CHIME syndrome explained

CHIME syndrome
Synonyms:	Zunich neuroectodermal syndrome, Zunich–Kaye syndrome

CHIME syndrome, also known as Zunich–Kaye syndrome or Zunich neuroectodermal syndrome, is a rare congenital ichthyosis first described in 1983.^[1] The acronym CHIME is based on its main symptoms: colobomas, heart defects, ichthyosiform dermatosis, intellectual disability, and either ear defects or epilepsy.^[2] It is a congenital^[3] syndrome with only a few cases studied and published.

Symptoms and signs

Associated symptoms range from things such as colobomas of the eyes, heart defects, ichthyosiform dermatosis, intellectual disability, and ear abnormalities. Further symptoms that may be suggested include characteristic facies, hearing loss, and cleft palate.

Genetics

CHIME syndrome is considered to have an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern. This means the defective gene is located on an autosome, and two copies of the gene, one from each parent, are required to inherit the disorder. The parents of an individual with autosomal recessive disorder both carry one copy of the defective gene, but usually do not have the disorder.

Treatment

Treatment with isotretinoin may induce substantial resolution of skin lesions, but the risk of secondary infection remains.

See also

• List of cutaneous conditions

Bibliography

• Schnur RE, Greenbaum BH, Heymann WR, Christensen K, Buck AS, Reid CS . Acute lymphoblastic leukemia in a child with the CHIME neuroectodermal dysplasia syndrome . Am. J. Med. Genet. . 72 . 1 . 24–9 . 1997 . 9295069. 10.1002/(SICI)1096-8628(19971003)72:1<24::AID-AJMG5>3.0.CO;2-V.
• Shashi V, Zunich J, Kelly TE, Fryburg JS . Neuroectodermal (CHIME) syndrome: an additional case with long term follow up of all reported cases . J. Med. Genet. . 32 . 6 . 465–9 . 1995 . 7666399 . 1050487 . 10.1136/jmg.32.6.465.
• Zunich J, Esterly NB, Holbrook KA, Kaye CI . Congenital migratory ichthyosiform dermatosis with neurologic and ophthalmologic abnormalities . Arch Dermatol . 121 . 9 . 1149–56 . 1985 . 4037840 . 10.1001/archderm.121.9.1149.
• Zunich J, Esterly NB, Kaye CI . Autosomal recessive transmission of neuroectodermal syndrome . Arch Dermatol . 124 . 8 . 1188–9 . 1988 . 3041916 . 10.1001/archderm.124.8.1188.
• Zunich J, Kaye CI . Additional case report of new neuroectodermal syndrome . Am. J. Med. Genet. . 17 . 3 . 707–10 . 1984 . 6711621 . 10.1002/ajmg.1320170324 .

Notes and References

1. Zunich J, Kaye CI . New syndrome of congenital ichthyosis with neurologic abnormalities . Am. J. Med. Genet. . 15 . 2 . 331–3, 335 . 1983 . 6192719 . 10.1002/ajmg.1320150217.
2. http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?Lng=GB&Expert=3474 OrphaNet entry
3. Web site: Birth Disorder Information Directory – Z . 2007-04-22 . 2011-09-10 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110910051525/http://www.bdid.com/defectz.htm . dead .