Command-line argument parsing explained

Different command-line argument parsing methods are used by different programming languages to parse command-line arguments.

Programming languages

C

C uses argv to process command-line arguments.^{[1] [2]}

An example of C argument parsing would be:

1. include

int main (int argc, char *argv[])C also has functions called getopt and getopt_long.

C#

An example of C# argument parsing would be:class Program

Java

An example of Java argument parsing would be:public class Echo

Kotlin

Here are some possible ways to print arguments in Kotlin:^[3]

fun main(args: Array) = println(args.joinToString)

fun main(args: Array) = println(args.contentToString)

fun main(args: Array)

Perl

Perl uses @ARGV.

foreach $arg (@ARGV)GTFTorforeach $argnum (0 .. $#ARGV)ST

AWK

AWK uses ARGV also.

BEGIN

PHP

PHP uses argc as a count of arguments and argv as an array containing the values of the arguments.^{[4] [5]} To create an array from command-line arguments in the -foo:bar format, the following might be used:

$args = parseArgs($argv);echo getArg($args, "foo");

function parseArgs(array $args)

function getArg(array $args, string $arg)

PHP can also use getopt.^[6]

Python

Python uses sys.argv, e.g.:import sysfor arg in sys.argv: print arg

Python also has a module called argparse in the standard library for parsing command-line arguments.^[7]

Racket

Racket uses a current-command-line-arguments parameter, and provides a racket/cmdline^[8] library for parsing these arguments. Example:

1. lang racket

(require racket/cmdline)

(define smile? (make-parameter #t))(define nose? (make-parameter #false))(define eyes (make-parameter ":"))

(command-line #:program "emoticon"

#:once-any ; the following two are mutually exclusive [("-s" "--smile") "smile mode" (smile? #true)] [("-f" "--frown") "frown mode" (smile? #false)]

#:once-each [("-n" "--nose") "add a nose" (nose? #true)] [("-e" "--eyes") char "use <char> for the eyes" (eyes char)])

(printf "~a~a~a\n" (eyes) (if (nose?) "-" "") (if (smile?) ")" "("))The library parses long and short flags, handles arguments, allows combining short flags, and handles -h and --help automatically:$ racket /tmp/c -nfe 88-(

Rexx

Rexx uses arg, e.g.:do i=1 to words(arg(1)) say word(arg(1), i)end

Rust

The args are in env::args.^[9] use std::env;

fn main

JavaScript

Node.js

JavaScript programs written for Node.js use the process.argv global variable.^[10]

// argv.jsconsole.log(process.argv);

$ node argv.js one two three four five['node', '/home/avian/argvdemo/argv.js', 'one', 'two', 'three', 'four', 'five' ]

Node.js programs are invoked by running the interpreter node interpreter with a given file, so the first two arguments will be node and the name of the JavaScript source file. It is often useful to extract the rest of the arguments by slicing a sub-array from process.argv.^[11]

// process-args.jsconsole.log(process.argv.slice(2));

$ node process-args.js one two=three four['one', 'two=three', 'four' ]

Bun

JavaScript written for Bun use Bun.argv and the util.parseArgs function.^[12]

console.log(Bun.argv);

Deno

JavaScript written for Deno use Deno.args^[13] and the parseArgs function.^[14]

console.log(Deno.args);

Notes and References

1. Web site: The C Book — Arguments to main . Publications.gbdirect.co.uk . 2010-05-31.
2. http://cvsweb.netbsd.org/bsdweb.cgi/~checkout~/src/share/misc/style An example of parsing C arguments and options
3. Web site: Kotlin: Basic syntax . 2022-05-13.
4. Web site: PHP Manual . PHP . 2010-05-31.
5. [wikibooks:PHP Programming/CLI]
6. Web site: PHP: Getopt - Manual.
7. Web site: argparse — Parser for command-line options, arguments and sub-commands. live. Python v3.10.0 documentation. 15 October 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20121101061815/http://docs.python.org:80/3/library/argparse.html . 2012-11-01 .
8. http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/Command-Line_Parsing.html The Racket reference manual, Command-Line Parsing
9. Web site: Accepting Command Line Arguments - The Rust Programming Language . doc.rust-lang.org . 22 December 2022.
10. Web site: process.argv. Node.js v10.16.3 Documentation. 3 October 2019.
11. Web site: How to parse command line arguments. Node.js Foundation Documentation. 3 October 2019.
12. Web site: Parse command-line arguments Bun Examples . Bun . en.
13. Web site: Deno.args . docs.deno.com.
14. Web site: parseArgs from parse-args - @std/cli - JSR . jsr.io . en.