactive menus are only supported in MP4, QTFF, M2TS, EVO and DMF. VOB supports interactive menus as multiple files in a specific file structure for encoding DVD content, requiring a companion .ifo file. Matroska has been planning to support interactive menus as part of a draft specification since 2004.^[20]
• Digital 3D is only supported at the container format level in Matroska, MXF^[21] and WebM (some stereo modes).^[22] M2TS supports Digital 3D as multiple files in a specific file structure for encoding stereoscopic video: MVC stereoscopic data is in .ssif files in the /BDMV/STREAM/SSIF/ directory and require a respective base .m2ts file. Digital 3D in QTFF and ASF is possible, but not standard. MP4 only supports Digital 3D at the video format level.^[23]

Some common multimedia file formats are not completely distinct container formats. Some are containers for specific audio and video coding formats, such as WebM, a subset of Matroska. Some are combinations of common container formats and audio and video coding profiles, such as AVCHD and DivX formats. Although sometimes compared to DivX products, Xvid is neither a container format nor a video format, it is a software library that encodes video using specific coding profiles of the common MPEG-4 ASP video format. Those types of restrictions are intended to simplify the construction of multimedia recorders and players.

Video coding formats support

See also: Comparison of video codecs.

Video container support for video coding formats

Format	Type	Initial release	License	MKV	MP4^[24]	QTFF	ASF	AVI	MXF	PS, TS	3GP, 3G2
MPEG-H HEVC (H.265)	data-sort-value="50-lossy-or-lossless"	Lossy or lossless	2013-06	^[25]			^[26]			^[27]
MPEG-4 AVC (H.264)	data-sort-value="50-lossy-or-lossless"	Lossy or lossless	2004-08	^[28]							^[29]
AV1	data-sort-value="50-lossy-or-lossless"	Lossy or lossless	2018-03		^[30]
VP9	data-sort-value="50-lossy-or-lossless"	Lossy or lossless	2013-06
VP8	data-sort-value="50-lossy-or-lossless"	Lossy or lossless	2008-09
Dirac	data-sort-value="50-lossy-or-lossless"	Lossy or lossless	2008-03	^[31]					^[32]
MVC	data-sort-value="60-lossy-or-lossless-stereoscopic"	Stereoscopic	2009-05
MPEG-1 Video	data-sort-value="30-lossy-general"	Lossy	1993-08	^[33] ^[34]
MPEG-2 Video	data-sort-value="30-lossy-general"	Lossy	1996-05
MPEG-4 Visual	data-sort-value="30-lossy-general"	Lossy	1999-12	^[35]
Microsoft MPEG4 V2	data-sort-value="30-lossy-general"	Lossy	2003
VC-1	data-sort-value="30-lossy-general"	Lossy	2006-02	^[36]		^[37]
H.263	data-sort-value="30-lossy-general"	Lossy	1996-03
Theora	data-sort-value="30-lossy-general"	Lossy	2004-06	^[38]
Cinepak	data-sort-value="30-lossy-general"	Lossy	1991
Sorenson	data-sort-value="30-lossy-general"	Lossy	1998-03
RealVideo	data-sort-value="30-lossy-general"	Lossy	1997-02
VP6	data-sort-value="30-lossy-general"	Lossy	2003-05						^[39] ^[40]
DV	data-sort-value="10-lossy-intra-frame"	Intra-frame	1995							^[41]
M-JPEG	data-sort-value="10-lossy-intra-frame"	Intra-frame	1994-05	^[42]
MJ2	data-sort-value="10-lossy-intra-frame"	Intra-frame	2003-12	^[43]
Apple ProRes	data-sort-value="10-lossy-intra-frame"	Intra-frame	2007-04				^[44]
HuffYUV	data-sort-value="80-lossless-compressed"	Lossless	2000						^[45]
YCbCr	data-sort-value="89-lossless-uncompressed"	Not compressed	1982							^[46]
Other	data-sort-value="98-other-active"	Other

Support level legend:

Some containers only support a restricted set of video formats:

