pronounced as /notice/The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) consists of more than 100 letters and diacritics. Before Unicode became widely available, several ASCII-based encoding systems of the IPA were proposed. The alphabet went through a large revision at the Kiel Convention of 1989, and the vowel symbols again in 1993.[1] Systems devised before these revisions inevitably lack support for the additions they introduced.
Only language-neutral systems are discussed below because language-dependent ones (such as ARPABET) do not allow for a systematic comparison.
| System | Author(s) | Created | Last updated | Note | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Branner | David Prager Branner at the University of Washington | 1994 | [2] | |||
| Millar & Oasa | J. Bruce Millar and Hiroaki Oasa at Australian National University | 1981 | 1981 | [3] | ||
| PHONASCII | George D. Allen at Purdue University | 1988 | 1988 | Not a direct mapping of the IPA. Segments are separated by spaces, and diacritics by commas. | [4] | |
| Praat | Paul Boersma and David Weenink at the University of Amsterdam | 1991 | 2021 | [5] | ||
| IPA (SIL) Keyboard | SIL International | 1994 | 2021 | [6] | ||
| UCLA Phonological Segment Inventory Database (UPSID) | Ian Maddieson at the University of California, Los Angeles | 1984 | Presented here is the scheme used for representing phonemes in the database of phonological inventories. Consequently, it is not designed for transcription of multiple segments and does not have symbols for values not found phonemically in the languages sampled. | [7] | ||
| Usenet IPA/ASCII transcription | Participants in sci.lang and alt.usage.english newsgroups (later maintained by Evan Kirshenbaum at HP Labs) | 1991 | 2011 | Also known variously as "ASCII-IPA", "Kirshenbaum", etc.[8] IETF language subtags register to identify text in this convention.[9] | [10] | |
| Worldbet | James L. Hieronymus at AT&T Bell Laboratories | 1994 | 1994 | Segments are separated by spaces. | [11] | |
| X-SAMPA | John C. Wells at University College London | 1995 | 2000 | IETF language subtags register to identify text in this convention. | [12] |
Only the symbols in the latest IPA chart are included. The numbers in the leftmost column, according to which the symbols are sorted, are the IPA Numbers. Some of the IPA symbols to which a system lacks a corresponding symbol may still be represented in that system by use of a modifier (diacritic), but such combinations are not included unless the documentation explicitly assigns one for the value.
