| Native Name: | حزب کمونیست بخارا |
| Founded: | September 1918[1] |
| Dissolution: | 27 October 1924 |
| Successor: | Communist Party of Uzbekistan Communist Party of Turkmenistan |
| Ideology: | Communism Marxism–Leninism |
| Position: | Far-left |
| National: | Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) (1922–1924) |
| Flag: | Flag of the Bukharan People's Soviet Republic.svg |
The Communist Party of Bukhara (Persian: حزب کمونیست بخارا; Russian: Бухарская коммунистическая партия|translit=Bukharskaya kommunisticheskaya partiya; Tajik: Ҳизби коммунистии Бухоро|translit=Hizbi kommunistii Bukhoro; Uzbek: Buxoro Kommunistik Partiyasi) was a political party in the Bukharan People's Soviet Republic. The party was founded in 1918, by a section of the Jadid movement. It was led by N. Husainovym, A. Aliyev, N. Kurbanovym, A. Turaevym, amongst others.
The party sent a consultative delegate to the 2nd World Congress of the Communist International in the summer of 1920.[2]
The 4th Party Congress, held 16–18 August 1920, appealed to the workers of Bukhara to prepare for armed revolution. Thereafter the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Turkestan decided to dispatch armed fighters to assist the revolution in Bukhara. The uprising began on August 23 in Sakar-Bazar. During one month, the territories of Bukhara were conquered by the revolutionary forces, with the help of the Red Army contingent led by Mikhail Frunze. On September 14 an All Bukhara Revolutionary Committee (i.e. a provisional government) was established. On October 8, the All Bukhara People's Congress launched the Bukharan People's Soviet Republic, with the Communist Party of Bukhara as a leading force.
On February 1, 1922, the Communist Party of Bukhara became an affiliate structure of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks). When the Soviet Central Asian boundaries were redrawn in 1924, the Communist Party of Bukhara was dissolved and its branches divided between the Communist Party of Uzbekistan and the Communist Party of Turkmenistan.[3]
There were seven leaders of the party during its five-year existence:
| Name | Took office | Left office | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chairmen of the Communist Party of Bukhara | |||
| Nadzhib Khusainov | 27 June 1919 | 6 October 1920 | |
| Aslamkhodzha Umarkhodzhayev | 6 October 1920 | 23 February 1921 | |
| Saidulla Tursunkhodzhayev | 23 February 1921 | 3 July 1921 | |
| Executive Secretaries of the Communist Party of Bukhara | |||
| Abdurashid Mukamilov | 5 July 1921 | 10 January 1922 | |
| Mukhtar Saidzhanov | 1922 | June 1923 | |
| Abdullo Rakhimbayev | 4 July 1923 | December 1923 | |
| Akhmetbek Mavlyanbekov | December 1923 | 15 November 1924 | |