Colleges of the University of Oxford explained

The University of Oxford has 36 colleges, three societies, and four permanent private halls (PPHs) of religious foundation.^[1] The colleges and PPHs are autonomous self-governing corporations within the university. These colleges are not only houses of residence, but have substantial responsibility for teaching undergraduate students. Generally tutorials (one of the main methods of teaching in Oxford) and classes are the responsibility of colleges, while lectures, examinations, laboratories, and the central library are run by the university. Students normally have most of their tutorials in their own college, but often have a couple of modules taught at other colleges or even at faculties and departments. Most colleges take both graduates and undergraduates, but several are for graduates only.

Undergraduate and graduate students may name preferred colleges in their applications. For undergraduate students, an increasing number of departments practise reallocation to ensure that the ratios between potential students and subject places available at each college are as uniform as possible. For the Department of Physics, reallocation is done on a random basis after a shortlist of candidates is drawn upon and before candidates are invited for interviews at the university.^[2]

For graduate students, many colleges express a preference for candidates who plan to undertake research in an area of interest of one of its fellows. St Hugh's College, for example, states that it accepts graduate students in most subjects, principally those in the fields of interest of the fellows of the college.^[3]

A typical college consists of a hall for dining, a chapel, a library, a college bar, senior, middle (postgraduate), and junior common rooms, rooms for 200–400 undergraduates, and lodgings for the head of the college and other dons. College buildings range from medieval to modern, but most are made up of interlinked quadrangles or courtyards, with a porter's lodge controlling entry from the outside.

The first modern merger of colleges was in 2008, with Green College and Templeton College merging to form Green Templeton College.^[4] The number of PPHs also reduced when Greyfriars closed in 2008^[5] and when St Benet's Hall closed in 2022.^[6] Reuben College, established in 2019,^{[7] [8]} is the first new Oxbridge college since 1990, when Kellogg College was established.^[9]

History

The collegiate system arose because Oxford University came into existence through the gradual agglomeration of numerous independent institutions. Over the centuries several different types of college have emerged and disappeared.

Monastic halls

The first academic houses were monastic halls. Of the dozens established during the 12th–15th centuries, none survived the Reformation. The modern Dominican permanent private hall of Blackfriars (1921) is a descendant of the original (1221), and is sometimes described as heir to the oldest tradition of teaching in Oxford.

Academic halls

See main article: Academic halls of the University of Oxford. As the university took shape, friction between the hundreds of students living where and how they pleased led to a decree that all undergraduates would have to reside in approved halls. What eventually put an end to the medieval halls was the emergence of colleges. Often generously endowed and with permanent teaching staff, the colleges were originally the preserve of graduate students. However, once they began accepting fee-paying undergraduates in the 14th century, the halls' days were numbered. Of the hundreds of Aularian houses (from the Latin for "hall") that sprang up, only St Edmund Hall (c. 1225) remains.

Colleges

The oldest colleges are University College, Balliol, and Merton, established between 1249 and 1264, although there is some dispute over the exact order and precisely when each began teaching. The fourth oldest college is Exeter, founded in 1314, and the fifth is Oriel, founded in 1326.

Women's colleges

See main article: Association for the Education of Women. Women entered the university in 1879, with the opening of Lady Margaret Hall and Somerville College, becoming members of the University (and thus eligible to receive degrees) in 1920. Other women's colleges before integration were St Anne's, St Hilda's and St Hugh's. In 1974 the first men's colleges to admit women were Brasenose, Hertford, Jesus, St Catherine's and Wadham.^[10] By 2008 all colleges had become co-residential, although one of the Permanent Private Halls, St Benet's Hall, did not start to admit postgraduate women until Michaelmas term 2014 and women undergraduates until Michaelmas 2016.

