| John McCain | Barack Obama | Ralph Nader | Bob Barr | Chuck Baldwin | Cynthia McKinney |
|---|
| Gender | Male | Male | Male | Male | Male | Female |
|---|
| Age | 72 | 47 | 74 | 59 | 56 | 53 |
|---|
| Party | Republican Party | Democratic Party | Independent
| Libertarian Party
Republican Party (former) | Constitution Party
Republican Party (former) | Green Party
Democratic Party (former) |
|---|
| Profession | U.S. Senator, U.S. Congressman, Businessman Naval Aviator | U.S. Senator, Attorney, Professor of Constitutional Law[3] | Consumer advocate, lobbyist | Former U.S. Congressman, United States Attorney, CIA employee | Pastor, syndicated columnist and radio host | Former U.S. Congresswoman, high school teacher, and college professor |
|---|
| Undergraduate education | B.S. United States Naval Academy (The Naval Academy had a fixed curriculum and did not allow Midshipmen to pick a major) | B.A. Columbia University (Political Science, International Relations) 1983[4] | B.A. Princeton University (East Asian Studies, International Relations) 1955 | B.A. University of Southern California (International Relations) 1970 | B.A. Liberty University | B.A. University of Southern California (International Relations) |
|---|
| Graduate education | National War College | J.D. Harvard Law (1991) | L.L.B. Harvard Law (1958) | M.A. George Washington University (International Relations) (1972), J.D. Georgetown University Law Center (1977) | Master's Degree in Theology Christian Bible College | M.A. Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University (1982?); diplomatic fellow, Spelman College (1984); a PhD student at University of California, Berkeley |
|---|
| States/Countries lived in | Arizona, Florida, Panama Canal Zone, North Vietnam, Washington, D.C. | California, Hawaii, Illinois, Indonesia, Massachusetts, New York, Washington, D.C. | Connecticut, Washington, D.C. | California, Georgia, Iowa, Lima, Peru, Tehran, Iran, Washington, D.C. | Indiana, Florida, Virginia | Georgia, California |
|---|
| Last political office | U.S. Senator (1987–2018) | U.S. Senator (2005–2008) | None | U.S. Congressman (1995–2003) | None | U.S. Congresswoman (1993–2003, 2005–2007) |
|---|
| Other political experience | United States Congressman (1982–1986) | Illinois State Senator (1996–2004) | Consultant to Department of Labor (1964) | Region 4 Representative for the Libertarian National Committee (2006–2008), National Rifle Association Board Member, | Florida Chairman of Moral Majority (1980–1984), 2004 Constitution Party vice presidential nominee | Member of the Georgia House of Representatives, (1988–1992) |
|---|
| U.S. Senate committee memberships | Armed Services Committee
- (Chairman of the) Commerce, Science and Transportation Committee; (Chairman of the) Indian Affairs Committee; Committee on POW/MIA Affairs
| Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions, Foreign Relations; Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs; Veterans' Affairs[5] | Advised auto safety subcommittee (1964) | None | None | None |
|---|
| U.S. House committee memberships | Committee on the Judiciary, Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, Committee on Financial Services | None | None | Committee on the Judiciary, Government Reform Committee, Committee on Financial Services, Committee on Veteran's Affairs | None | Committee on Interior Affairs, Committee on Armed Services; Subcommittee on Military Personnel; Subcommittee on Terrorism and Unconventional Threats, Committee on the Budget |
|---|
| Management/Corporate experience | Vice President of Public Relations for Hensley & Co. | President of the Harvard Law Review; Junior editor for Business International Corporation; Associate Lawyer of Davis, Miner, Barnhill & Galland | None | President of the Southeastern Legal Foundation | Founded/lead Crossroad Baptist Church, Pensacola (1975–) | |
|---|
| Teaching experience | Gave the 114th Landon Lecture on March 15, 1999, at Kansas State[6] | Lecturer in Constitutional Law at the University of Chicago Law School (1993–2004) | Professor of History and Government (University of Hartford) | Adjunct professor teaching "Privacy and Public Policy in 21st century Business and Society" at Kennesaw State University (2008) | Pastor of Crossroad Baptist Church, Pensacola (1975–) | Earth Day Lecturer at CSU (2008) |
|---|
| Armed Forces experience | (1958–1981) Midshipman, US Naval Academy; Naval Aviator; Prisoner of War; Commander; Commanding Officer, VA-174 "Hellrazors" | None | US Army (1959) | None | | None |
|---|
| Armed Forces awards | Silver Star, Legion of Merit, Bronze Star, Distinguished Flying Cross, Navy Commendation Medal and the National Order of Vietnam from South Vietnam | None | None | None | | None |
|---|
| Net worth (with spouse) | $23–36 million (US$)[7] | $10–16 million (US$)[8] | $4 million (US$)[9] | | | $50,000 (US$)[10] |
|---|