| IPA | Branner | PHONASCII | Praat | SIL | UPSID | Usenet | Worldbet | X-SAMPA | Value | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 101 | pronounced as /p/ | p | p | p | p | p | p | p | p | p | Voiceless bilabial plosive | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 102 | pronounced as /b/ | b | b | b | b | b | b | b | b | b | Voiced bilabial plosive | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 103 | pronounced as /t/ | t | t | t | t | t | t | t | t | t | Voiceless alveolar plosive | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 104 | pronounced as /d/ | d | d | d | d | d | d | d | d | d | Voiced alveolar plosive | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 105 | pronounced as /ʈ/ | tr) | t( | tr | \t. | t< | t. | t. | tr | t` | Voiceless retroflex plosive | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 106 | pronounced as /ɖ/ | dr) | d( | dr | \d. | d< | d. | d. | dr | d` | Voiced retroflex plosive | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 107 | pronounced as /c/ | c | c | c | c | c | c | c | c | c | Voiceless palatal plosive | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 108 | pronounced as /ɟ/ | j- | J | J | \j- | j= | dj | J^ | J | J\ | Voiced palatal plosive | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 109 | pronounced as /k/ | k | k | k | k | k | k | k | k | k | Voiceless velar plosive | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 110 | pronounced as /ɡ/ | g | g | g | \gs | g< | g | g | g | g | Voiced velar plosive | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 111 | pronounced as /q/ | q | q | q | q | q | q | q | q | q | Voiceless uvular plosive | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 112 | pronounced as /ɢ/ | G | G | G | \gc | G= | G | G | Q | G\ | Voiced uvular plosive | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 113 | pronounced as /ʔ/ | ? | ? | ? | \?g | ?= | ? | ? | ? | ? | Glottal plosive | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 114 | pronounced as /m/ | m | m | m | m | m | m | m | m | m | Voiced bilabial nasal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 115 | pronounced as /ɱ/ | m" | m> | mv | \mj | m> | mD | M | M | F | Voiced labiodental nasal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 116 | pronounced as /n/ | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | Voiced alveolar nasal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 117 | pronounced as /ɳ/ | nr) | n( | nr | \n. | n< | n. | n. | nr | n` | Voiced retroflex nasal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 118 | pronounced as /ɲ/ | nj) | n) | nj | \nj | n= | nj | n^ | n~ | J | Voiced palatal nasal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 119 | pronounced as /ŋ/ | ng) | g~ | ng | \ng | n> | N | N | N | N | Voiced velar nasal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 120 | pronounced as /ɴ/ | N | N | N | \nc | N= | nU | n" | Nq | N\ | Voiced uvular nasal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 121 | pronounced as /ʙ/ | B | bb | \bc | B= | b<trl> | B | B\ | Voiced bilabial trill | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 122 | pronounced as /r/ | r | r | rr | r | r | r | r<trl> | r | r | Voiced alveolar trill | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 123 | pronounced as /ʀ/ | R | R | RR | \rc | R= | R | r" | R | R\ | Voiced uvular trill | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 124 | pronounced as /ɾ/ | r" | r* | dt | \fh | r> | r[| *| d(| 4| Voiced alveolar tap|-| 125| pronounced as /ɽ/| rr)| r(*| rt| \f.