Postgraduate and mature colleges

Some colleges, such as Kellogg, Linacre, Nuffield, St Antony's, St Cross and Wolfson only admit postgraduate students. All Souls admits only fellows. Harris Manchester is intended for "mature students" with a minimum age of 21.^[11] The newest college of the University, Reuben College, was established in 2019 as graduate-only, enrolling its first students in 2021 using the premises of the Radcliffe Science Library.^[12]

Societies

Kellogg, Reuben and St Cross are the only Oxford colleges without a royal charter. They are officially societies of the university rather than independent colleges^[13] and are considered departments of the university for accounting purposes.^[14]

Private halls

See main article: Private halls of the University of Oxford. The Oxford University Act 1854 and the university statute De aulis privatis (On private Halls) of 1855, allowed any Master of Arts aged at least 28 years to open a private hall after obtaining a licence to do so.^[15] One such was Charsley's Hall.^[16]

Permanent private halls

The Universities Tests Act 1871 opened all university degrees and positions to men who were not members of the Church of England (subject to safeguards for religious instruction and worship), which made it possible for Catholics and Non-conformists to open private halls. The first Catholic private halls were Clarke's Hall (now Campion Hall), opened by the Jesuit Order in 1896 and Hunter Blair's Hall (later St Benet's Hall) opened by the Benedictine Order in 1899.^{[17] [18]} In 1918 the university passed a statute to allow private halls which were not run for profit to become permanent private halls and the two halls took their current names.^[17]