| Spouse | Cindy Hensley McCain (m. 1980) | Michelle Obama (m. 1992) | None | Jeri Barr (m. 1986) | Connie Cole Baldwin (m. 1973) | None |
|---|
| Spouse's undergraduate education | B.A. in education, University of Southern California | B.A. in sociology, 1985,[11] Princeton University | n/a | None | | n/a |
|---|
| Spouse's graduate education | Master of Arts (postgraduate) | M.A. in Special Education,[12] University of Southern California | Juris Doctor (postgraduate) | J.D. in Law, 1988,[13] [14] Harvard Law School | n/a | None | | n/a |
|---|
| Spouse's profession | High school teacher, businessperson, philanthropist | Attorney, executive | n/a | Numerous positions in Cobb, Georgia | | n/a | |
|---|
The third-party candidates' tax plans were not studied by mainstream media outlets and the Tax Policy Center. Chuck Baldwin supports replacing the income tax with a 10% across-the-board tariff on imported goods.[20] Bob Barr supports replacing the income tax with a consumption tax (the FairTax). The details of his exact plan are not known but consumption taxes tend to be regressive unless accompanied by a negative income tax for the poor to offset necessary expenditures.[21] Cynthia McKinney supports sharply progressive taxation, with higher taxes for the rich and a tax cut for the middle class.[22]
| John McCain | Barack Obama |
|---|
| Supported bailout | Supported bailout |
| Bob Barr | Cynthia McKinney |
|---|
| Opposed bailout.[23] Barr will seek to limit policies that permit political interference in the economy in favor of the exercise of a free-market economic model. This would include: formally and clearly end the bailouts which promote private economic retrenchment and corporate work-outs; limiting powers of the government to place sustained federal pressure to increase mortgage lending, through Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae; amending or revoking the Community Reinvestment Act; limiting the ability of the Federal Reserve to manipulate the currency for political purposes; Ensuring enforcement of the SEC regulations to insure solvency and transparency in the operation of major investment firms; Permanently lowering tax rates and simplifying taxes to more effectively reinforce long-term plans for hiring, inventory and production; cutting environmental rules such as Corporate Average Fuel Economy standards on vehicles; initiating a detailed audit of federal rules, relaxing or eliminating any regulations for which costs outweigh benefits; reducing penalties on people for delayed tax payments and premature withdrawals from IRAs; ending nonessential federal spending, particularly frivolous special interest outlays; Over the longer term, evaluate, plan, and implement for future federal liabilities and obligations—FDIC bank guarantees, Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation promises, Social Security and Medicare liabilities, and more.[24] | Opposed $700 billion bailout to Wall Street. Instead offered a 14-point proposal which included a moratorium on foreclosures; elimination of all ARM mortgages and their renegotiation into 30- or 40-year loans; the establishment of new mortgage lending practices to end predatory and discriminatory practices; the establishment of criteria and construction goals for affordable housing; a redefinition of credit and regulation of the credit industry so that discriminatory practices are eliminated; full funding for initiatives that eliminate racial and ethnic disparities in home ownership; recognition of shelter as a right according to the UN Declaration of Human Rights; targeting of funds to cushion job loss and provide for retraining of those at the bottom of the income scale as the economy transitions; the closure all tax loopholes and repeal of the Bush tax cuts for the top 1% of income earners; fair taxation of corporations, denial of federal subsidies to those who relocate jobs overseas repeal NAFTA; the appointment of former Comptroller General David Walker to fully audit all recipients of taxpayer cash infusions, including JP Morgan, Bear Stearns, Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, and AIG, and to monitor their trading activities into the future; the elimination of all derivatives trading; the nationalization of the Federal Reserve; and the establishment of a federally owned, public banking system that makes credit available for small businesses, homeowners, manufacturing operations, renewable energy and infrastructure investments; and criminally prosecute any activities that violated the law, including conflicts of interest that led to the current crisis.[25] |
| Chuck Baldwin | Ralph Nader |
|---|
| Opposed bailout.[26] [27] | Ralph Nader opposed the bailout, suggesting that derivatives transactions be taxed instead.[28] | |
| John McCain | Barack Obama |
|---|
