| Colonel Bogey March | |
| Type: | March |
| Composer: | F. J. Ricketts |
The "Colonel Bogey March" is a British march that was composed in 1914 by Lieutenant F. J. Ricketts (1881–1945) (pen name Kenneth J. Alford), a British Army bandmaster who later became the director of music for the Royal Marines at Plymouth. The march is often whistled. At the start of World War II, British soldiers sang the lyrics "Hitler Has Only Got One Ball" to accompany the tune.
The march first appeared in film when it was hummed by Michael Redgrave in Alfred Hitchcock's The Lady Vanishes in 1938. English composer Malcolm Arnold added a counter-march, which he titled "The River Kwai March", for David Lean's 1957 film The Bridge on the River Kwai, set during World War II. Empire magazine included the tune in its list of 25 of Cinema's Catchiest Earworms.[1]
Since service personnel were, at that time, not encouraged to have professional lives outside the armed forces, British Army bandmaster F. J. Ricketts published "Colonel Bogey" and his other compositions under the pseudonym Kenneth J. Alford in 1914.[2] One supposition is that the tune was inspired by a British military officer who "preferred to whistle a descending minor third" rather than shout "Fore!" when playing golf.[3] It is this descending interval that begins each line of the melody. The name "Colonel Bogey" began in the late 19th century as an imaginary "standard opponent" in assessing a player's performance,[4] and by Edwardian times the Colonel had been adopted by the golfing world as the presiding spirit of the course.[5] Edwardian golfers on both sides of the Atlantic often played matches against "Colonel Bogey".[6] Bogey is now a golfing term meaning "one over par".[7]
At the start of World War II, "Colonel Bogey" became a British institution when a popular song was set to the tune: "Hitler Has Only Got One Ball" (originally "Göring Has Only Got One Ball" after the Luftwaffe leader suffered a groin injury), essentially exalting rudeness.[8]
In 1951, during the first computer conference held in Australia, the "Colonel Bogey March" was the first music played by a computer,[9] by CSIRAC, a computer developed by the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation.
The march first appeared in film when it was hummed by Michael Redgrave (playing the cad Gilbert in his film debut) in Alfred Hitchcock's The Lady Vanishes in 1938.[10] The 1957 David Lean epic film The Bridge on the River Kwai popularized "The River Kwai March", a counter-march to Colonel Bogey March. In the 1961 film The Parent Trap, the campers at an all-girls summer camp whistle the "Colonel Bogey March" as they march through camp, mirroring the scene from The Bridge on the River Kwai.[11]
In episode 28 of The Benny Hill Show from 1976, the march was used in the Sale of the Half-Century game show sketch during a Name That Tune-style question. One of the contestants' answers was "After the Ball" after which the host (Benny Hill) responded with, "well, you're sort of half-right" referring to the anti-Hitler slur.
In the 1985 film The Breakfast Club, all the teenage main characters are whistling the tune during their Saturday detention when Principal Vernon (played by Paul Gleason) walks into the room.[12] It was also used in Short Circuit and Spaceballs.[1]
In The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air episode "I Know Why the Caged Bird Screams", the fictional ULA Peacocks have a fight song to the tune of the Colonel Bogey March. In the 2019, the Colonel Bogey March was used in the TV series The Man in the High Castle, in episode 8 of season 4. The song was featured in episode 5 of season 6 of Outlander, revealing a returning character from season 5. The song also continued through the credits. The Colonel Bogey March was used in the 2024 neo-noir television series Monsieur Spade from AMC and Canal+. Perhaps coincidentally, the main character, Sam Spade, was previously played by Humphrey Bogart, often called "Bogie".[13]
The march has been used in German commercials for Underberg digestif bitter since the 1970s,[14] and has become a classic jingle there.[15] A parody titled "Comet" is a humorous song about the ill effects of consuming the cleaning product of the same name.[16] In Indonesia this march became the jingle tune for a medicine brand called Bodrex
English composer Malcolm Arnold added a counter-march, which he titled "The River Kwai March", for the 1957 dramatic film The Bridge on the River Kwai, set during World War II. The two marches were recorded together by Mitch Miller as "March from the River Kwai – Colonel Bogey" and it reached #20 in the US in 1958. The Arnold march forms part of the orchestral concert suite made of the Arnold film score by Christopher Palmer published by Novello & Co in London.[17]
On account of the movie, the "Colonel Bogey March" is often miscredited as the "River Kwai March". While Arnold did use "Colonel Bogey" in his score for the movie, it was only the first theme and a bit of the second theme of "Colonel Bogey", whistled unaccompanied by the British prisoners several times as they marched into the prison camp. The British actor Percy Herbert, who appeared in The Bridge on the River Kwai, suggested the use of the song in the movie. According to Kevin Brownlow's interviews with the film's director David Lean, it was actually Lean who knew of the song and fought during the screenwriting process to have it whistled by the troops. He realized it had to be whistled rather than sung because the World War II-era lyrics (see "Hitler Has Only Got One Ball") were racy and would not get past the censors. Percy Herbert was used as a consultant on the film because he had first-hand experience of Japanese POW camps; he was paid an extra £5 per week by Lean.
Since the movie depicted prisoners of war held under inhumane conditions by the Japanese, Canadian officials were embarrassed in May 1980, when a military band played "Colonel Bogey" during a visit to Ottawa by Japanese prime minister Masayoshi Ōhira.[18]
S.D. Burman used this composition in the 1967 Hindi spy thriller heist film Jewel Thief. The opening lines of "Yeh Dil Na Hota Bechaara" draw inspiration from the marching song.[19] [20]