| r<| r.[| *.| rr| r`| Voiced retroflex flap|-| 126| pronounced as /ɸ/| P"| F| F| \ff| f=| P| P| F| p\| Voiceless bilabial fricative|-| 127| pronounced as /β/| B"| B| V| \bf| b=| B| B| V| B| Voiced bilabial fricative|-| 128| pronounced as /f/| f| f| f| f| f| f| f| f| f| Voiceless labiodental fricative|-| 129| pronounced as /v/| v| v| v| v| v| v| v| v| v| Voiced labiodental fricative|-| 130| pronounced as /θ/| O-| s[]| sd| \tf| t=| 0D| T| T| T| Voiceless dental fricative|-| 131| pronounced as /ð/| d-| z[]| zd| \dh| d=| 6D| D| D| D| Voiced dental fricative|-| 132| pronounced as /s/| s| s| s| s| s| s| s| s| s| Voiceless alveolar fricative|-| 133| pronounced as /z/| z| z| z| z| z| z| z| z| z| Voiced alveolar fricative|-| 134| pronounced as /ʃ/| S| sV| S| \sh| s=| S| S| S| S| Voiceless postalveolar fricative|-| 135| pronounced as /ʒ/| 3"| zV| Z| \zh| z=| Z| Z| Z| Z| Voiced postalveolar fricative|-| 136| pronounced as /ʂ/| sr)| s(| sr| \s.| s<| s.| s.| sr| s`| Voiceless retroflex fricative|-| 137| pronounced as /ʐ/| zr)| z(| zr| \z.| z<| z.| z.| zr| z`| Voiced retroflex fricative|-| 138| pronounced as /ç/| c"| c$| c\| \c,| c=| C| C| C| C| Voiceless palatal fricative|-| 139| pronounced as /ʝ/| j"| j$| J\| \jc| j<| jF| C<vcd>| j^| j\| Voiced palatal fricative|-| 140| pronounced as /x/| x| x| x| x| x| x| x| x| x| Voiceless velar fricative|-| 141| pronounced as /ɣ/| g"| r=<| g\| \gf| g=| gF| Q| G| G| Voiced velar fricative|-| 142| pronounced as /χ/| X| X| X| \cf| x=| X| X| X| X| Voiceless uvular fricative|-| 143| pronounced as /ʁ/| R%| R=| G\| \ri| R>| RF| g"| K| R| Voiced uvular fricative|-| 144| pronounced as /ħ/| h-| h<| H| \h-| h>| H| H| H| X\| Voiceless pharyngeal fricative|-| 145| pronounced as /ʕ/| ?&| 6<| Hv| \9e| ?<| 9| H<vcd>| !| ?\| Voiced pharyngeal fricative|-| 146| pronounced as /h/| h| h| h| h| h| h| h| h| h| Voiceless glottal fricative|-| 147| pronounced as /ɦ/| h"| 6| hv| \h^| h<| hh| h<?>| hv| h\| Voiced glottal fricative|-| 148| pronounced as /ɬ/| l-| l%$| ls| \l-| l=| hlF| s<lat> or L| hl| K| Voiceless alveolar lateral fricative|-| 149| pronounced as /ɮ/| l3")| l$| lz| \lz| l>| lF| z<lat>| Zl| K\| Voiced alveolar lateral fricative|-| 150| pronounced as /ʋ/| v"| v>|| \vs| v=| vA| r<lbd>| V[| P or V\| Voiced labiodental approximant|-| 151| pronounced as /ɹ/| r&| r=| r| \rt| r=| rA| r| 9| r\| Voiced alveolar approximant|-| 152| pronounced as /ɻ/| jr)| r=(|| \r.| R<| r.A| r.| 9r| r\`| Voiced retroflex approximant|-| 153| pronounced as /j/| j| j| j| j| j| j| j| j| j| Voiced palatal approximant|-| 154| pronounced as /ɰ/| m&"|| Rg| \ml| w>| RA| j<vel>| 4)| M\| Voiced velar approximant|-| 155| pronounced as /l/| l| l| l| l| l| l| l| l| l| Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|-| 156| pronounced as /ɭ/| lr)| l(| lr| \l.| l<| l.| l.| lr| l`| Voiced retroflex lateral approximant|-| 157| pronounced as /ʎ/| y&| l)| lj| \yt| L<| lj| l^| L| L| Voiced palatal lateral approximant|-| 158| pronounced as /ʟ/| L||| \lc| L=| L| L| Lg| L\| Voiced velar lateral approximant|-| 160| pronounced as /ɓ/| b$| b,,| b?