| McCain is a strong proponent of free trade.[29] He supports the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), the existing General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, and U.S. participation in the World Trade Organization (WTO). He opposes including labor and environmental conditions to trade agreements. | Obama supports expanding trade only if the United States' trade partners place labor and environmental standards on their industries to "level the playing field" for American interests. If elected president, Obama plans to renegotiate NAFTA to include stricter labor and environmental standards for Canada and Mexico. He has criticized the current agreement for not including such standards, and he also voted against and criticized the Central America Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA) for similar reasons.[30] |
| Chuck Baldwin | Bob Barr | Cynthia McKinney | Ralph Nader |
|---|
| Baldwin would lead the US out of the North American and the Central America Free Trade Agreements.[31] He would impose a revenue tariff. | Barr's campaign site states that America "should encourage private involvement around the world, particularly through free trade. The most effective way to preserve peace is through an expanding free market, backed by a full range of cultural and other private relationships".[32] | McKinney stresses enacting laws on US corporations to keep labor standards high at home and raise them abroad. She would repeal NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement), CAFTA, the Caribbean FTA, and US-Peru FTA. She opposes the guest-worker program as riddled with abuses; supports justice for immigrant workers, and immigrant reform that includes amnesty and a path to legalization for undocumented people who have been living and working in the US for years.[33] | Nader views NAFTA and the WTO as subverting national regulatory agencies. He blames them for diminishing standards of living (i.e. race to the bottom). Nader supports a constitutional amendment asserting the "sovereignty of people over the power of corporations."[34] | |
| John McCain | Barack Obama |
|---|
| McCain favors tax credits of up to $5,000 for families that purchase health insurance.[35] "We do not believe in coercion and the use of state power to mandate care, coverage or costs." His plan would reduce the number of uninsured by 1 million by 2009 and 5 million by 2013, while raising the national debt by $1.3 trillion over 10 years, according to one estimate.[36] | Obama's health care plan includes implementing guaranteed eligibility for affordable health care for all Americans.[37] His plan would reduce the number of uninsured by 18 million by 2009 and 34 million by 2018, covering nearly all children, while raising the national debt by $1.6 trillion over 10 years, according to one estimate.[38] |
| Chuck Baldwin | Bob Barr | Cynthia McKinney | Ralph Nader |
|---|
| Believes in supplying better health care to America's veterans. Supports freedom of choice, opposes compulsory vaccination.[39] | Wants to cut costs by reducing controls and regulations. Believes Medicare and Medicaid are financially unstable, and "need to be transformed to emphasize patient choice, focus on the truly needy, and add cost-saving incentives."[40] | Co-sponsored every bill in Congress to create a system of universal health care under a single payer model. Opposes forced, coerced, or uninformed medication and sterilization; believes Americans should be able to purchase drugs from other countries if the price is cheaper, and the U.S. should negotiate with drug companies to provide cheaper drugs for all U.S. residents. | Nader supports a universal single-payer health care system and full Medicare for everyone.[41] | |
| John McCain | Barack Obama |
|---|
| While McCain has more often favored deficit reduction over tax cuts,[42] [43] he supports both, and has pledged not to rescind recent tax cuts in combination with reduced spending.[44] [45] [46] McCain believes that lower taxes will stimulate the economy, and that the current deficit owes more to overspending than to tax cuts.[47] McCain plans to balance the budget by the end of his first term. According to the Tax Policy Center, McCain's tax plans (by extending the Bush tax cuts and cutting corporate tax rates from 35% to 25% to increase investment, among other measures), would increase the national debt by nearly $5 trillion over 10 years, a nearly 50% increase. | Obama advocates responding to the "precarious budget situation" by eliminating "tax credits that have outlived their usefulness", closing corporate tax loopholes, and restoring the PAYGO policy that prohibits increases in federal spending without a way to compensate for the lost revenue.[48] Obama proposes extending the Bush tax cuts for low- and middle-income families, while letting taxes go back up for individuals earning over $200,000 or couples earning over $250,000. |
| Chuck Baldwin | Bob Barr | Cynthia McKinney | Ralph Nader |
|---|
