Community of Sahel–Saharan States explained

Conventional Long Name:Community of Sahel–Saharan States
Native Name:
Communauté des Etats
Comunidade dos Estados Sahelo-Saarianos
Linking Name:the Community of Sahel–Saharan States
Symbol Type:Emblem
Image Symbol:Community of Sahel–Saharan States logo.png
Org Type:Trade bloc
Membership:29 member states
Admin Center Type:Headquarters
Leader Name1:Brigi Rafini (acting)
Established Event1:Agreement signed
Established Date1:4 February 1998
Area Km2:14,300,000
Gdp Ppp:$1,350.7 billion (2014)[1]
Gdp Ppp Per Capita:$1,363.8 (2014)[2]
Official Website:https://archive.uneca.org/oria/pages/cen-sad-community-sahel-saharan-states

The Community of Sahel–Saharan States (CEN-SAD; Arabic: ; French: Communauté des Etats Sahélo-Sahariens; Portuguese: Comunidade dos Estados Sahelo-Saarianos) aims to create a free trade area within a region of Africa. There are questions with regard to whether its level of economic integration qualifies it under the enabling clause of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT).

The annual ordinary session of the Conference of Heads of State and Government convenes in different Member State capitals on a rotational basis. An extraordinary session may be called upon the request of any Member State.[3]

Establishment

CEN-SAD was established in February 1998 by six countries, but since then its membership has grown to 29. One of its main goals is to achieve economic unity through the implementation of the free movement of people and goods in order to make the area occupied by member states a free trade area. At the international level, CEN-SAD gained observer status at the UN General Assembly in 2001 and concluded association and cooperation accords with the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (ECA) and with UN specialized agencies and institutions such as UNDP, WHO, UNESCO, FAO, and the Permanent Interstate Committee for drought control in the Sahel.

All CEN-SAD member countries are also participating in other African economic unions, that have the aim to create a common African Economic Community. The envisioned Free Trade Area of CEN-SAD would be hard to practically implement, because it is overlapping with the envisioned customs unions of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS/CEDEAO), ECCAS and COMESA and other trade blocs more advanced in their integration.

2005 summit

At the summit of 1–2 June 2005 in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso), the heads of state decided to create a "high authority for water, agriculture and seeds" in order to allow member countries to develop their agriculture through better control of water resources and seed selection. On the other hand, the summit to decide to study the construction of a railway line connecting Libya, Chad, Niger, with ramps to Burkina Faso, Mali and Senegal, to facilitate exchanges and to open up the CEN-SAD space. Blaise Compaoré, president of Burkina Faso, succeeded Malian President Amadou Toumani Touré as current president of CEN-SAD.

2007 summit

The African leaders sought to reconcile differences between neighbours Chad and Sudan over the Darfur conflict and boost Somalia's embattled Transitional Federal Government at a regional summit in Libya on June 3, 2007.[4]

2008 summit

The 10th Summit of Heads of State of the Community of Sahel–Saharan States (CEN-SAD) met on June 28, 2008 in Cotonou on June 18. Its theme was Rural Development and Food Security in the CEN-SAD area. Beninese President Yayi Boni has been elected current President of CEN-SAD for a one-year term.[5]

2013 summit

In January 2013, the Community of Sahel–Saharan States will meet in N'Djamena, Chad. A commentator said "Morocco will likely continue its steps to take command of the organization".[6]

CEN-SAD Games

Beginning in 2009, CEN-SAD member states will take part in planned periodic international sporting and cultural festivals, known as the Community of Sahel–Saharan States Games (Jeux de la Communauté des Etats Sahélo-Sahariens).[7] The first CEN-SAD Games were held in Niamey, Niger from 4–14 February 2009. Thirteen nations competed in Under-20 sports (athletics, basketball, judo, football, handball, table tennis and traditional wrestling) and six fields of cultural competition (song, traditional creation and inspiration dancing, painting, sculpture and photography). The second CEN-SAD Games was scheduled to take place in the Chadian capitol of N’Djamena in February 2011.[8]

List of members

Member stateJoinedArea
(km2)		PopulationGDP (PPP) ($US)Notes
(all states are also members of the
United Nations and of the African Union)
(inh.)(date)(millions)(per capita)
20022013 census[9] [10] also member of ECOWAS/CEDEAO and UEMOA
1998–2006 census[11] also member of ECOWAS/CEDEAO and UEMOA
2009–[12] 2019 est.[13] [14] also member of ECOWAS/CEDEAO
1999–2019 est.[15] also member of ECCAS/CEEAC and CEMAC
1998–2015 est.[16] [17] also member of ECCAS/CEEAC and CEMAC
2007–[18] 2018 est.[19] also member of SADC and COMESA
2000–also member of IGAD and COMESA
2001–also member of COMESA, candidate to AMU/UMA
1999–also member of IGAD and COMESA
2000–also member of ECOWAS/CEDEAO and WAMZ
2005–also member of ECOWAS/CEDEAO and WAMZ
2007–also member of ECOWAS/CEDEAO and WAMZ
2004–also member of ECOWAS/CEDEAO and UEMOA
2004–also member of ECOWAS/CEDEAO and UEMOA
2007–also member of IGAD, EAC and COMESA
2004–also member of ECOWAS/CEDEAO and WAMZ
1998–2019 est.also member of AMU/UMA and COMESA
1998–also member of ECOWAS/CEDEAO and UEMOA
2007–also member of AMU/UMA
[20] 2001–
or 		also member of AMU/UMA
1998–also member of ECOWAS/CEDEAO and UEMOA
2001–also member of ECOWAS/CEDEAO and WAMZ
2007–also member of ECCAS/CEEAC
2000–also member of ECOWAS/CEDEAO and UEMOA
2005–2015 census[21] [22] also member of ECOWAS/CEDEAO and WAMZ
2001–also member of IGAD and COMESA
[23] 1998–
(before 2011)
2020 est.[24]
2009 est.[25] 		[26] [27] also member of IGAD and COMESA
2002–also member of ECOWAS/CEDEAO and UEMOA
2001–2019 census[28] [29] also member of AMU/UMA and COMESA
Total (29 members)
or