| \b^| b>| b<| b`| b<| b_<| Voiced bilabial implosive|-| 162| pronounced as /ɗ/| d$| d,,| d?| \d^| d>| d<| d`| d<| d_<| Voiced alveolar implosive|-| 164| pronounced as /ʄ/| j$| J,,| J?| \j^| j>| dj<| J`| J<| J\_<| Voiced palatal implosive|-| 166| pronounced as /ɠ/| g$| g,,| g?| \g^| g>| g<| g`| g<| g_<| Voiced velar implosive|-| 168| pronounced as /ʛ/| G$| G,,| G?| \G^| G>| G<| G`| Q<| G\_<| Voiced uvular implosive|-| 169| pronounced as /ʍ/| w&||| \wt| w=| hw| v<vls>| W| W| Voiceless labial–velar fricative|-| 170| pronounced as /w/| w| w| w| w| w| w| w| w| w| Voiced labial–velar approximant|-| 171| pronounced as /ɥ/| h&| w.|| \ht| y< or h=| wj| j<rnd>| jw| H| Voiced labial–palatal approximant|-| 172| pronounced as /ʜ/| H||| \hc| Q=|||| H\| Voiceless epiglottal trill|-| 173| pronounced as /ʡ/| ?-||| \?-| H=| 99||| >\| Epiglottal plosive|-| 174| pronounced as /ʢ/| ?"||| \9-| Q<|||| <\| Voiced epiglottal trill|-| 175| pronounced as /ɧ/| Sx)||| \hj| H>|||| x\| Sj-sound|-| 176| pronounced as /ʘ/| p!| p*|| \O.| p=|| p!| p|| O\| Bilabial click|-| 177| pronounced as /ǀ/| t!| t*| t!| \|1| !<| /| t!| || |\| Dental click|-| 178| pronounced as /ǃ/| r!||| !| !| !| c!|| !\| Alveolar click|-| 179| pronounced as /ǂ/| c!| c*| c!| \|-| !=| /=| c!| c|| =\| Palatal click|-| 180| pronounced as /ǁ/| l!| l*| l!| \|2| !>| #| l!| ||| |\|\| Alveolar lateral click|-| 181| pronounced as /ɺ/| l"|| lt| \rl| L>| l[| *<lat>| l)| l\| Voiced alveolar lateral flap|-| 182| pronounced as /ɕ/| ci)| sV>| ss| \cc| c<| SJ|| c}| s\| Voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative|-| 183| pronounced as /ʑ/| zi)| zV>| zz| \zc| z>| ZJ|| z}| z\| Voiced alveolo-palatal fricative|-| 184| pronounced as /ⱱ/||||| v<| v[|||| Voiced labiodental flap|-| 209| pronounced as /ɫ/| l~)| l-|| \l~| l~~| l-| L|| 5| Velarized alveolar lateral approximant|-| 301| pronounced as /i/| i| i| i| i| i| i| i| i| i| Close front unrounded vowel|-| 302| pronounced as /e/| e| e| e| e| e| e| e| e| e| Close-mid front unrounded vowel|-| 303| pronounced as /ɛ/| E| E| E| \ef| e<| E| E| E| E| Open-mid front unrounded vowel|-| 304| pronounced as /a/| a| a| a| a| a| a| a| a| a| Open front unrounded vowel|-| 305| pronounced as /ɑ/| a"| A| aa| \as| a=| a_| A| A| A| Open back unrounded vowel|-| 306| pronounced as /ɔ/| c&| O| O| \ct| o<| O| O| >| O| Open-mid back rounded vowel|-| 307| pronounced as /o/| o| o| o| o| o| o| o| o| o| Close-mid back rounded vowel|-| 308| pronounced as /u/| u| u| u| u| u| u| u| u| u| Close back rounded vowel|-| 309| pronounced as /y/| y| y or i!| y| y| y| y| y| y| y| Close front rounded vowel|-| 310| pronounced as /ø/| o/)| 0 or e!| oe| \o/| o>| o/| Y| 7| 2| Close-mid front rounded vowel|-| 311| pronounced as /œ/| oe)| E!| oE| \oe| E<| E)| W| 8| 9| Open-mid front rounded vowel|-| 312| pronounced as /ɶ/| OE)| a!| OE| \Oe| E>|| &.| 6| &| Open front rounded vowel|-| 313| pronounced as /ɒ/| a"&| A= or A!| ao| \ab| o=| a_)| A.