• DMF only supports MPEG-4 Visual ASP with DivX profiles.
• EVO only supports MPEG-4 AVC, MPEG-1 Video, MPEG-2 Video and VC-1.
• F4V only supports MPEG-4 AVC, MPEG-4 Visual and H.263.
• FLV only supports MPEG-4 Visual, VP6, Sorenson Spark and Screen Video. MPEG-4 AVC in FLV is possible, but not standard.
• M2TS only supports MPEG-4 AVC, MPEG-1 Video, MPEG-2 Video, MPEG-4 Visual and VC-1.
• Ogg only supports Theora, MNG, JNG, PNG^[47] and Dirac.^{[48] [49]} Firefox supports VP9 and VP8 in Ogg.^[50] VLC supports MPEG-2 Video, MPEG-4 Visual and VC-1 in Ogg.^[51]
• RMVB only supports RealVideo versions RV30, RV40 and RV60.
• VOB only supports MPEG-1 Video and MPEG-2 Video.
• WebM only supports VP9, VP8, and AV1.

Audio coding formats support

See also: Comparison of audio coding formats.

Video container support for audio coding formats

Format	Type	Initial release	License	MKV	MP4	QTFF	ASF	AVI	MXF	PS, TS^[52]	3GP	3G2
AAC	data-sort-value="30-lossy-general"	Lossy	1997-12					^[53]
MP3	data-sort-value="30-lossy-general"	Lossy	1991-12	^[54]
AC-3	data-sort-value="30-lossy-general"	Lossy	1991-02			^[55]
E-AC-3	data-sort-value="30-lossy-general"	Lossy	2005-02
DTS	data-sort-value="30-lossy-general"	Lossy	1993-06
WMA	data-sort-value="30-lossy-general"	Lossy	1999-08	^[56]
Opus	data-sort-value="30-lossy-general"	Lossy	2012-09
Vorbis	data-sort-value="30-lossy-general"	Lossy	2000-05	^[57]
MP2	data-sort-value="30-lossy-general"	Lossy	1991-12
MP1	data-sort-value="30-lossy-general"	Lossy	1991-12
QDesign Music 1 and 2	data-sort-value="30-lossy-general"	Lossy	1998
ATRAC3	data-sort-value="30-lossy-general"	Lossy	2000-09
FLAC	data-sort-value="80-lossless-compressed"	Lossless	2001-07
ALAC	data-sort-value="80-lossless-compressed"	Lossless	2004-04
WMA Lossless	data-sort-value="80-lossless-compressed"	Lossless	2003-01	^[58]
DTS-HD	data-sort-value="80-lossless-compressed"	Lossless	2011-08
Dolby TrueHD	data-sort-value="80-lossless-compressed"	Lossless	2006-04
MLP	data-sort-value="80-lossless-compressed"	Lossless	1999-03
ALS	data-sort-value="80-lossless-compressed"	Lossless	2006-03
SLS	data-sort-value="80-lossless-compressed"	Lossless	2006-06
LPCM	data-sort-value="89-lossless-uncompressed"	Not compressed	1979	^[59]
A-law PCM	data-sort-value="89-lossless-uncompressed"	Not compressed	1972-12	^[60]
μ-law PCM	data-sort-value="89-lossless-uncompressed"	Not compressed	1972-12
IEEE floating-point PCM	data-sort-value="89-lossless-uncompressed"	Not compressed	data-sort-value="1985"	≥1985
Microsoft ADPCM	data-sort-value="89-lossless-uncompressed"	Not compressed	1992-05
DV Audio	data-sort-value="89-lossless-uncompressed"	Not compressed	1995
AMR	data-sort-value="10-lossy-speech"	Speech	1999-06
G.728	data-sort-value="10-lossy-speech"	Speech	1992-09
Speex	data-sort-value="10-lossy-speech"	Speech	2003-03	^[61]
QCELP	data-sort-value="10-lossy-speech"	Speech	1994
Other	data-sort-value="98-other-active"	Other
Obsolete	data-sort-value="99-other-obsolete"	Other

Support level legend:

Some containers only support a restricted set of audio formats:

• DMF only supports MP3, AC-3, DTS and LPCM.
• EVO only supports MP3, AC-3, E-AC-3, DTS, MP2, MP1, DTS-HD, Dolby TrueHD, MLP and LPCM.
• F4V only supports AAC and MP3.
• FLV only supports AAC, MP3, LPCM, A-law PCM, μ-law PCM, Speex, Asao and SWF ADPCM.
• M2TS only supports AC-3, E-AC-3, DTS, DTS-HD, Dolby TrueHD and LPCM.
• Ogg only supports Opus, Vorbis, FLAC, A-law PCM, μ-law PCM, IEEE floating-point PCM, Speex and CELT. OGMtools supports MP3 and AC-3 in Ogg.^[62]
• RMVB only supports AC-3, ATRAC3, G.728, AAC-LC, HE-AAC v1, IS-54, Cook Codec, Sipro Lab, ACELP-NET and RealAudio Lossless.
• VOB only supports MP2 directly. It also supports AC-3, DTS, MLP and LPCM as private streams.^[63]
• WebM only supports Opus and Vorbis.