| Baldwin would work to repeal the Sixteenth Amendment (income tax), inheritance taxes, and property taxes. "We are bankrupting our country with this incessant and burdensome tax system." | Barr supports repealing the Sixteenth Amendment and mentions the Fair Tax as a possible alternative. "Meaningful tax reform begins with reining in government spending."[49] | Would repeal Bush tax cuts for top 1% of income earners; close tax loopholes; tax corporations more; and deny federal subsidies to those who relocate jobs overseas. Proposes to regain control of the monetary system and respond to the current economic crisis, by steps that include a moratorium on foreclosures; elimination of all ARM mortgages and their renegotiation into 30- or 40-year loans; establishment of new mortgage lending practices to end predatory and discriminatory practices; funds targeted at cushioning job loss and retraining of those at the bottom of the income scale as the economy transitions; appointment of former Comptroller General David Walker to fully audit all recipients of taxpayer cash infusions, including JP Morgan, Bear Stearns, Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, and AIG, and to monitor their trading activities into the future; elimination of all derivatives trading; nationalization of the Federal Reserve and the establishment of a federally owned, public banking system that makes credit available for small businesses, homeowners, manufacturing operations, renewable energy, and infrastructure investments; criminal prosecution of any conflicts of interest that led to the current crisis. | Nader opposes corporate welfare and seeks to end corporate loopholes, exemptions, credits, accelerated depreciation schedules, deductions, and targeted exceptions.[50] He would balance the national budget by cutting military spending by $100 billion, or about a fifth, and through sharply progressive taxation.[51] | |
| John McCain | Barack Obama |
|---|
| In June 1999, McCain said "The only way to increase the yield on Social Security dollars is by allowing workers to make investment decisions for themselves; by empowering American families to invest, in most robust portfolios, a portion of their earnings for Social Security that they would otherwise pay in taxes to Social Security."[52] In January 2000, he repeated his strong support for creating private Social Security accounts.[53] Partial privatization, or diverting payroll taxes to private accounts, would reduce available funds for current retirees significantly, requiring large debt increases to cover the transition.[54] | Obama has said that Social Security's funding problem is "real but manageable." He has proposed to fund Social Security by applying payroll taxes to individual income above $250,000 per year, and says that these high-income earners should "pay their fair share." When asked if he would consider raising the retirement age or cutting benefits, Obama did not rule these approaches out entirely, saying, "everything should be on the table." However, he has said that he would not push for either of those approaches, and says that an increase in tax revenue is necessary to stabilize the system. Obama opposes adding personal accounts to Social Security.[55] |
| Chuck Baldwin | Bob Barr | Cynthia McKinney | Ralph Nader |
|---|
| Phase out Social Security. | Social security is not sustainable.[56] Social Security should be changed to an "individualized system of private accounts."[57] | McKinney strongly opposes privatizing Social Security, and recognizes cuts disproportionately harm women.[58] She believes tax payments on benefits should be reduced, and benefits increased.[59] | Nader views Social Security as "government as it should work – a coming together of society to ensure that we, as a community, take care of each other as we age or suffer from disabilities."[60] Nader opposes a privatized system that would replace "systemic tranquility with an enforced anxiety". He says people are already able to take risk in the stock market through IRAs, 401Ks and other tax-subsidized private retirement devices. | |
| John McCain | Barack Obama |
|---|
| John McCain voted for the Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 which granted workers the right to take 12 weeks of unpaid leave for family medical reasons without being penalized by their employer. McCain sponsored the Family Friendly Workplace Act which sought to allow employers to provide more flexible work schedules to help balance work and family.[72] | |
| Chuck Baldwin | Bob Barr | Cynthia McKinney | Ralph Nader |
|---|