List of colleges

Name	Latin name	Year of Foundation	Sister college at Cambridge	Total assets^[19]	Financial endowment							Assets per student
All Souls College	Collegium Omnium Animarum Fidelium Defunctorum de Oxonia	1438	Trinity Hall	£546,604,000^[20]	£501,226,000	0	9	0	56	44	9	£51,711,000
Balliol College	Collegium Balliolensis	1263	St John's College	£147,546,000^[21]	£123,435,000	385	343	1	60	40	729	£202,000
Brasenose College	Aula regia et collegium aenei nasi	1509	Gonville and Caius College	£179,827,000^[22]	£151,293,000	360	234	3	52	48	597	£301,000
Christ Church	Ædes Christi/Ecclesia Christi Cathedralis Oxon: ex fundatione Regis Henrici Octavi	1546	Trinity College	£772,200,000^[23]	£769,800,000	442	203	0	58	42	645	£1,197,000
Corpus Christi College		1517	Corpus Christi College	£191,539,000^[24]	£166,841,000	258	98	2	59	41	358	£535,000
Exeter College	Collegium Exoniense	1314	Emmanuel College	£130,995,000^[25]	£74,876,000	343	233	26	50	50	602	£218,000
Green Templeton College		2008	St Edmund's College	£102,808,000^[26]	£1,143,000	90	439	0	57	43	529	£194,000
Harris Manchester College	Collegium de Harris et Manchester	1786 College: 1996	Homerton College	£40,301,000^[27]	£14,371,000	115	150	0	49	51	265	£152,000
Hertford College	Collegium Hertfordiense	1282 College: 1740	None	£79,183,000^[28]	£60,552,000	410	236	31	49	51	677	£117,000
Jesus College	Collegium Ihesus	1571	Jesus College	£308,251,000^[29]	£259,938,000	358	189	1	53	47	548	£562,501
Keble College	Collegium Keblense	1870	Selwyn College	£128,578,000^[30]	£50,313,000	422	369	4	60	40	795	£162,000
Kellogg College		1990 Renamed: 1994	None	^[31]		0	1155	0	62	38	1155	N/A
Lady Margaret Hall	Aula Dominae Margaretae	1878	Newnham College	£64,477,000^[32]	£36,279,000	405	212	24	47	53	641	£101,000
Linacre College		1962	Hughes Hall	£43,288,000^[33]	£27,854,000	0	587	0	52	48	587	£74,000
Lincoln College	Collegium Lincolniense	1427	Downing College	£161,414,000^[34]	£124,437,000	312	302	3	51	49	617	£262,000
Magdalen College	Collegium Beatae Mariae Magdalenae	1458	Magdalene College	£942,327,000^[35]	£710,786,000	390	178	7	59	41	575	£1,639,000
Mansfield College		1886 College: 1995	Homerton College	£30,307,000^[36]	£14,627,000	239	173	40	55	45	452	£67,000
Merton College	Domus sive collegium scholarium de Merton in universitate Oxon.	1264	Peterhouse	£298,875,000^[37]	£274,412,000	302	232	2	58	42	536	£558,000
New College	Collegium Novum/ Collegium Beatae Mariae Wynton in Oxon.	1379	King's College	£363,303,000^[38]	£303,324,000	418	295	10	55	45	723	£502,000
Nuffield College	Collegium Nuffield	1937	None	£263,017,000^[39]	£239,159,000	0	95	0	54	46	95	£2,769,000
Oriel College	Collegium Orielense	1326	Clare College	£105,618,000^[40]	£86,524,000	323	200	5	54	46	528	£200,000
Pembroke College	Collegium Pembrochianum	1624	Queens' College	£87,094,000^[41]	£58,870,000	378	220	29	51	49	627	£139,000
The Queen's College	Collegium Reginae	1341	Pembroke College	£426,250,000^[42]	£327,789,000	336	177	1	51	49	514	£829,000
Reuben College		2019 Renamed: 2020	None			0	330	0			330	N/A
St Anne's College	Collegium Sanctae Annae	1879 College: 1952	Murray Edwards College	£66,634,000^[43]	£40,574,000	439	352	37	50	50	828	£80,000
St Antony's College	Collegium Sancti Antonii	1950 College: 1963	Wolfson College	£72,393,000^[44]	£44,741,000	0	443	0	49	51	443	£163,000
St Catherine's College	Collegium Sanctae Catherinae^[45]	1868 College: 1962	Robinson College	£142,129,000^[46]	£104,305,000	505	428	50	55	45	983	£125,000
St Cross College	Collegium Sanctae Crucis Oxoniae	1965	Clare Hall			0	545	0	55	45	545	N/A
St Edmund Hall	Aula Sancti Edmundi	1278 College: 1957	Fitzwilliam College	£87,027,000^[47]	£68,248,000	396	296	40	57	43	732	£119,000
St Hilda's College	Collegium Sanctae Hildae	1893	None	£119,647,000^[48]	£56,592,000	399	183	0	49	51	582	£206,000
St Hugh's College	Collegium Sancti Hugonis	1886	Clare College	£69,374,000^[49]	£34,934,000	425	366	1	56	44	792	£88,000
St John's College	Collegium Sancti Johannis Baptistae	1555	Sidney Sussex College	£790,693,000^[50]	£712,228,000	395	236	3	50	50	634	£1,247,000
St Peter's College	Collegium Sancti Petri Juxta Ballium	1929 College: 1961	None	£78,172,000^[51]	£47,030,000	356	215	21	54	46	592	£132,000
Somerville College	Collegium de Somerville	1879	Girton College	£223,804,000^[52]	£83,663,000	425	209	0	50	50	634	£353,000
Trinity College	Collegium Sanctae et Individuae Trinitatis in Universitate Oxon. ex Fundatione Thomae Pope Militis	1555	Churchill College	£193,684,000^[53]	£164,267,000	299	135	0	54	46	434	£446,000
University College	Collegium Magnae Aulae Universitatis Oxon.	1249	Trinity Hall	£209,052,000^[54]	£125,489,000	394	224	0	59	41	618	£338,000
Wadham College	Collegium Wadhami	1610	Christ's College	£142,812,000^[55]	£105,237,000	466	208	30	51	49	704	£203,000
Wolfson College		1966 College: 1981	Darwin College	£95,187,000^[56]	£60,395,000	0	581	0	52	48	581	£141,000
Worcester College	Collegium Vigorniense	1714	St Catharine's College	£87,218,000^[57]	£48,324,000	438	179	30	50	50	647	£135,000
Total				£6,558,565,000^[58]	£5,063,168,000	11,223	10,839	401	54	46	22,984	£285,000

List of permanent private halls

See main article: Permanent private hall.