Audio-only content can sometimes be placed in a simpler audio-only container, such as Native FLAC for FLAC^[64] and ADTS for AAC.

Subtitle formats support

Video container support for subtitle formats

Format	Type	Initial release	License	MKV^[65]	MP4	QTFF	ASF	AVI	MXF	PS, TS	3GP, 3G2
SubRip	data-sort-value="70-formatted-text"	Formatted text	2000-03		^[66]	^[67]
WebVTT	data-sort-value="70-formatted-text"	Formatted text	2010-08		^[68]	^[69]
ASS, SSA	data-sort-value="70-formatted-text"	Formatted text	1996		^[70]
TTXT	data-sort-value="50-markup-generic-xml"	XML	2006-04
USF	data-sort-value="50-markup-generic-xml"	XML	2002-11
SAMI	data-sort-value="55-markup-specialized-html"	HTML	1998-06
VobSub	data-sort-value="20-picture"	Picture	2001
	data-sort-value="20-picture"	Picture	2006-03
DVB-SUB^[71]	data-sort-value="20-picture"	Picture	1997-09							^[72]
Ogg Kate^[73]	data-sort-value="30-picture-or-formatted-text"	Picture or formatted text	2008-03
TextST	data-sort-value="80-text-stream"	Text stream	2006-03
MicroDVD	data-sort-value="90-plain-text"	Plain text	2000-03
Other	data-sort-value="98-other-active"	Other								^[74]

Support level legend:

Some containers only support a restricted set of subtitle formats:

• DMF only supports XSUB.
• EVO only supports HD DVD .
• F4V only supports TTXT. SubRip and WebVTT can be converted losslessly to TTXT.
• FLV only supports loading subtitles with ActionScript,^[75] but this functionality may be restricted to the official Adobe Flash Player. WebVTT can be converted losslessly to ActionScript.
• M2TS only supports Blu-ray . VobSub can be partially converted to PGS using tools that are not officially related to the container format.^[76]
• Ogg only supports Ogg Kate and CMML. SubRip can be converted losslessly to Ogg Kate.^[77] Ogg Writ^[78] is well supported in Ogg in common tools such as OGMtools and VLC, but there's no intention to turn its draft into a fully supported specification. Xiph recommends using Kate for subtitles.^[79] MicroDVD can be converted to Ogg Writ.
• RMVB only supports RealText. SMIL can be partially converted to RealText.
• VOB only supports VobSub. can be partially converted to VobSub using tools that are not officially related to the container format.
• WebM only supports WebVTT. SubRip can be converted losslessly to WebVTT.

Converting image subtitles to text formats is possible using third-party tools^[80] but relies on optical character recognition, which is not perfectly accurate and can at best extract basic formatting. Conversion of text to images is possible while preserving content and style. Round-trip format conversion between text formats may not be possible without losing some formatting features.

Overhead

Multimedia containers interleave data in media streams to enable efficient playback using fewer computational resources, such as time spent reading from the storage drive, memory needed to buffer selected media streams, and time spent decoding when seeking to a different position in time. In this sense, muxing overhead is the control information added by the container to carry interleaved streams. A smaller overhead results in a smaller file when carrying the same streams with the same data. Overhead is affected by the total number of packets and by the size of stream packet headers. In high bitrate encodings, the content payload is usually large enough to make the overhead data relatively insignificant, but in low bitrate encodings, the inefficiency of the overhead can significantly affect the resulting file size if the container uses large stream packet headers or a large number of packets.

