| Summit Name: | 25th Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting |
| Other Titles: | CHOGM 2018 |
| Dates: | 19–20 April 2018 |
| Venues: | Buckingham Palace, Lancaster House, and Windsor Castle (retreat) |
| Cities: | London and Windsor |
| Heads Of State Label: | or Government |
| Chairperson: | Theresa May, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom |
| Follows: | 2015 |
| Precedes: | 2022 |
| Keypoints: | Head of the Commonwealth succession; Commonwealth Blue Charter on ocean conservation and plastic waste; trade and investment, Commonwealth Cyber Declaration |
The 2018 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting, also known as CHOGM 2018, was the 25th Meeting of the Heads of Government of the Commonwealth of Nations. It was held in the United Kingdom. The meeting had been planned to have been held by Vanuatu at the end of 2017, but was moved to the United Kingdom after the impact of Cyclone Pam on the infrastructure of Vanuatu. The meeting was then postponed to April 2018 due to other international commitments.[1]
The position of Commonwealth Chair-in-Office, held by the government leader of the CHOGM host country, was transferred at the summit from the Prime Minister of Malta to the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, who held the post until the 26th CHOGM in 2022.[2]
The theme of the summit was "Towards a Common Future". The British hosts set out four main goals for the summit:[3]
Under consideration were: A Commonwealth Blue Charter on ocean governance, a Commonwealth connectivity agenda for trade and investment, a declaration on cybercrime, and revised Commonwealth guidelines on election observation in member countries.[4] [5]
This was the first CHOGM held following the United Kingdom's decision to withdraw from the European Union, a decision which has resulted in calls for Britain to strengthen its economic ties with and play a greater role in the Commonwealth.[6] The Commonwealth, as of 2018, was responsible for one-tenth of British trade compare to the EU with which the UK currently conducts half of its trade. Intra-Commonwealth trade, overall, is expected to increase by at least 17% to around US$700 billion by 2020.[7]
The British government reportedly hoped to use the CHOGM to open negotiations for expanded trade with Commonwealth nations to replace lost trade with the EU, however, as the summit began The Economist dismissed the belief that the Commonwealth could fill the gap created by Brexit as “an amiable delusion”.
The succession of the Headship of the Commonwealth,[8] and the roles of other members of the Royal Family[9] was discussed, and a proposal to nominate Queen Elizabeth II for the Nobel Peace Prize was also expected to feature in discussions.[10]
At a speech welcoming Commonwealth leaders to Buckingham Palace on the first day of the summit, the Queen said "It is my sincere wish that the Commonwealth will continue to offer stability and continuity for future generations, and will decide that one day the Prince of Wales should carry on the important work started by my father in 1949."[11]
On 20 April, the second day of the summit, the Commonwealth leaders agreed that Prince Charles would succeed the Queen as Head of the Commonwealth.[12] [13]
The British government was accused by LGBT activists of backing away from plans to make LGBT rights in the Commonwealth of Nations an issue during the summit. Homosexuality remains a criminal offence in 37 out of 53 Commonwealth states. LGBT-rights campaigners from the UK and across the Commonwealth picketed Marlborough House, the headquarters of the Commonwealth Secretariat, on 19 April in order to draw attention to the issue.[14] UK Prime Minister Theresa May said in a speech to Commonwealth leaders that she "deeply regrets" Britain's role in having same-sex conduct criminalized in colonial laws that remain in force in many Commonwealth countries, saying of these laws that “They were wrong then and they are wrong now” and that the UK government supports the reform of these laws in former colonies.[15] [16]
The UK promised to spend £61m to combat the pollution of the world's oceans by plastics and announced that it would ban plastic straws, microbeads, and other waste and to help developing countries curb plastics and other environmental pollutants from contaminating the oceans, and urged other Commonwealth countries to do the same. Five countries have joined the Commonwealth Clean Oceans Alliance: the UK, New Zealand, Sri Lanka, Vanuatu and Ghana.[11] [17] [18]
The Commonwealth unanimously adopted the Commonwealth Cyber Declaration with leaders agreeing to work closely to strengthen their cybersecurity frameworks and response mechanisms by 2020.[19]
Of the 53 Commonwealth member countries, 19 were presented by the respective heads of state (1 Sultan and 18 Presidents), 28 countries by their respective heads of government including the host country, 2 by their respective deputy heads of state, 1 by their deputy head of government, 1 by the presiding officer of the national legislature, and remaining 2 by their foreign ministers.[11] [20]
The Commonwealth was represented by the presence of Queen Elizabeth II as Head of the Commonwealth and Charles, Prince of Wales while the Commonwealth Secretariat was represented by the Secretary-General Patricia Scotland.