| 5| Q| Open back rounded vowel|-| 314| pronounced as /ʌ/| v&| ^, V= or O!| A| \vt| u>| ^| V| ^| V| Open-mid back unrounded vowel|-| 315| pronounced as /ɤ/| U"| o!| oo| \rh| O>| o(| o-| 2| 7| Close-mid back unrounded vowel|-| 316| pronounced as /ɯ/| m&| m= or u!| uu| \mt| u=| uu| u-| 4| M| Close back unrounded vowel|-| 317| pronounced as /ɨ/| i-| i"| i-| \i-| I=| i_| i"| ix| 1| Close central unrounded vowel|-| 318| pronounced as /ʉ/| u-| u"| u-| \u-| U=| u+| u"| ux| }| Close central rounded vowel|-| 319| pronounced as /ɪ/| I| I| I| \ic| i=| I| I| I| I| Near-close near-front unrounded vowel|-| 320| pronounced as /ʏ/| Y| Y| Y| \yc| Y=| Y| U.| Y| Y| Near-close near-front rounded vowel|-| 321| pronounced as /ʊ/| U| U| U| \hs| u<| U| U| U| U| Near-close near-back rounded vowel|-| 322| pronounced as /ə/| @| e=| 6| \sw| e=| "@| @| &| @| Mid central vowel|-| 323| pronounced as /ɵ/| o-| o"|| \o-| O=| @)| @.| ox| 8| Close-mid central rounded vowel|-| 324| pronounced as /ɐ/| a&||| \at| a>| 4|| ax| 6| Near-open central vowel|-| 325| pronounced as /æ/| ae)| @| ae| \ae| a<| aa| &| @| {| Near-open front unrounded vowel|-| 326| pronounced as /ɜ/| E&| E"| 3| \er| e>| 3| V"| 3| 3| Open-mid central unrounded vowel|-| 327| pronounced as /ɚ/| xr^|| 3r| \sr|| "@.| R|| @`| R-coloured mid central vowel|-| 395| pronounced as /ɞ/| E"| O"|| \kb| O<| 3)| O"|| 3\| Open-mid central rounded vowel|-| 397| pronounced as /ɘ/| e&| e"| 6| \e-| E=| @| @<umd>|| @\| Close-mid central unrounded vowel|-| 401| pronounced as /◌ʼ/| `|| ?| \ap| ]]| '| `| >| _>| Ejective|-| 402A| pronounced as /◌̥/| rowspan="2" | V)| rowspan="2" | %| rowspan="2" | ,-v| \0v| %| rowspan="2" || rowspan="2" | <o>| rowspan="2" | 0| rowspan="2" | _0| rowspan="2" | Voiceless|-| 402B| pronounced as /◌̊/| \0^| @|-| 403| pronounced as /◌̬/| v)|| ,+v|| %%|| <vcd>| v| _v| Voiced|-| 404| pronounced as /ʰ/| h^| HH| ,h| \^h| h^| h| <h>| h| _h| Aspirated|-| 405| pronounced as /◌̤/| h")|| ,hv| \:v| %%%| h| <?>| Hv| _t| Breathy voiced|-| 406| pronounced as /◌̰/| ~|| ,?v| \~v| $$$| *|| ?| _k| Creaky voiced|-| 407| pronounced as /◌̼/| {|||| <nowiki>{{{{</nowiki>||| {| _N| Linguolabial|-| 408| pronounced as /◌̪/| [| [| ,d| \Nv| {|| [| [| _d| Dental|-| 409| pronounced as /◌̺/| ]|| ,ap| \Uv| <nowiki>{{</nowiki>||| ]| _a| Apical|-| 410| pronounced as /◌̻/| []|| ,lm| \Dv| <nowiki>{{{</nowiki>||| }| _m| Laminal|-| 411| pronounced as /◌̹/| u)| }| ,+w| \3v| ++++|| .| (w)| _O| More rounded|-| 412| pronounced as /◌̜/| U)| {|| \cv| ____|| -|| _c| Less rounded|-| 413| pronounced as /◌̟/| +| +| ,< or ,fr| \+v| +||| +| _+| Advanced|-| 414| pronounced as /◌̠/| _| -| ,> or ,bk| \-v| _||| -| _-| Retracted|-| 415| pronounced as /◌̈/| "^| "|| \:^| *|| "|| _"| Centralized|-| 416| pronounced as /◌̽/| x^||| \x^| **|||| _x| Mid-centralized|-| 417| pronounced as /◌̘/| <||| \T(| +++||| ¿| _A| Advanced tongue root|-| 418| pronounced as /◌̙/| >||| \T)| ___||| ¡| _q| Retracted tongue root|-| 419| pronounced as /◌˞/| r^||| \hr| [[[| .