U=Undergraduates • P=Postgraduates • V=Visiting students • M=Male students • F=Female students • T=Total students
Name	Latin name	Foundation	Sister hall at Cambridge	Religious affiliation	Total assets	Financial endowment	U	P	V	M%	F%	T	Assets per student
Blackfriars Hall	Domo Fratrum Praedicatorum	1221 Refounded: 1921 PPH 1994	None	Catholic (Dominican)	^[59]		3	21	11	57	43	44
Campion Hall	Aula Privata de Campion	1896	None	Catholic (Jesuit)	^[60]		0	12	0	100	0	12
Regent's Park College	Collegium de Principis Cum Regentis Paradiso	1752 Move to Oxford: 1927 PPH: 1957	Lucy Cavendish College	Baptist	£29,024,000^[61]	£7,820,000	155	118	17	48	52	290	£100,083
Wycliffe Hall	Aula Wiclefi	1877	Ridley Hall	Anglican	£9,364,000^[62]	£560,000	65	40	53	51	49	158	£59,000
Total					£25,860,000	£4,080,000	270	247	78	53	47	517	£50,000

College and permanent private hall arms and colours

Each college and permanent private hall has its own arms, although in some cases these were assumed rather than granted by the College of Arms. Under King Henry VIII Oxford colleges were granted exemption from having their arms granted by the College of Arms; and some, like Lady Margaret Hall, have chosen to take advantage of this exemption, whilst others, such as Oriel, despite having used the arms for many centuries, have recently elected to have the arms granted officially. The blazons below are taken from the Oxford University Calendar^[63] unless otherwise indicated. Shields are emblazoned as commonly drawn, and notable inconsistencies between blazons and emblazons (the shields as drawn) are indicated.

Each college also has its own colours used on items such as scarves and rowing blades.

Notes

Heads of Houses

The senior member of each college is an officer known generically as the Head of House. Their specific title varies from college to college as indicated in the list below. While the Head of House will usually be an academic, it is not uncommon for a person to be appointed who has had a distinguished career outside academic circles.

For a list of current Heads of Houses, see Heads of Houses.

• Principal: Brasenose, Green Templeton, Harris Manchester, Hertford, Jesus College, Lady Margaret Hall, Linacre, Mansfield, St Anne's, St Edmund Hall, St Hilda's, St Hugh's, Somerville, Regent's Park, St Stephen's House, and Wycliffe Hall
• Master: Balliol, Pembroke, St Catherine's, St Cross, St Peter's, University College, and Campion Hall
• Warden: All Souls, Keble, Merton, New College, Nuffield, St Antony's, and Wadham.
• President: Corpus Christi, Kellogg, Magdalen, Reuben, St John's, Trinity, and Wolfson
• Provost: Oriel, The Queen's College, and Worcester
• Rector: Exeter and Lincoln
• Dean: Christ Church
• Regent: Blackfriars

The dean of Christ Church is head of both the college and the cathedral. The president of Kellogg College is also the director of the Department for Continuing Education.

Finances

As of 2019 the accounts of the Oxford colleges included total assets of £6.6 billion.^[58] This figure does not reflect all the assets held by the colleges as their accounts do not include the cost or value of many of their main sites or heritage assets such as works of art or libraries.^[76] The total endowments of the colleges were £5.1 billion as of 2019.^[58] Individual college endowments ranged from £1.2m (Green Templeton) to £577.6 million (Christ Church).^{[26] [23]}

Academic rankings

For some years, an unofficial ranking of undergraduate colleges by performance in Final Honour Schools examinations, known as the Norrington Table, was published annually. As the table only took into account the examination results for the year of publication, college rankings could fluctuate considerably.

Beginning in 2005, the University of Oxford started publishing a list of colleges classified by a "Norrington Score", effectively replicating the Norrington Table. The university claims to have published the results "in the interests of openness". Although the university says that the college listings are "not very significant", the 2005 table was the first Norrington Table with official data and also probably the first to be accurate. Dame Fiona Caldicott, the Chairman of the Conference of Colleges, said that in previous years some students had used the Data Protection Act 1998 to ensure their results were not published, rendering the unofficial tables inaccurate.^[77]

College rivalries

A tradition of the university is a friendly rivalry between colleges. Often, two neighbouring colleges will be rivals, and each college will pride itself in its athletic victories over the other one. Examples include:

• Jesus and Exeter^[78]
• Brasenose and Lincoln^[79]
• Balliol and Trinity^[80]
• Christ Church and Pembroke^[81]
• Keble and St John's^{[82] [83]}
• St Catherine's and Magdalen^[84]
• St Hugh's and St Anne's.^[85]

Architectural influence

See main article: Collegiate Gothic.