Gaston Browne, Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda
Malcolm Turnbull, Prime Minister of Australia
Hubert Minnis, Prime Minister of the Bahamas
Sheikh Hasina, Prime Minister of Bangladesh
Maxine McClean, Minister of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade of Barbados
Wilfred Elrington, Minister of Foreign Affairs and Home Affairs of Belize
Mokgweetsi Masisi, President of Botswana
Philémon Yang, Prime Minister of Cameroon
Justin Trudeau, Prime Minister of Canada
Nicos Anastasiades, President of Cyprus
Roosevelt Skerrit, Prime Minister of Dominica
Frank Bainimarama, Prime Minister of Fiji
Adama Barrow, President of The Gambia
Nana Akufo-Addo, President of Ghana
Keith Mitchell, Prime Minister of Grenada
David A. Granger, President of Guyana
Narendra Modi, Prime Minister of India[21] [22]
Andrew Holness, Prime Minister of Jamaica
Uhuru Kenyatta, President of Kenya
Taneti Maamau, President of Kiribati
Tom Thabane, Prime Minister of Lesotho
Peter Mutharika, Prime Minister of Malawi
Tan Sri Dato' Sri Vigneswaran Sanasee, President of Dewan Negara of Malaysia
Joseph Muscat, Prime Minister of Malta
Pravind Jugnauth, Prime Minister of Mauritius
Filipe Nyusi, President of Mozambique
Hage Geingob, President of Namibia
Baron Waqa, President of Nauru
Jacinda Ardern, Prime Minister of New Zealand
Muhammadu Buhari, President of Nigeria
Shahid Khaqan Abbasi, Prime Minister of Pakistan
Peter O'Neill, Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea
Paul Kagame, President of Rwanda
Timothy Harris, Prime Minister of Saint Kitts and Nevis
Allen Chastanet, Prime Minister of Saint Lucia
Sir Louis Straker, Deputy Prime Minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Tuilaʻepa Saʻilele Malielegaoi, Prime Minister of Samoa
Danny Faure, President of Seychelles
Julius Maada Bio, President of Sierra Leone
Lee Hsien Loong, Prime Minister of Singapore
Rick Houenipwela, Prime Minister of Solomon Islands
Cyril Ramaphosa, President of South Africa[23]
Maithripala Sirisena, President of Sri Lanka
Barnabas Sibusiso Dlamini, Prime Minister of Swaziland
ʻAkilisi Pōhiva, Prime Minister of Tonga
Keith Rowley, Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago
Enele Sopoaga, Prime Minister of Tuvalu
Yoweri Museveni, President of Uganda
Theresa May, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (Chair)
Charlot Salwai, Prime Minister of Vanuatu
Inonge Wina, Vice President of ZambiaThe leaders issued a Communiqué at the close of the summit in which they:
The leaders also issued a statement announcing their decision that Prince Charles would be the next Head of the Commonwealth.[27]
Parallel Commonwealth Summit Forums were held at the Queen Elizabeth II Conference Centre from 16 to 19 April, with 5,000 participants attending from government, business, and civil society engaged in Women's, Youth, and Peoples Forums with a Business Forum being held at Guildhall.[28] A joint plenary of all four fora was held for the first time on 17 April.[4]
The Commonwealth Summit Forums saw participation from a number of Commonwealth heads of government and ministers. UK Prime Minister Theresa May opened the Business Forum on 16 April 2018 [29] and South African President Cyril Ramaphosa delivered a keynote address at the Business Forum Banquet.[30]
Various members of the royal family—including The Prince of Wales and the Duchess of Cornwall; Prince William, Duke of Cambridge, and the Duke and Duchess of Sussex— hosted and participated in various receptions and events being held as part of the forums or the heads of government meeting itself.[31] [32] Prince Harry, in his new role as Commonwealth Youth Ambassador, opened the Youth Forum telling delegates: "In my new role, I will work to support the Queen, my father the Prince of Wales, and my brother William, all of whom know that young people are the answer to the challenges of today."[33]
On the final day of the meeting, Prince Harry and Meghan Markle attended a reception to promote women's empowerment and girls' education.[34]