In general, Matroska^[81] requires the least overhead, followed by MP4, AVI and Ogg.^[82]

See also

• List of codecs
• List of open-source codecs
• Enhanced podcast

Notes and References

1. Matroska . Specification . Tag Specifications . 2018 . 21 July 2019.
2. Matroska . Specification . Chapter Specifications . 2018 . 21 July 2019.
3. Library of Congress . Washington, D.C. . Sustainability of Digital Formats . Full draft . MPEG-4 File Format, Version 2 . 2 March 2012 . 13 December 2021.
4. Library of Congress . Washington, D.C. . Sustainability of Digital Formats . Full draft . QuickTime File Format . 14 February 2013 . 21 July 2019.
5. Web site: . Guide . Real-Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP) – Relationship to Other Protocols . 14 February 2019 . 8 December 2021.
6. Library of Congress . Washington, D.C. . Sustainability of Digital Formats . Full draft . AVI (Audio Video Interleaved) File Format . 9 March 2016 . 21 July 2019.
7. Library of Congress . Washington, D.C. . Sustainability of Digital Formats . Full draft . Material Exchange Format (MXF) . 17 January 2012 . 21 July 2019.
8. Library of Congress . Washington, D.C. . Sustainability of Digital Formats . Full draft . MPEG-2 Encoding Family . 14 February 2012 . 13 December 2021 . Licenses pertain to tools and not to streams or files per se..
9. Web site: Doom9's Forum . Forum message . Questions on m2ts . 18 May 2015 . 8 December 2021.
10. Support for HDDVD .evo files (MPG PS variant) in ffmpeg . 16 January 2007 . ffmpeg-devel . Caulfield I.
11. . Valbonne, France . Specification . 3GPP TS 26.244 . Transparent end-to-end packet switched streaming service (PSS); 3GPP file format (3GP) . Version 15.0.0 (2018-06) . 22 June 2018 . 20 July 2019.
12. Web site: . Guide . Understanding cue points . 10 September 2017 . 1 December 2021.
13. Library of Congress . Washington, D.C. . Sustainability of Digital Formats . Partial draft . Macromedia Flash FLV Video File Format . 8 December 2011 . 1 December 2021.
14. Library of Congress . Washington, D.C. . Sustainability of Digital Formats . Full draft . Ogg File Format . 19 February 2008 . 1 December 2021.
15. Web site: Ogg bitstream overview . Xiph.org . 3 December 2021 . 2016 . live. https://web.archive.org/web/20000118122008/http://www.xiph.org:80/ogg/doc/oggstream.html . 2000-01-18 .
16. . Specification . Metadata . 24 July 2013 . 21 July 2019.
17. Library of Congress . Washington, D.C. . Sustainability of Digital Formats . Partial draft . WebM . 19 August 2020 . 1 December 2021.
18. Web site: MultimediaWiki . Guide . RealMedia . 28 November 2018 . 1 December 2021.
19. Matroska . Draft . Specifications . Elements semantic . 2018 . 21 July 2019.
20. Matroska . Draft . Menu Specifications . 2018 . 21 July 2019.
21. . White Plains, NY . Standard . ST 2070-1:2014 . Stereoscopic 3D in MXF for Operations – Common Provisions . 10.5594/SMPTE.ST2070-1.2014 . 978-1-61482-808-2 . 13 May 2014 . subscription . IEEE Xplore Digital Library.
22. WebM Project . Specification . WebM Container Guidelines . 28 November 2017 . 21 July 2019.
23. Web site: Gavrilov K . sView . Guide . Stereoscopic Formats . 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210226161241/https://www.sview.ru/en/help/input/ . 26 February 2021 . live . 26 July 2019.
24. Web site: . MP4RA – The MP4 Registration Authority – Official Registration Authority for the ISOBMFF family of standards . Registry . Codecs . 21 July 2019.
25. Library of Congress . Washington, D.C. . Sustainability of Digital Formats . Preliminary draft . High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) Family, H.265, MPEG-H Part 2 . 19 November 2020 . 1 December 2021.
26. Web site: . Cupertino, CA . Apple Support . Knowledge base article . Using HEIF or HEVC media on Apple devices . 12 April 2019 . 21 July 2019.