| Impose a revenue tariff on all foreign goods to keep jobs in America. | | Wants to repeal the anti-union Taft-Hartley Act.[73] Supports full employment and a living wage for all workers. Supports justice for immigrant workers, and opposes guest-worker programs as riddled with abuses.[74] Opposes 'free trade' agreements and unelected international trade authorities (NAFTA, CAFTA, WTO, GATT, 'Fast Track', etc.) that give corporate power and profit priority over labor rights and environmental protections; McKinney has voted against these agreements and advocates withdrawal. Human rights protections and amnesty for undocumented immigrants, an end to raids, and tearing down the border wall; believes the flood of new immigrants is a result of economic policies and agreements (e.g., NAFTA) that impoverish people and drive them across borders, and that immigration should be addressed by fixing these policies while ensuring worker rights and right to organize. Favors a strong safety net for middle- and low-income working people and families, with support for Main Street (small businesses and local economies) instead of Wall Street, and a massive transfer of federal funding from military contract and war spending to human needs. | Nader promises to repeal the Taft-Hartley Act. He supports an increase in the minimum wage to $10 an hour to give low-wage workers "a fair return for their work".[75] Nader supports family farms and opposes large agribusiness.[76] He is credited with helping pass the Mine Health and Safety Act (1977), Whistleblower Protection Act (1989), and OSHA (1970) – all three are fundamental to modern labor protection.[77] | |
| John McCain | Barack Obama |
|---|
| McCain supported the invasion of Iraq and has stated that he would keep troops in Iraq for as long as needed, dependent on agreement from the Iraqi government. "It's not a matter of how long we're in Iraq, it's if we succeed or not."[87] John McCain was an early supporter of the Surge. | Obama opposed the Iraq war as early as 2002 and has pledged a responsible, phased withdrawal.[88] Obama was a strong opponent of the Surge and up until July 2008, he continued to call it a failure, in spite of a general consensus that the surge had been a success.[89] and he wrote and introduced the Iraq War De-Escalation Act of 2007 which would have stopped the Surge and started to pull American troops out of Iraq in 2007.[90] He continues to criticize the Surge because he says it has not achieved political reconciliation, has overtaxed the military and diverted focus from Afghanistan and Pakistan, which he considers to be the central front in the War on Terror. |
| Chuck Baldwin | Bob Barr | Cynthia McKinney | Ralph Nader |
|---|
| Baldwin has stated that the US's involvement in Iraq is clearly unconstitutional as well as unnecessary, and would begin safely withdrawing troops. | Barr considers the invasion and occupation of Iraq to have been mistakes. American presence "emboldens both insurgents and terrorists", and has cost "hundreds of billions of U.S. taxpayer dollars." He supports "withdrawal without undue delay."[91] | McKinney calls for the immediate and orderly withdrawal of all US troops and contracted personnel from Iraq and Afghanistan; she would dismantle US military bases in the area, and demand that US and other international corporations relinquish any claims to Iraqi oil or other resources.[92] She has consistently opposed funding for the war and the military budget.[93] | Nader opposes the US occupation of Iraq on the grounds that "it's the occupation that is breeding the resistance."[94] He supports a "responsible, orderly withdrawal" within six months. Following withdrawal, he supports inclusion of an international peacekeeping force under UN auspices, promotion of Iraqi self-rule through independent elections, and the providing of humanitarian aid to stabilize the country.[95] | |
| John McCain | Barack Obama |
|---|
| John McCain called the crisis with Iran "the most serious crisis we have faced – outside of the entire war on terror – since the end of the Cold War." "Nuclear capability in Iran is unacceptable," said McCain. McCain criticized Russia and China for causing "gridlock" in the UN Security Council and preventing the sanctioning of Iran as well as other areas of conflict such as Darfur and Burma. If elected, McCain pledges to create a "league of democracies" with the purpose of addressing those conflicts without the approval of China and Russia.[96] | Obama stated he regards Iran's government as "a threat to all of us," stating that the US "should take no option, including military action, off the table. Sustained and aggressive diplomacy combined with tough sanctions should be our primary means to prevent Iran from building nuclear weapons."[97] |
| Chuck Baldwin | Bob Barr | Cynthia McKinney | Ralph Nader |
|---|
| Has stated that "an attack on Iran would be unnecessary, counterproductive, costly and dangerous", that "[t]here is no imminent threat, and only an imminent threat can ever justify a preemptive strike", and concludes "any nonproliferation strategy must begin with diplomacy and include a willingness to address the other side".[98] | McKinney believes we must leave behind the militarization that has accompanied the Bush administration. She supports leaving Iraq and moving toward peaceful methods of dealing with other countries.[99] | Nader believes the US must stop "saber rattling" with Iran and take up Iran's proposal in 2003 to negotiate all outstanding issues between the US and Iran. | |