The Oxford and Cambridge colleges have served as an architectural inspiration for Collegiate Gothic Architecture, used by a number of American universities including Princeton University and Washington University in St. Louis since the late nineteenth century.^{[86] [87]}

See also

• List of fictional Oxford colleges
• Oxford scarf colours
• List of Oxbridge sister colleges
• Colleges of the University of Cambridge
• Colleges of Durham University
• Colleges of the University of York

Notes and References

1. Web site: Organisation University of Oxford . 2024-06-14 . www.ox.ac.uk . en . 28 January 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160128011517/http://www.ox.ac.uk/about/organisation . live .
2. Web site: Admissions procedures for Physics courses . The University of Oxford Department of Physics . 11 June 2016 . 10 May 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210510053109/https://www2.physics.ox.ac.uk/study-here/undergraduates/applications/admissions-procedures-for-physics . live .
3. Web site: Graduate study at St Hugh's . . 11 June 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160602122524/http://www.st-hughs.ox.ac.uk/prospectivestudents/graduate/graduate-courses/ . 2 June 2016 . dead . dmy-all .
4. Web site: The merger . Green Templeton College, University of Oxford . 11 June 2016 . 24 July 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160724082406/http://www.gtc.ox.ac.uk/about-gtc/history-and-architecture/the-merger.html . live .
5. Closure of Greyfriars: University Statement . 25 October 2007 . https://web.archive.org/web/20131029210602/http://www.ox.ac.uk/media/news_stories/2007/251007.html . 29 October 2013 . University of Oxford . 11 June 2016.
6. Web site: Kenny . Samuel . St Hilda's buys St Benet's Hall's buildings . Oxford Student . 28 September 2022 . 7 November 2022 . 7 November 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221107220128/https://www.oxfordstudent.com/2022/09/28/st-hildas-buys-st-benets-halls-buildings/ . live .
7. News: University of Oxford. 11 June 2020. Reuben Foundation donates £80 million for first new Oxford college in 30 years. 1 July 2020. 1 July 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200701212454/http://www.ox.ac.uk/news/2020-06-11-reuben-foundation-donates-80-million-first-new-oxford-college-30-years. live.
8. Web site: Oxford University Statutes & Regulations, Statute V: Colleges, Societies, and Permanent Private Halls . . 7 May 2019 . 15 June 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190615065633/https://www.admin.ox.ac.uk/statutes/782-121.shtml . live .
9. News: New college planned for Oxford University. 2018-08-20. 2019-11-28. en-GB. 29 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190429033521/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-oxfordshire-45246899. live.
10. Web site: Women at Oxford . . 12 June 2016 . 7 May 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180507034832/http://www.ox.ac.uk/about/oxford-people/women-at-oxford . live .
11. Web site: A College for students 21 and over. Harris Manchester College. 2016-06-12. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20160408055753/http://www.hmc.ox.ac.uk/pages/default.asp?id=1&sID=12. 8 April 2016. dmy-all.
12. Web site: Parks College. University of Oxford. 1 December 2019. 21 July 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190721205254/http://www.ox.ac.uk/about/organisation/future-projects-parks-college. live.
13. Web site: Statute V: Colleges, Societies, and Permanent Private Halls. University of Oxford. 2024-05-14. https://web.archive.org/web/20200416181134/https://governance.admin.ox.ac.uk/legislation/statute-v-colleges-societies-and-permanent-private-halls. 16 April 2020. live.
14. Web site: Financial Statements of the Oxford Colleges (2016–17) . University of Oxford . 18 August 2018 . 12 June 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200612112852/https://www.ox.ac.uk/about/organisation/finance-and-funding/financial-statements-oxford-colleges-2016-17?wssl=1 . live .