27. . White Plains, NY . Standard . SMPTE ST 381-5:2020 . Material Exchange Format – Mapping HEVC Streams into the MXF Generic Container . 10.5594/SMPTE.ST381-5.2020 . 978-1-68303-227-4 . 5 November 2020 . subscription . IEEE Xplore Digital Library.
28. Library of Congress . Washington, D.C. . Sustainability of Digital Formats . Full draft . MPEG-4, Advanced Video Coding (Part 10) (H.264) . 5 December 2011 . 1 December 2021.
29. Book: Lee J, Kalva H . . The VC-1 and H.264 Video Compression Standards for Broadband Video Services . 1st . 978-0-387-71042-6 . 19 August 2008 . subscription . 22 July 2019.
30. IETF CELLAR working group . GitHub . Draft . AOM AV1 codec mapping in Matroska/WebM . Version 1 . 2 August 2020 . 26 December 2021.
31. Web site: FAQ – Diracvideo . dead . Dirac Video Compression . https://web.archive.org/web/20090415034708/http://diracvideo.org/wiki/FAQ . 15 April 2009.
32. Web site: SourceForge . Repository . Dirac . 4 June 2013 . 21 July 2019.
33. . Specification . Web video codec guide . 11 May 2022.
34. Library of Congress . Washington, D.C. . Sustainability of Digital Formats . Full draft . MPEG-1 Video Coding (H.261) . 1 December 2011 . 1 December 2021.
35. Library of Congress . Washington, D.C. . Sustainability of Digital Formats . Full draft . MPEG-4, Visual Coding (Part 2) (H.263) . 14 March 2011 . 1 December 2021.
36. Library of Congress . Washington, D.C. . Sustainability of Digital Formats . Full draft . Windows Media 9 Video Codec; SMPTE VC-1 . 26 May 2010 . 13 December 2021.
37. . White Plains, NY . Recommendation . SMPTE RP 2025:2007 . Recommended Practice – VC-1 Bitstream Storage in the ISO Base Media File Format . 10.5594/SMPTE.RP2025.2007 . 978-1-61482-251-6 . 4 April 2007 . subscription . IEEE Xplore Digital Library.
38. Web site: Theora FAQ. live. Xiph.org. 1 December 2021. 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20060520052147/http://xiph.org:80/theora/faq/ . 2006-05-20 .
39. Web site: Codecs.com . Repository . VP6 . Version 6.4.2.0 . 29 December 2004 . 27 November 2019.
40. Web site: MultimediaWiki . Guide . On2 VP6 . 14 September 2011 . 27 November 2019.
41. . White Plains, NY . Standard . SMPTE ST 383:2008 . For Television – Material Exchange Format (MXF) – Mapping DV-DIF Data to the MXF Generic Container (Standard) . 10.5594/SMPTE.ST383.2008 . 978-1-61482-525-8 . 13 March 2008 . subscription . IEEE Xplore Digital Library.
42. Library of Congress . Washington, D.C. . Sustainability of Digital Formats . Full draft . MJPEG (Motion JPEG) Video Codec . 10 March 2016 . 1 December 2021.
43. Library of Congress . Washington, D.C. . Sustainability of Digital Formats . Full draft . Motion JPEG 2000 File Format . 11 January 2012 . 1 December 2021.
44. . Cupertino, CA . White Paper . Apple ProRes . January 2020 . live . 21 July 2019 . 5, 26 . With Final Cut Pro 10.3 or later, you can also export ProRes files inside an MXF metadata wrapper instead of exporting .mov files. ... A ProRes-encoded bitstream, typically in the form of a .mov file . https://web.archive.org/web/20211101102539/https://www.apple.com/final-cut-pro/docs/Apple_ProRes_White_Paper.pdf . 1 November 2021.
45. Web site: Codecs.com . Repository . HuffYUV . Version 2.2.0 . 4 May 2004 . 21 July 2019.
46. . White Plains, NY . Standard . SMPTE ST 377-1:2011 . Material Exchange Format (MXF) – File Format Specification . 10.5594/SMPTE.ST377-1.2011 . 978-1-61482-517-3 . 7 June 2011 . subscription . IEEE Xplore Digital Library.
47. . Specification . OggMNG . 10 September 2015 . 4 August 2019.
48. Web site: . Index . OggDirac . 11 July 2009 . 4 August 2019.
49. . . Specification . Encapsulation of Dirac in Ogg . Version 1.0 . 8 October 2008 . PDF . dead . 4 August 2019 . 31 July 2009 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090731021434/http://diracvideo.org/download/mapping-specs/dirac-mapping-ogg-1.0.pdf.
