Colletotrichum Explained

Colletotrichum (sexual stage: Glomerella) is a genus of fungi that are symbionts to plants as endophytes (living within the plant) or phytopathogens. Many of the species in this genus are plant pathogens, but some species may have a mutualistic relationship with hosts.[1]

History

The history of the Colletotrichum genus is a case study on the tension between the lumpers and splitters.[2] While the genus Colletotrichum was first proposed in 1831,[3] the exact definition of Colletotrichum and the species that belong in this genus has been in flux ever since.[4] The biggest recent shift has been from a definition (of both the genus and the species within it) based on morphology to a definition based on a combination of morphology and molecular phylogenetics.[5] The use of molecular phylogenetics has led to a huge increase in the number of recognized species in this genus, and the species are now organized into species complexes that usually have the name of their most widely known species. The name of a species when referring its namesake species complex will often have the suffix s.l. or sensu lato (in the broad sense) while that same name when referring to the specific species within the species complex will have the suffix of s.s. or sensu stricto (in the strict sense).

The most recent assessment of this genus identifies 248 species, most of which are categorized into 14 species complexes.[6] If history is any indicator of the future, then the list of species complexes and species within this genus will continue to be redefined and reorganized as more information becomes available.

Species and species complexes

Colletotrichum acutatum species complex [7]

Colletotrichum agaves species complex [6]

Colletotrichum boninense species complex [8]

Colletotrichum dematium species complex [9]

Colletotrichum destructivum species complex [10]

Colletotrichum dracaenophilum species complex [11]

Colletotrichum gigasporum species complex [12]

Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex [13]

Colletotrichum graminicola-caudatum species complex

Colletotrichum magnum species complex

Colletotrichum orbiculare species complex [6]

Colletotrichum orchidearum species complex

Colletotrichum spaethianum species complex

Colletotrichum truncatum species complex

Singleton species [6]

Species names that are no longer valid or have been synonymized

Further reading

Notes and References

  1. Rodriguez . R. . Redman . R. . More than 400 million years of evolution and some plants still can't make it on their own: plant stress tolerance via fungal symbiosis . Journal of Experimental Botany . 2008 . 59 . 5 . 1109–1114 . 10.1093/jxb/erm342 . 18267941. free .
  2. Hyde, Kevin David, Lei Cai, E. H. C. McKenzie, Y. L. Yang, J. Z. Zhang, and H. Prihastuti. 2009. Colletotrichum : a catalogue of confusion. Fungal Diversity. 39.
  3. Book: August Carl Joseph, Corda. Deutschlands Flora in Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Beschreibungen. 1831. Sturm. Jakob. 3. Nürnberg, Germany. 33–64. German.
  4. Cannon. P.F.. Damm. U.. Johnston. P.R.. Weir. B.S.. 2012. Colletotrichum – current status and future directions. Studies in Mycology. en. 73. 1 . 181–213. 10.3114/sim0014. 3458418. 23136460.
  5. Cai, L., Hyde, K.D., Taylor, P.W.J., Weir, B.S., Waller, J., Abang, M.M., Zhang, J.Z., Yang, Y.L., Phoulivong, S., Liu, Z.Y., Prihastuti, H., Shivas, R.G., McKenzie, E.H.C. and Johnston, P.R.. 2009. A polyphasic approach for studying Colletotrichum. Fungal Diversity. 39. 183–204.
  6. Bhunjun. Chitrabhanu S.. Phukhamsakda. Chayanard. Jayawardena. Ruvishika S.. Jeewon. Rajesh. Promputtha. Itthayakorn. Hyde. Kevin D.. 2021. Investigating species boundaries in Colletotrichum. Fungal Diversity. en. 107. 1. 107–127. 10.1007/s13225-021-00471-z. 233617783 . 1878-9129. subscription.
  7. Damm. U.. Cannon. P.F.. Woudenberg. J.H.C.. Crous. P.W.. 2012. The Colletotrichum acutatum species complex. Studies in Mycology. en. 73. 1 . 37–113. 10.3114/sim0010. 3458416. 23136458.
  8. Damm. U.. Cannon. P.F.. Woudenberg. J.H.C.. Johnston. P.R.. Weir. B.S.. Tan. Y.P.. Shivas. R.G.. Crous. P.W.. 2012. The Colletotrichum boninense species complex. Studies in Mycology. en. 73. 1 . 1–36. 10.3114/sim0002. 3458415. 23136457.
  9. Jayawardena RS, Hyde KD, Damm U, Cai L, Liu M, Li XH, Zhang W, Zhao WS, and Yan JY. 2016. Notes on currently accepted species of Colletotrichum. Mycosphere. 7. 8. 1192–1260. 10.5943/mycosphere/si/2c/9.
  10. Damm. U.. O'Connell. R. J.. Groenewald. J. Z.. Crous. P. W.. 2014. The Colletotrichum destructivum species complex – hemibiotrophic pathogens of forage and field crops. Studies in Mycology. en. 79. 49–84. 10.1016/j.simyco.2014.09.003. 0166-0616. 4255528. 25492986.
  11. Damm. U.. Sato. T.. Alizadeh. A.. Groenewald. J.Z.. Crous. P.W.. 2018. The Colletotrichum dracaenophilum, C. magnum and C. orchidearum species complexes. Studies in Mycology. 90. 1. 71–118. 10.1016/j.simyco.2017.11.002. 29276320 . 5738211 . 37921559 . 0166-0616. free.
  12. Liu. F.. Cai. L.. Crous. P.W.. Damm. U.. 2014. The Colletotrichum gigasporum species complex. Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi. 33. 1. 83–97. 10.3767/003158514X684447. 4312939. 25737595.
  13. Weir. B.S.. Johnston. P.R.. Damm. U.. 2012. The Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex. Studies in Mycology. en. 73. 1 . 115–180. 10.3114/sim0011. 3458417. 23136459.
  14. Aumentado, H. D. R., Armand, A., Phukhamsakda, C., Hyde, K. D., Jones, E. G., & Jayawardena, R. S. (2024). Polyphasic identification of two novel Colletotrichum species causing leaf spots on mangroves in Thailand. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 1-27.doi:10.1007/s10658-024-02819-y

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