15. Book: Statuta Universitatis Oxoniensis. la. Oxford University Statutes. 6 September 2018. 1876. University of Oxford. 275–279. 14 June 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240614144304/https://books.google.com/books?id=O_kHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PR1#v=onepage&q&f=false. live.
16. William Geddie, Chambers's Encyclopaedia, Volume 7 (1874), p. 174: "To these may be added Charsley's Hall, being a private hall under the mastership of WH Charsley, in virtue of a statute passed in 1854..."
17. Web site: Victoria County History. british-history.ac.uk. 7 September 2018. 10 August 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180810110448/https://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/oxon/vol3/pp339-340. live.
18. Web site: Victoria County History. british-history.ac.uk. 7 September 2018. 7 September 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180907144810/https://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/oxon/vol3/pp340-341. live.
19. Web site: Financial Statements of the Oxford Colleges (2019–20) | University of Oxford . Ox.ac.uk . 31 July 2020 . 26 March 2021 . 6 October 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231006114938/https://www.ox.ac.uk/about/organisation/finance-and-funding/financial-statements-oxford-colleges-2019-20?wssl=1 . live .
20. Web site: All Souls College : Annual Report and Financial Statements for the year ended 31 July 2022. ox.ac.uk. 50. 26 March 2021. 23 December 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231223172515/http://d307gmaoxpdmsg.cloudfront.net/collegeaccounts2122/Allsouls.pdf. live.
21. Web site: Balliol College : Annual Report and Financial Statements for the year ended 31 July 2020. ox.ac.uk. 22. 26 March 2021. 21 April 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220421113228/http://d307gmaoxpdmsg.cloudfront.net/collegeaccounts1920/Balliol.pdf. live.
22. Web site: Brasenose College : Trustee Report and Accounts : For the year ended 31 July 2020. ox.ac.uk. 25. 26 March 2021. 13 November 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221113140823/http://d307gmaoxpdmsg.cloudfront.net/collegeaccounts1920/Brasenose.pdf. live.
23. Web site: Christ Church Oxford : Annual Report and Financial Statements : Year ended 31 July 2022. ox.ac.uk. 21. 26 March 2021. 13 December 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231213150249/http://d307gmaoxpdmsg.cloudfront.net/collegeaccounts2122/Christ_Church.pdf. live.
24. Web site: Corpus Christi College, Oxford : Annual Report & Financial Statements : Year ended 31 July 2020. ox.ac.uk. 43. 26 March 2021. 21 April 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220421113234/http://d307gmaoxpdmsg.cloudfront.net/collegeaccounts1920/Corpus_Christi.pdf. live.
25. Web site: Exeter College : Annual Report and Financial Statements : Year ended 31 July 2020. ox.ac.uk. 25. 26 March 2021. 21 April 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220421113234/http://d307gmaoxpdmsg.cloudfront.net/collegeaccounts1920/Exeter.pdf. live.
26. Web site: Green Templeton College : Annual Report and Financial Statements : Year ended 31 July 2020. ox.ac.uk. 20. 26 March 2021. 14 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230214101901/http://d307gmaoxpdmsg.cloudfront.net/collegeaccounts1920/Green_Templeton.pdf. live.
27. Web site: Harris Manchester College : Annual Report and Financial Statements : Year ended 31 July 2020. ox.ac.uk. 20. 26 March 2021. 13 November 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221113140823/http://d307gmaoxpdmsg.cloudfront.net/collegeaccounts1920/Harris_Manchester.pdf. live.
28. Web site: Hertford College : Annual Report and Financial Statements : Year ended 31 July 2020. ox.ac.uk. 23. 26 March 2021. 13 November 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221113140823/http://d307gmaoxpdmsg.cloudfront.net/collegeaccounts1920/Hertford.pdf. live.