50. . Specification . Media container formats (file types) . 13 June 2019 . 22 July 2019.
51. Web site: VideoLAN Wiki . Guide . Ogg . 30 October 2009 . 21 July 2019.
52. Web site: . White Plains, NY . SMPTE Registration Authority, LLC . Registry . List of Registered MPEG TS Identifiers . 21 July 2019.
53. . Specification . AAC Decoder . 25 August 2021 . 22 December 2021.
54. Library of Congress . Washington, D.C. . Sustainability of Digital Formats . Full draft . MP3 (MPEG Layer III Audio Encoding) . 3 May 2017 . 1 December 2021.
55. . Valbonne, France . Standard . ETSI TS 102 366 . Digital Audio Compression (AC-3, Enhanced AC-3) Standard . Version 1.4.1 (2017-09) . Annex F: AC-3 and Enhanced AC-3 bit streams in the ISO Base Media File Format . 1 September 2017 . 22 July 2019.
56. Library of Congress . Washington, D.C. . Sustainability of Digital Formats . Full draft . WMA (Windows Media Audio) File Format . 13 December 2016 . 1 December 2021.
57. Library of Congress . Washington, D.C. . Sustainability of Digital Formats . Full draft . Ogg Vorbis Audio Format . 19 February 2008 . 13 December 2021.
58. Library of Congress . Washington, D.C. . Sustainability of Digital Formats . Full draft . Windows Media 9 Lossless Audio Codec . 13 May 2010 . 1 December 2021.
59. Library of Congress . Washington, D.C. . Sustainability of Digital Formats . Full draft . Linear Pulse Code Modulated Audio (LPCM) . 19 February 2008 . 1 December 2021.
60. US . 4404544A . patent . μ-Law/A-law PCM CODEC . 13 September 1983 . 9 April 1981 . Mirmira Dwarakanath . AT&T Corporation.
61. Library of Congress . Washington, D.C. . Sustainability of Digital Formats . Full draft . Speex Audio Codec, Version 1.2 . 19 February 2008 . 1 December 2021.
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63. DVD Resources for Open Source Development . Specification . DVD-Video – MPEG differences . 2004 . 22 July 2019.
64. Web site: FAQ . FLAC – faq . Free Lossless Audio Codec . . 1 December 2021 . 2014 . live. https://web.archive.org/web/20130111222239/http://xiph.org:80/flac/faq.html . 2013-01-11 .
65. Web site: Matroska . Index . Subtitles . 26 December 2021.
66. Matroska . Specification . SRT Subtitles . 2020 . 2020-11-28.
67. Concolato C . GPAC . Manual . Subtitling with GPAC . 4 September 2014 . 21 July 2019.
68. Matroska . Specification . WebVTT . 2020 . 2020-11-28.
69. . Standard . ISO/IEC 14496-30:2018 . Information technology – Coding of audio-visual objects – Part 30: Timed text and other visual overlays in ISO base media file format . 2nd . 1 November 2018 . subscription.
70. Matroska . Specification . SSA/ASS Subtitles . 2020 . 2020-11-28.
71. . Valbonne, France . Standard . ETSI EN 300 743 . Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Subtitling systems . Version 1.3.1 (2006-11) . 1 November 2006 . 27 July 2019.
72. . White Plains, NY . Standard . SMPTE ST 436-1:2013 . MXF Mappings for VI Lines and Ancillary Data Packets . 10.5594/SMPTE.ST436-1.2013 . 978-1-61482-783-2 . 6 November 2013 . subscription . IEEE Xplore Digital Library. free .
73. . Specification . OggKate . 21 November 2017 . 21 July 2019.
74. . Geneva . Recommendation . EBU R 133 . Transport of subtitles using MXF in an IT-Based Television Production Environment . 1st . 8 . 9 May 2012 . PDF . 22 July 2019.
75. . Manual . 96-38 . FLVPlaybackCaptioning – Adobe ActionScript 3 (AS3) API reference . 6 December 2018 . 27 July 2019.
76. Web site: Oth V, Juhasz M . GitHub . Project . BDSup2Sub . 28 December 2013 . 4 August 2019.
77. Book: Cherlin E, Wilson H, Gerber J, Lang S . Hyde A . Berlin . Ogg Theora Cook Book . 15 August 2009 . Embedding Subtitles . http://booki.flossmanuals.net/ogg-theora/subtitles/embedding-subtitles . 21 July 2019.
78. . Specification . OggWrit . 10 November 2007 . 27 July 2019.
79. . Draft . OggWrit . 10 November 2007 . 21 July 2019.
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