| John McCain | Barack Obama |
|---|
| McCain's stances on global warming and other environmental issues have often put him at odds with the Bush administration and other Republicans. For example, he has generally opposed drilling in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge.[132] According to the League of Conservation Voters' 2006 National Environmental Scorecard, McCain took an "anti-environment" stance on four of seven environmental resolutions during the second session of the 109th congress. The four resolutions dealt with issues such as offshore drilling, an Arctic national wildlife refuge, low-income energy assistance, and environmental funding.[133] McCain's measures to lower auto emissions include higher fines for not complying with CAFE standards, calling for a level playing field for all alcohol-based biofuels, issuing a Clean Car Challenge to automakers (a US$5,000 tax credit for each and every customer who buys a zero-emissions car) and awarding a substantial prize to the auto company that develops a next-generation car battery.[134] | Obama has a 'New Energy for America' plan and he has pledged to cut greenhouse gas emissions 80 percent below 1990 levels by 2050 by forcing a market-based cap-and-trade system,[135] recommitting federal resources to public mass transportation and carbon sequestration (incentives to plant trees, restore grasslands or undertake farming practices). Obama also has plans for improving air and water quality through reduced carbon emissions.[136] Obama worked as a member of the US Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works during the 109th Congress.[137] At least 30 percent of federal government's electricity would come from renewable sources by 2020. Also, he wants to create a 'Global Energy Forum' of the largest energy consuming nations (G8+5). The League of Conservation Voters has given Obama the highest lifetime rating of anyone currently running for president.[138] |
| Bob Barr | Cynthia McKinney |
|---|
| Barr pledges to eliminate restrictions that inhibit energy production, as well as all special privileges for the production of politically favored fuels, such as ethanol; supports the exploration and production of America's abundant domestic resources, including oil in the Outer Continental Shelf and Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, and alternative sources such as oil shale, which would lower costs to the consumer and assure more adequate and consistent supplies.[139] | McKinney plans to create a cap on production and consumption as well as add organic farming, sustainability, and GM to the current Farm Bill. She also plans to assess toxic levels after Hurricane Katrina and Hurricane Rita. She voted yes on further Amtrak funding and no on changing the Endangered Species Act of 1973. She also voted down a bill that allowed commercial logging on public land.[140] |
| Ralph Nader | Chuck Baldwin |
|---|
| Nader is credited with helping the Clean Air Act (1970) and Safe Drinking Water Act (1974). He was one of the first public figures to advocate renewable energy during the 1970s.[141] Nader supports mandatory standards for recycling and precycling, especially in areas of government control.[142] | |
| John McCain | Barack Obama |
|---|
| McCain gave a major speech on his energy policy at the Center for Strategic and International Studies. He connected energy independence with national security, climate change, and the environment.[143] [144] McCain proposed increasing ethanol imports and moving from exploration to production of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. He said that US dependence on foreign oil is "a major strategic vulnerability, a serious threat to our security, our economy and the well being of our planet." He is co-sponsor of a Senate cap-and-trade bill designed to limit greenhouse gas emissions,[145] and is seen as a bipartisan leader on the issue.McCain supports the increased use of nuclear energy in the US and reduce renewable sources to produce electricity. He has promoted the expanded use of nuclear power, calling for 45 new nuclear reactors to be built by 2030.[146] | Obama has presented a 'New Energy for America' plan to achieve a low carbon economy, subsidizing 5 million new green jobs. He proposes $150 billion over 10 years to accelerate the commercialization of plug-in hybrids, promote development of commercial scale renewable energy (establishing a 100% federal RPS to require that 10 percent of electricity be derived from renewable sources by 2012 and 25% in 2025), encourage energy efficiency, advance the next generation of biofuels (requiring 60e9USgal by 2030) and fuel infrastructure, and begin transition to a new digital electricity grid (smart metering, demand response, distributed generation and electricity storage systems). He also plans to reduce overall U.S. oil consumption by at least 35%, or 10Moilbbl per day, by 2030 to offset imports from OPEC nations.