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: CEN-SAD - The Community of Sahel-Saharan States United Nations Economic Commission for Africa . 2024-04-09 . archive.uneca.org.
  2. Web site: CEN-SAD - The Community of Sahel-Saharan States United Nations Economic Commission for Africa . 2024-04-09 . archive.uneca.org.
  3. Web site: Union . African . CEN SAD . 10 April 2024 . au.int/en.
  4. https://news.yahoo.com/s/afp/20070603/wl_africa_afp/censadsummit;_ylt=A9G_RyW9HmNG7YMAMhhvaA8F
  5. Bénin : Yayi Boni élu président en exercice de la CEN-SAD, Pana, 18 juin 2008
  6. Web site: Nickels. Benjamin P.. Morocco's Engagement with the Sahel Community. SADA. 3 January 2013. January 3, 2013.
  7. http://www.jeuneafrique.com/jeune_afrique/article_depeche.asp?art_cle=APA80138laprereginu0 La première édition des Jeux de la CEN-SAD en février 2009 au Niger
  8. http://www.apanews.net/apa.php?page=show_article_eng&id_article=88898 Maiden CEN-SAD Games ends in glory in Niamey.
  9. Web site: BENIN en Chiffres. BENIN in Figures. fr. dmy. INSAE. live. 17 December 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20151217002938/http://www.insae-bj.org/. 17 December 2015.
  10. Web site: World Economic Outlook Database, October 2018. International Monetary Fund. International Monetary Fund. 1 February 2019.
  11. Web site: Report for Selected Countries and Subjects - Burkina Faso. dmy. International Monetary Fund.
  12. Web site: Cape Verde becomes CEN-SAD's 29th member country. dmy. www.panapress.com.
  13. Web site: World Population prospects – Population division. population.un.org (custom data acquired via website). United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. 9 November 2019.
    Web site: Overall total population – World Population Prospects. xlsx. 2019. dmy. population.un.org (custom data acquired via website). United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. 9 November 2019.
  14. Web site: Report for Selected Countries and Subjects - Cape Verde. dmy. International Monetary Fund.
  15. Web site: Report for Selected Countries and Subjects - Central African Republic. 2019. dmy. International Monetary Fund. 24 August 2020.
  16. Projections demographiques 2009–2050 Tome 1: Niveau national. dead. fr. July 2014. INSEED. 7. 18 December 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20151222154146/http://www.inseedtchad.com/IMG/pdf/projections_demographiques_nationales.pdf. 22 December 2015.
  17. Web site: Report for Selected Countries and Subjects - Chad. 2018. dmy. International Monetary Fund. 24 August 2020.
  18. Web site: CEN-SAD celebrates 13th anniversary. 4 February 2011. dmy. Panapress. 26 October 2012.
  19. Web site: Report for Selected Countries and Subjects - Comoros. International Monetary Fund. 17 April 2012.
  20. Morocco: the area 446550km2 excludes all disputed territories, while 710850km2 includes the Moroccan-claimed and partially-controlled parts of Western Sahara (claimed as the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic by the Polisario Front). Morocco also claims Ceuta and Melilla, making up about 22.8km2 more claimed territory.
  21. Web site: Sierra Leone 2015 Population and Housing Census National Analytical Report. dmy. Statistics Sierra Leone. 28 March 2020.
  22. Web site: Sierra Leone. dmy. International Monetary Fund. 18 April 2013.
  23. Membership of Sudan in CEN-SAD was formerly including South Sudan, but only before its independence from Sudan on 9 July 2011; after its independence, South Sudan did not join CEN-SAD, but joined EAC instead, while also choosing to remain in IGAD.
  24. Web site: Sudan - Official population clock. cbs.gov.sd. 2020-12-17. 2019-11-13. https://web.archive.org/web/20191113141702/http://cbs.gov.sd/index.php/ar/. dead.
  25. (disputed) News: Discontent over Sudan census. News24. Agence France-Presse. Cape Town. 21 May 2009. dmy. 8 July 2011.
  26. Web site: Sudan - PPP GDP. dmy. International Monetary Fund.
  27. Web site: Sudan - PPP per capita. dmy. International Monetary Fund.
  28. Web site: Population. National Institute of Statistics-Tunisia. dmy. 2 March 2020. 28 November 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191128201634/http://www.ins.tn/en/themes/population. dead.
  29. Web site: Tunisia. dmy. International Monetary Fund.

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