| <r>|| `| Rhoticity|-| 420| pronounced as /ʷ/| w^|| ,V\| \^w| w^| W| <w>| w| _w| Labialized|-| 421| pronounced as /ʲ/| j^| .| ,j| \^j| j^| J| <pzd>| j| ' or _j| Palatalized|-| 422| pronounced as /ˠ/| g^|| ,g| \^G| g=^| -| <vzd>| 2| _G| Velarized|-| 423| pronounced as /ˤ/| &g^|| ,H| \^9| ?<^| 9| <H>| !| _?\| Pharyngealized|-| 424| pronounced as /◌̃/| ~^| ~| ,+n| \~^| ~| ~| ~| ~| ~ or _~| Nasalized|-| 425| pronounced as /ⁿ/| n^|| ,n-| \^n| n^| n|| n| _n| Nasal release|-| 426| pronounced as /ˡ/| l^|| ,l-| \^l| l^| L|| l| _l| Lateral release|-| 427| pronounced as /◌̚/| .)|| ,=| \cn| ]]]|| <unx>| c| _}| No audible release|-| 428| pronounced as /◌̴/| ~)| -||||||| _e| Velarized or pharyngealized|-| 429| pronounced as /◌̝/| =| .| ,/ or ,up| \T^| ++|||| _r| Raised|-| 430| pronounced as /◌̞/| ="| (| ,\ or ,dn| \Tv| __|||| _o| Lowered|-| 431| pronounced as /◌̩/| ,)| \| ,$| \|v| $|| -| =| = or _=| Syllabic|-| 432| pronounced as /◌̯/| (| *| ,gl| \nv| $$||| (| _^| Non-syllabic|-| rowspan="2" | 433| pronounced as /◌͡◌/| rowspan="2" | ))|| rowspan="2" | _| \li| #&|||| rowspan="2" | _| rowspan="2" | Affricate or double articulation|-| pronounced as /◌͜◌/||| @&||||-| 501| pronounced as /ˈ/| '| '| $S5| \'1| }|| '| `| "| Primary stress|-| 502| pronounced as /ˌ/| ,| `| $S3| \'2| <nowiki>}}</nowiki>|| ,| '| %| Secondary stress|-| 503| pronounced as /ː/| :| || ,:| \:f| :| :| :| :| :| Long|-| 504| pronounced as /ˑ/| ;| :| ,.| \.f| ::||| ;| :\| Half-long|-| 505| pronounced as /◌̆/| (^| *| ,--| \N^| ***| S|| (| _X| Extra-short|-| 506| pronounced as /./| .|| $| .| .|| #| .| .| Syllable break|-| 507| pronounced as /|/| |||| || .<|||| || Minor (foot) group|-| 508| pronounced as /‖/| ||||| ||| .=|||| ||| Major (intonation) group|-| 509| pronounced as /‿/| =)||| \_u| #=|||| -\| Linking (absence of a break)|-| 510| pronounced as /↗/| /|||| #>>|||| </> or <R>| Global rise|-| 511| pronounced as /↘/| \|||| #<<|||| <\> or <F>| Global fall|-| 512| pronounced as /◌̋/| 5| 5| $T5-|| @4||| _9| _T| Extra-high|-| 513| pronounced as /◌́/| 4| 4| $T4-| \'^| @3||| _7| _H| High|-| 514| pronounced as /◌̄/| 3| 3| $T3-| \-^| @2||| _5| _M| Mid|-| 515| pronounced as /◌̀/| 2| 2| $T2-| \`^| @1||| _3| _L| Low|-| 516| pronounced as /◌̏/| 1| 1| $T1-|| @0||| _1| _B| Extra-low|-| 517| pronounced as /ꜛ/| /)|||| #<|||| ^| Upstep|-| 518| pronounced as /ꜜ/| \)|||| #>|||| !| Downstep|-| 519| pronounced as /˥/| 5| 5| $T5-|| #4|||| <T>| Extra-high|-| 520| pronounced as /˦/| 4| 4| $T4-|| #3|||| <H>| High|-| 521| pronounced as /˧/| 3| 3| $T3-|| #2|||| <M>| Mid|-| 522| pronounced as /˨/| 2| 2| $T2-|| #1|||| <L>| Low|-| 523| pronounced as /˩/| 1| 1| $T1-|| #0|||| <B>| Extra-low|-| 524| pronounced as /◌̌/| 15| 15| $1/| \v^| @13|||| _L_H, _R or _/| Rising|-| 525| pronounced as /◌̂/| 51| 51| $5\| \^^| @31|||| _H_L, _F or _\| Falling|-| 526| pronounced as /◌᷄/| 35| 35| $3/|| @23|||| _H_T| High-rising|-| 527| pronounced as /◌᷅/| 13| 13| $3\|| @12|||| _B_L| Low-rising|-| 528| pronounced as /◌᷈/| 342| 342| $T3^|| @131|||| _M_H_L, _R_F or _/_\| Rising–falling|}Coverage
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