Commission for the Pacification of Larut explained

The Commission for the Pacification of Larut, whose terms of reference, among others, was to arrange for an amicable settlement relating to the Larut tin mines, was established by Sir Andrew Clarke on 23 January 1874. The members of the Pacification Commission included Captain Samuel Dunlop, Frank Swettenham, William A. Pickering, John Frederick Adolphus McNair, Chung Keng Quee and Chin Seng Yam. The Commission was successful in freeing many women taken as captives during the Larut Wars (1862–73), getting stockades dismantled and getting the tin mining business going again.[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] The commission's labours concluded in February, 1874.[8]

The Commissioners after due investigation and deliberation decided to hand the mines in Klian Pauh (Taiping) over to the Hai Sans and the mines in Klian Bharu (Kamunting) to the Ghee Hins.[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8]

Notes and References

  1. Sir Frank Swettenham's Malayan Journals, 1874-1876
  2. A Short History of Malaya by Gerald Percy Dartford, Malaya, 1958
  3. Chinese Secret Societies in Malaya: A Survey of the Triad Society from 1800 to 1900 By Leon Comber Published by Published for the Association for Asian Studies by J.J. Augustin, 1959
  4. The Journal of Asian Studies By Far Eastern Association (U.S.), Association for Asian Studies, JSTOR (Organization), 1967; Item notes: v.26 no.1-4 1966-1967
  5. The Journals of J. W. W. Birch, First British Resident to Perak, 1874-1875 By James Wheeler Woodford Birch, with contributions from Peter Laurie Burns Published by Oxford University Press, 1976 pp. 11, 63, 64
  6. The Golden Chersonese And The Way Thither (1883) by Isabella L. Bird Bishop (1831-1904) New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1883.
  7. Perak and the Malays by John Frederick Adolphus McNair, 1878, reprinted 1973
  8. Triad Societies: Western Accounts of the History, Sociology and Linguistics of Chinese Secret Societies By Kingsley Bolton, Gustaaf Schlegel, Herbert Allen Giles, Christopher Hutton, J. S. M. Ward, Mervyn Llewelyn Wynne, W. P. Morgan, William Stanton, W. G. Stirling Contributor Kingsley Bolton, Chris Hutton Published by Taylor & Francis, 2000;,

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