Commander-in-Chief, North Sea explained

Post:Commander-in-Chief, North Sea
Insignia:File:Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg
Insigniasize:150px
Department:Department of Admiralty
Reports To:Admiral of the Fleet
Nominator:First Lord of the Admiralty
Appointer:First Lord of the Admiralty
Appointer Qualified:Subject to formal approval by the King-in-Council
Termlength:Not fixed, (usually 1-3 years)
Inaugural:Rear-Admiral of the Blue the Hon. John Byng
Formation:1745-1815

The Commander-in-Chief, North Sea,[1] was senior appointment and an operational command of the British Royal Navy originally based at Great Yarmouth from 1745 to 1802 then at Ramsgate from 1803 until 1815.[2]

The office holder commanded the North Sea Fleet.[3]

History

The North Sea has traditionally been an important command from the 13th to 15th centuries there was an Admiral of the North based at Yarmouth that office ceased when it was unified with the new office of Admiral of England. During the 16th and 17th centuries, Vice Admirals in the North Sea were appointed to the command of the North Sea Squadron though on an intermittent basis. From 1652 to 1654, Yarmouth used by the Royal Navy for stationing its fleets during the First Anglo-Dutch War.[4] A more permanent appointment was then established in 1745 the Commander-in-Chief, North Sea he had overall responsibility for the North Sea Fleet usually anchored at Yarmouth Roads.[5] The fleet is most well known for its key role in the Battle of Camperdown against the Dutch Navy on 11 October 1797, which resulted in a decisive British victory. The fleet was also involved in trade protection, with the advent of the looming Napoleonic Wars, and later, it turned to the blockading of enemy ports. The fleet also played an instrumental part in the British anti-invasion preparations of 1803–05 in response to Napoleon's planned invasion of the United Kingdom.

In May 1804, under the Commander-in-Chief, North Sea Admiral of the White George Elphinstone, the North Sea Fleet would reach its largest composition. It consisted of around 170 to 179 ships and divided primarily between squadrons each commanded by competent admirals.[6] [7]

The office was abolished in 1815, and its former duties were taken over by the Commander-in-Chief, The Nore whose role and geographic area of command was re-defined by the Admiralty.

Commander-in-Chief, North Sea

Included:

No fleet present 1784-1789

No fleet present 1791-1793

Sources

Notes and References

  1. Book: Mace. Martin. Grehan. John. British Battles of the Napoleonic Wars 1793-1806: Despatched from the Front. Nov 14, 2013. Pen and Sword. 9781473831421. 27. en.
  2. Web site: Archives . The National . Admiralty: Nore Station: Correspondence . discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk . The National Archives, 1805-1939, ADM 151 . 11 June 2018.
  3. Book: Blake. Richard. Evangelicals in the Royal Navy, 1775-1815: Blue Lights & Psalm-singers. 2008. Boydell Press. 9781843833598. 133. en.
  4. Book: Davies. J. D.. Pepys Navy: Ships, Men and Warfare 1649-89. 2008. Seaforth Publishing. 9781783830220. 195. en.
  5. Book: Palmer. Charles John. The History of Great Yarmouth, Designed as a Continuation of Manship's History of that Town. 1856. Louis Alfred Meall, The Quay. 275.
  6. Book: Rodger . N.A.M. . The command of the ocean : a naval history of Britain 1649-1815 . 2004 . Allen Lane . London . 9780713994117 . 615–617 . Fleets:May 1804 Invasion Threat.
  7. Book: Rodger . N. A. M. . Dancy . Jeremiah Ross . Wilson . Evan . Strategy and the Sea: Essays in Honour of John B. Hattendorf . 2016 . Boydell & Brewer . Woodbridge . 9781783270989 . 93 . en.
  8. Web site: Harrsion . Simon . The Hon. John Byng (1704-1757):Appointments . threedecks.org . S,. Harrison . 24 July 2019 . 2018.
  9. Web site: Harrsion . Simon . Thomas Smith (c.1707-1762):Appointments . threedecks.org . S. Harrsion . 20 June 2019 . 2018.
  10. Book: Pettigrew. Thomas Joseph. Memoirs of the Life of Vice-Admiral Lord Viscount Nelson. 1849. T. and W. Boone. 55. en.
  11. Web site: Harrsion . Simon . Sir Hyde Parker (1713/14-1783):Appointments . threedecks.org . S. Harrison . 24 July 2019 . 2018.
  12. Stewart, Keith . 1117.
  13. Web site: Harrsion . Simon . Sir John Lockhart (1721-1790):Appointments . threedecks.org . S. Harrison . 24 July 2019 . 2018.
  14. Web site: Simon . Harrison . Mark Milbanke (1724-1805):Appointments . threedecks.org . S. Harrison . 24 July 2019 . 2018.
  15. Web site: Harrsion . Simon . Sir Samuel Hood (1724-1816):Appointments . threedecks.org . S. Harrison . 24 July 2019 . 2018.
  16. Web site: Harrison . Simon . Henry Harvey (1737-1810) . threedecks.org . S.Harrison . 20 July 2019 . 2018.
  17. Book: Chambers. Robert. Thomson. Thomas. A Biographical Dictionary of Eminent Scotsmen: Crichton-Hamilton, John. 1855. Blackie. 165. en.
  18. Web site: Harrsion . Simon . Lord Adam Duncan (1731-1804):Appointments . threedecks.org . S. Harrison . 24 July 2019 . 2018.
  19. Book: Clarke. James Stanier. McArthur. John. The Naval Chronicle: Volume 3, January-July 1800: Containing a General and Biographical History of the Royal Navy of the United Kingdom with a Variety of Original Papers on Nautical Subjects. Sep 2, 2010. Cambridge University Press. 9781108018425. 330. en.
  20. Web site: Harrsion . Simon . Sir Archibald Dickson (c.1739-1803): Appointments . threedecks.org . S. Harrison . 24 July 2019 . 2018.
  21. Book: (Viscount). Horatio Nelson Nelson. Maffeo. Steven E.. Seize, Burn, Or Sink: The Thoughts and Words of Admiral Lord Horatio Nelson. 2007. Scarecrow Press. 9780810857810. 597. en.
  22. Web site: Harrison . Simon . Sir George Keith Elphinstone (1745/46-1823): Appointments . threedecks.org . S. Harrison . 24 July 2019 . 2010–2018.
  23. Book: Marshall. John. Royal Naval Biography: Or, Memoirs of the Services of All the Flag-Officers, Superannuated Rear-Admirals, Retired-Captains, Post-Captains, and Commanders. Nov 18, 2010. Cambridge University Press. 9781108022644. 145. en.
  24. Web site: Harrison . Simon . Thomas Macnamara Russell (1743-1824):Appointments . threedecks.org . S.Harrison . 24 July 2019 . 2018.
  25. Web site: Harrsion . Simon . Sir Richard John Strachan (d.1828): Appointments . threedecks.org . S. Harrison . 24 July 2019 . 2018.
  26. Book: A New Biographical Dictionary, of 3000 Cotemporary Public Characters, British and Foreign, of All Ranks and Professions. 1835. G. B. Whittaker. 36. en.
  27. Web site: Harrison . Simon . Lord Edward Pellew (1757-1833). Appointments . threedecks.org . S. Harrison . 24 July 2019 . 2018.
  28. Book: Clarke. James Stanier. McArthur. John. The Naval Chronicle: Volume 26, July-December 1811: Containing a General and Biographical History of the Royal Navy of the United Kingdom with a Variety of Original Papers on Nautical Subjects. Sep 2, 2010. Cambridge University Press. 9781108018654. 337. en.
  29. Web site: Harrison . Simon . Sir William Young (1751-1821): Appointments . threedecks.org . S. Harrison . 24 July 2019 . 2018.

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