29. Web site: Jesus College Oxford : Annual Report and Financial Statements : Year ended 31 July 2022. ox.ac.uk. 28 July 2023. 26 December 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231226065146/http://d307gmaoxpdmsg.cloudfront.net/collegeaccounts2122/Jesus.pdf. live.
30. Web site: Keble College : Annual Report and Financial Statements : Year ended 31 July 2020. ox.ac.uk. 22. 26 March 2021. 13 November 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221113140823/http://d307gmaoxpdmsg.cloudfront.net/collegeaccounts1920/Keble.pdf. live.
31. The financial statements of Kellogg College, Reuben College and St Cross College, due to their not having Royal Charters, are incorporated into the university's own accounts.
32. Web site: Lady Margaret Hall : Annual Report and Financial Statements : Year ended 31 July 2020. ox.ac.uk. 27. 26 March 2021. 13 November 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221113140823/http://d307gmaoxpdmsg.cloudfront.net/collegeaccounts1920/LMH.pdf. live.
33. Web site: Linacre College : Annual Report and Financial Statements : Year ended 31 July 2022. ox.ac.uk. 27. 28 July 2023. 4 April 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230404040325/https://www.linacre.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/report_and_accounts_of_linacre_college_2021.22_final_28.11.pdf. dead.
34. Web site: Lincoln College : Annual Report and Financial Statements : Year ended 31 July 2020. ox.ac.uk. 38. 26 March 2021. 24 December 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221224035202/http://d307gmaoxpdmsg.cloudfront.net/collegeaccounts1920/Lincoln.pdf. live.
35. Web site: Magdalen College : Report and Financial Statements for the Year Ended 31 July 2022. ox.ac.uk. 27. 18 March 2023. 11 August 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230811154838/http://d307gmaoxpdmsg.cloudfront.net/collegeaccounts2122/Magdalen.pdf. live.
36. Web site: Mansfield College : Annual Report and Financial Statements : Year ended 31 July 2020. ox.ac.uk. 19. 26 March 2021. 24 December 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221224035202/http://d307gmaoxpdmsg.cloudfront.net/collegeaccounts1920/Mansfield.pdf. live.
37. Web site: Merton College : Annual Report and Financial Statements : Year ended 31 July 2020. ox.ac.uk. 40. 26 March 2021. 24 December 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221224035202/http://d307gmaoxpdmsg.cloudfront.net/collegeaccounts1920/Merton.pdf. live.
38. Web site: New College : Annual Report and Financial Statements : Year ended 31 July 2022. ox.ac.uk. 22. 26 March 2021. 20 November 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231120111041/http://d307gmaoxpdmsg.cloudfront.net/collegeaccounts2122/New.pdf. live.
39. Web site: Nuffield College University of Oxford : Annual Report and Financial Statements : Year ended 31 July 2020. ox.ac.uk. 21. 26 March 2021. 21 April 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220421113231/http://d307gmaoxpdmsg.cloudfront.net/collegeaccounts1920/Nuffield.pdf. live.
40. Web site: Oriel College : Trustees' Annual Report & Financial Statements : Year ended 31 July 2020. ox.ac.uk. 33. 26 March 2021. 20 May 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210520193618/http://d307gmaoxpdmsg.cloudfront.net/collegeaccounts1920/Oriel.pdf. live.
41. Web site: Pembroke College : Annual Report and Financial Statements : Year ended 31 July 2020. ox.ac.uk. 23. 26 March 2021. 13 November 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221113140823/http://d307gmaoxpdmsg.cloudfront.net/collegeaccounts1920/Pembroke.pdf. live.
42. Web site: The Queen's College Oxford : Annual Report and Financial Statements : Year ended 31 July 2022. ox.ac.uk. 20. 26 March 2021. 20 November 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231120114419/http://d307gmaoxpdmsg.cloudfront.net/collegeaccounts2122/Queens_College.pdf. live.
43. Web site: St Anne's College : Annual Report and Financial Statements : Year ended 31 July 2020. ox.ac.uk. 29. 26 March 2021. 6 October 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231006114939/http://d307gmaoxpdmsg.cloudfront.net/collegeaccounts1920/St_Annes.pdf. live.