[147] [148] Obama and other senators introduced the BioFuels Security Act in 2006. Regarding the domestic use of nuclear power, Obama declared himself flatly opposed to building a nuclear waste repository in Nevada and has called for the facility's closure.[149] However, Obama voted for the Energy Policy Act of 2005, which allocated $4.3 billion in tax credits to the nuclear energy sector.[150] [151] Obama and other senators introduced a bill in 2007 to promote the development of commercially viable plug-in hybrids and other electric-drive vehicles in order to shift away from petroleum fuels and "toward much cleaner – and cheaper – electricity for transportation".[152] In his plan, related with transportation, he proposes increase fuel economy standards 4 percent per each year, specific focus on R&D in advanced battery technology and a $7,000 tax credit for the purchase of advanced technology vehicles as well as conversion tax credits and $4 billion retooling tax credits and loan guarantees for domestic auto plants and parts manufacturers; the entire White House fleet would be converted to plug-ins and half of cars purchased by the federal government will be plug-in (hybrids or all-electric) vehicles by 2012. |
| Chuck Baldwin | Bob Barr | Cynthia McKinney | Ralph Nader |
|---|
| Would dissolve the Department of Energy. Believes in American energy independence by repealing prohibitions on domestic oil drilling, oil refineries, and nuclear plants. | Says the free market needs to be the foundation of the United States' energy policy. Supports drilling in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge.[153] | McKinney wants to leave Alaskan oil in the ground, declare the U.S. carbon-free and nuclear-free, and implement the Kyoto Treaty. She has voted no on scheduling permitting for new oil refineries and authorizing construction of new oil refineries. She has voted yes on keeping moratorium on drilling for oil offshore, raising CAFE standards; incentives for alternative fuels, prohibiting oil drilling development in ANWR, and starting implementation of Kyoto Protocol.[154] | Nader is a strong supporter of solar energy and wants to end government subsidies for the fossil fuel and nuclear energy industries. He says "technologies are way ahead of the political framework" and envisions a "massive conversion from a hydrocarbon-based economy to a carbohydrate-based economy" within 20 to 25 years. He opposes corn ethanol "which has a very poor net energy and water-usage characteristic" in favor of cellulosic ethanol. He says that cap-and-trade programs "can be easily manipulated" and wants to tax inefficient technology and pollution at the production source. | |
| John McCain | Barack Obama |
|---|
| In 2004, McCain voted against the Federal Marriage Amendment, arguing that each state should be able to choose whether to recognize same-sex marriages.[156] [157] He supported the 2006 Arizona initiative to ban same-sex marriage.[158] | Obama voted against the Federal Marriage Amendment which would have defined marriage as between one man and one woman, but personally believes that marriage is a religious bond between a man and a woman. He supports civil unions for same-sex couples which would be same-sex marriage in all but name, but believes that decisions about the name marriage should be left to the states.[159] [160] [161] |
| Chuck Baldwin | Bob Barr | Cynthia McKinney | Ralph Nader |
|---|
| Baldwin believes marriage is between a man and a woman and supports the DOMA. | Barr opposes any federal definition of marriage, whether by statute or constitutional amendment. He believes the states should be free to determine what constitutes marriage.[162] | Supports homosexual adoption and has a HRC 80 rating on gay rights issues. | Nader opposes DOMA and the military's Don't Ask Don't Tell policy. He says, "We've got to get rid of this discrimination, this chilling, this bigotry toward gays and lesbians that are reflected in literally hundreds and hundreds of statutes and regulations in this country."[163] | |
| John McCain | Barack Obama |
|---|
| On February 18, 2007, John McCain stated, "I do not support Roe versus Wade. It should be overturned."[164] McCain believes that Roe v. Wade should be overturned and that the issue of abortion should be returned to the states. | In his write-in response to a 1998 survey, Obama stated his abortion position as: "Abortions should be legally available in accordance with Roe v. Wade."[165] While serving in the Illinois Senate, Obama voted against bills that included partial birth abortion bans. In the presidential debate of October 16, 2008, he argued that partial birth abortions were already illegal, and he does not support the practice in accordance with Illinois law. He has received a 100 percent rating from the Illinois Planned Parenthood Council[166] |
