Comet (1810 schooner) explained

Comet, an American schooner, was built in 1810 at Baltimore, Maryland. She was owned by "a group of wealthy Baltimore investors."^[1] Under Captain Thomas Boyle, who was a part owner of the schooner, Comet sailed from July 1812^[2] to March 1814 as a privateer, which was a type of ships licensed by the United States during the War of 1812 to harass the British merchant vessels and divest their cargoes.

Construction

Comet was built by Thomas Kemp of Baltimore, Maryland for Captain William Furlong, who made a series of payments of $1,505. Captain Thorndike Chase paid the rest of the total cost of $3,630 in 1810, bringing his share in the schooner to a little more than half.^[3]

Career

First and Second Cruises

Comet started her career as a privateer on 12 July 1812^[4] under the command of Thomas Boyle.^[5] At first she harassed many British vessels in the Caribbean Sea. Just two weeks into her cruise as a privateer, on 26 July 1812, she took her first prize.

Her second voyage was off the coast of South America. The cruise was less successful as the prize ships she was able to capture were all retaken by the British before able to reach the United States. Comet went back into the home port of Baltimore through fog at the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay, successfully running the British blockade on 17 March 1813.

Charter of U.S. Navy

Between April and September 1813, Comet, together with three other Baltimore privateers, Revenge, Patapsco and Wasp, was chartered by the U.S. Navy for reconnaissance in the Chesapeake Bay area, with Thomas Boyle remaining in command as a sailing Master of Comet. By the end of August, all four were released from patrol duty and Comet again put to sea on 29 October 1813, returning to Beaufort, North Carolina.

Third Cruise and Engagement with Hibernia

Boyle took the Comet on a third privateering cruise, which lasted until March 1814.

On 11 January 1814, Comet encountered Hibernia, who carried 22 men and six guns on board. Two days before Comet had encountered the British merchantman Wasp west of Saba, but had sailed away when Wasp gave chase, fearing that Wasp was a warship. This time Captain Boyle was ready to take his prize. After an intense 9-hour single-ship action Hibernia succeeded in driving Comet off^[6] and left the field. Comet had three men killed and sixteen wounded. The reports of the wounded and killed on Hibernia vary greatly, depending on the side reporting the numbers. A British source^[6] reports one dead and 11 wounded, as one American book lists that eight men were killed and 13 were wounded. (The former probably is more reliable in its reporting.) As to the schooner, Comet was completely demasted and had 28 wounds in her hall with water pouring in. After overnight jury rigging, she retired to Puerto Rico and stayed there for a three-week refit. Hibernia arrived at St Thomas's that same day.^[7] Comet wasn't fit for further duties as a privateer and Boyle took a command of another famous Baltimore privateer, Chasseur.

The 1812-1814 cruises were documented by a crew member and a relative of Thomas Boyle in a book.

Later career

Little is known of Comets career after her years as a privateer.

On 12 May 1814 she was sold at Charleston, South Carolina, to New York owners. Another account report that she was purchased in 1815 by Thomas Boyle, owning 50% of the schooner, and the rest was owned by another two crew members of the 1812-1814 cruise.