| Chuck Baldwin | Bob Barr | Cynthia McKinney | Ralph Nader |
|---|
| Baldwin would encourage Congress to pass Ron Paul's Sanctity of Life Act. Would deny federal funds to abortion clinics. | | McKinney supports full reproductive rights for women, including safe access to comprehensive prenatal and postnatal/infant care; family planning services and contraception, including "morning after" medication; and abortion. She rejects forced, coerced, or uninformed medication and sterilization, and supports single-payer universal healthcare.[167] | Nader is opposed to legal restrictions on abortion, "I don't think government has the proper role in forcing a woman to have a child or forcing a woman not to have a child... This is something that should be privately decided with the family, woman, all the other private factors of it, but we should work toward preventing the necessity of abortion."[168] | |
| John McCain | Barack Obama |
|---|
| McCain promoted the legislation and eventually the granting of citizenship to the estimated 12–20 million illegal aliens in the United States and the creation of an additional guest worker program with an option for permanent immigration. In his bid for the 2000 presidential nomination, McCain supported expansion of the H-1B visa program, a temporary visa for skilled workers.[185] In 2005, he co-sponsored a bill with Ted Kennedy that would expand use of guest worker visas.[186] | Obama's plan: 1) Improve border security; 2) Crack down on employers who hire illegal immigrants; 3) Enable immigrants in the country illegally to voluntarily pay a fine, learn English, and get in line for legal citizenship; 4) Fix the immigration bureaucracy; and 5) Provide additional economic assistance to Mexico.[187] Obama also supports issuing driver's licenses to illegal immigrants to prevent unlicensed drivers from creating a public safety hazard.[188] |
| Chuck Baldwin | Bob Barr | Cynthia McKinney | Ralph Nader |
|---|
| Baldwin would enforce visa rules, and does not support a "path to citizenship"/amnesty for aliens currently residing in the US illegally. Employers who knowingly hire illegals would be prosecuted to the fullest extent of the law. Would end "birthright citizenship", and thus end the problem of "anchor babies". No federal monies would be used for any services to illegal aliens. | Supports better border security to crack down on illegal immigration while also supporting reforms that will "sharply increase" legal immigration. Supports ending birthright citizenship and ending government benefits and services for illegal immigrants.[189] | McKinney believes the wave of new immigration is a result of economic policies and agreements (e.g., NAFTA) that impoverish people and drive them across borders. She opposes the guest-worker program as riddled with abuses, and support human rights protections and amnesty for immigrants in the country illegally, an end to raids, and tearing down the border wall.[190] | Nader does not support open borders, which he says will create a "cheap-wage policy" for businesses.[191] He supports giving illegal workers, who have their taxes withheld, the same labor standards and benefits as American workers.[192] He says the government should "crack down" on employers and stop "brain draining" Third World countries with H-1B visas. | |
| John McCain | Barack Obama |
|---|
| Members of the McCain camp have pointed out that George Bush signed a federal directive in 2001 that outlawed racial profiling and ordered the Attorney General to look into the matter.[193] | Obama wants to eliminate racial profiling by federal law enforcement agencies.[194] As state senator in Illinois, Obama helped bring about passage of the state's first racial-profiling law.[195] In October 2007, he asked Attorney General-Designate, Judge Michael Mukasey, to end the practice.[196] |
| Chuck Baldwin | Bob Barr | Cynthia McKinney | Ralph Nader |
|---|
| | McKinney supports comprehensive federal investment in low-come families and communities, with an emphasis on people of color, to eliminate racial and other disparities in education, healthcare, imprisonment, family income, wealth, home ownership. She supports a moratorium on foreclosures, and end to the privatization of prisons. Hurricanes Katrina and Rita survivors should be recognized as Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs); she supports protecting their right of return, including their right to vote in their home states, and reparations for the losses they incurred due to government abandonment and negligence. She calls for an end to the "War on Drugs," which justifies foreign military intervention and assaults civil liberties; mandatory minimum drug sentences should be ended, and the budget should focus on treatment and prevention. | | |