List of the prizes, War of 1812

Comet took 35 prizes as a privateer. The list is:^{[8] [9]}

• Adelphi, Scottish ship, 361 tons, mounting eight long twelve-pounders, captured off the coast of Pernambuco in January 1813, laden with salt and dry-goods.^[10] Adelphi foundered on the way to Surinam; her master and crew were saved and reached there.^[11]
• Alexis, brig, of Greenock, carrying sugar, rum, cotton and coffee from Demerara, mounting ten guns, captured on 6 February 1813; later retaken by .^[12]
• , brig, retaken by and taken into St Vincents on 6 February 1813.^[13]
• Dominica Packet, brig, of Liverpool, from Demerara bound for St. Thomas with rum, sugar, cotton and coffee, mounting ten guns, captured on 6 March 1813; later retaken by HMS Variable.
• Endeavor, sloop, destroyed (Cmp)
• Enterprise, brig, ransomed
• Enterprise, schooner, sunk
• General Spooner, sloop, retaken
• General Wale, sloop, retaken
• Hannah, brig, ransomed
• Henry, new ship, captured on 26 July 1812 after a 15-minute fight, carried sugar and old Madeira wine from St Croix to London, Valued at $150,000-170,00, sent to Baltimore.^{[14] [15]}
• Hopewell, ship, 400 tons, was captured in July 1812 on her way to London from Surinam, carrying sugar, molasses, cotton, coffee and cocoa, one of her men was killed, the ship and the cargo was valued at $150,000, sent to Baltimore.
• Industry, schooner, sent in (US)
• Industry, brig, was captured on her way to London from Suriname, carrying sugar, cotton, and coffee, sent to Wilmington, North Carolina.
• Industry, sloop, burnt
• Jackman, schooner, cartel
• Jane, schooner, retaken
• John, ship, 400 tons, captured on her passage from Demerara to Liverpool on 18 September 1812, the prize was valued at $150,000-200,000 and sent to Baltimore.
• Little Cherub, sloop, given up
• Mary, sloop, foundered
• Messenger, schooner, sent to Wilmington, North Carolina.
• St. John, schooner, ransomed
• Venus, schooner, sent in
• Vigilant, schooner tender, sent to Wilmington, North Carolina.
• vessel, Puerto Rico
• 9 more vessels, destroyed

Paintings

Only one painting of Comet is available,^[16] which is an 1814 painting by Thomas Whitcombe, 12 at Midnight; the Hibernia Attempting to run the Comet at the Smithsonian National Portrait Gallery.

References

• • Cranwell, John Phillips, and William Bowers Crane (1940) Men of Marque: A History of Private Armed Vessels Out of Baltimore During the War of 1812. (W.W. Norton).
• https://books.google.com/books?id=nLgA6pC_-uwC&pg=PA28

Notes and References

1. Tabarrok. Alexander. Winter 2007. The Rise, Fall, and Rise Again of Privateers. The Independent Review. v., XI, n. 3. 565–577. 1086-1653.
2. White. Frank Jr.. Winter 1958. The COMET Harasses the British. Maryland Historical Magazine. 295–315.
3. Book: Donnelly, Mark P.. Pirates of Maryland : Plunder and High Adventure in the Chesapeake Bay.. 2014. Stackpole Books. 9780811748865. 1022787251.
4. Book: Garitee, Jerome R.. The Republic's private navy: the American privateering business as practiced by Baltimore during the war of 1812. Conn.. 1977. 0819550043. 150. 464329695.
5. Book: The cruise of the Comet : the story of a privateer of 1812, sailing from Baltimore. The privateers of 1812 series . Otis, James . Boston . Estes and Lauriat. 1898 . 13. 4057939.
6. Naval Chronicle, Vol. 31, p.192.
7. http://www.1812privateers.org/LLOYDS/1814/03-11-1814.jpg Lloyd's List №4852.
8. Cranwell and Crane (1940), pp. 377-78.
9. Book: Maclay, Edgar Stanton. A history of American privateers. New York : D. Appleton and Co.. 1899. Cornell University Library. 280–292.
10. Book: SCHARF, J. THOMAS.. CHRONICLES OF BALTIMORE : being a complete history of baltimore town and baltimore city from the ... earliest period to the present time.. Turnbull Bros.. 1874. Baltimore. 983256953.
11. https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.c2735026?urlappend=%3Bseq=111 Lloyd's List 29 June 1813, №4782.
12. Lloyd's List 18 May 1813, №4771.
13. https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.c2735026?urlappend=%3Bseq=59 Lloyd's List 30 March 1813, №4757.
14. Book: Butler, James . American bravery displayed, in the capture of fourteen hundred vessels of war and commerce, since the declaration of war by the president. 1816. Printed by George Phillips (for the author). 066547881X. 1083487993.
15. Book: Coggeshall, George. History of the American privateers, and letters-of-marque, during our war with England in the years 1812, '13, and '14. Interspersed with several naval battles between American and British ships-of-war. 1861.
16. Thomas Whitcombe (c. 1760–c. 1824), “12 at Midnight; the Hibernia Attempting to run the Comet Down,” Baltimore Heritage Digital Collections, accessed April 27, 2019, https://collection.baltimoreheritage.org/items/show/166