44. Web site: St Antony's College : Annual Report and Financial Statements : Year ended 31 July 2020. ox.ac.uk. 20. 26 March 2021. 21 April 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220421113240/http://d307gmaoxpdmsg.cloudfront.net/collegeaccounts1920/St_Antonys.pdf. live.
45. Web site: College and PPH Names in Latin. University of Oxford. . June 2024.
46. Web site: St Catherine's College : Financial Statements : Year ended 31 July 2022 . 1 May 2023 . ox.ac.uk . 26 . 24 December 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231224080932/https://d307gmaoxpdmsg.cloudfront.net/collegeaccounts2122/St_Catherines.pdf . live .
47. Web site: St Edmund Hall : Annual Report and Financial Statements : Year ended 31 July 2020. ox.ac.uk. 19. 26 March 2021. 21 April 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220421113229/http://d307gmaoxpdmsg.cloudfront.net/collegeaccounts1920/St_Edmund_Hall.pdf. live.
48. Web site: St Hilda's College : Annual Report and Financial Statements : Year ended 31 July 2020. ox.ac.uk. 25. 26 March 2021. 13 November 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221113140823/http://d307gmaoxpdmsg.cloudfront.net/collegeaccounts1920/St_Hildas.pdf. live.
49. Web site: St Hugh's College : Annual Report and Financial Statements : Year ended 31 July 2020. ox.ac.uk. 25. 26 March 2021. 24 December 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221224035158/http://d307gmaoxpdmsg.cloudfront.net/collegeaccounts1920/St_Hughs.pdf. live.
50. Web site: Saint John Baptist College in the University of Oxford : Annual Report and Financial Statements : Year ended 31 July 2022. ox.ac.uk. 18. 26 March 2021. 18 October 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231018032546/http://d307gmaoxpdmsg.cloudfront.net/collegeaccounts2122/St_Johns.pdf. live.
51. Web site: St Peter's College University of Oxford : Annual Report & Financial Statements : For the year ended 31 July 2020. ox.ac.uk. 13. 26 March 2021. 21 April 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220421113257/http://d307gmaoxpdmsg.cloudfront.net/collegeaccounts1920/St_Peters.pdf. live.
52. Web site: Somerville College : Annual Report and Financial Statements : Year ended 31 July 2020. ox.ac.uk. 21. 26 March 2021. 7 May 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210507054414/http://d307gmaoxpdmsg.cloudfront.net/collegeaccounts1920/Somerville.pdf. live.
53. Web site: Trinity College : Annual Report and Financial Statements : Year ended 31 July 2020. ox.ac.uk. 20. 26 March 2021. 21 April 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220421113225/http://d307gmaoxpdmsg.cloudfront.net/collegeaccounts1920/Trinity.pdf. live.
54. Web site: University College Oxford : Annual Report and Financial Statements : Year ended 31 July 2020. ox.ac.uk. 29. 26 March 2021. 21 April 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220421113223/http://d307gmaoxpdmsg.cloudfront.net/collegeaccounts1920/University.pdf. live.
55. Web site: Wadham College : Annual Report and Financial Statements : Year ended 31 July 2020. ox.ac.uk. 20. 26 March 2021. 13 November 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221113140823/http://d307gmaoxpdmsg.cloudfront.net/collegeaccounts1920/Wadham.pdf. live.
56. Web site: Wolfson College : Annual Report and Financial Statements : Year ended 31 July 2021. ox.ac.uk. 23. 7 November 2022. 22 December 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221222050607/http://d307gmaoxpdmsg.cloudfront.net/collegeaccounts2021/Wolfson.pdf. live.
57. Web site: Worcester College : Annual Report and Financial Statements : Year ended 31 July 2020. ox.ac.uk. 23. 26 March 2021. 14 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230214101901/http://d307gmaoxpdmsg.cloudfront.net/collegeaccounts1920/Worcester.pdf. live.
58. Web site: AGGREGATED COLLEGE ACCOUNTS For the year ended 31 July 2020. ox.ac.uk. 2. 26 March 2021. 13 November 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221113140823/http://d307gmaoxpdmsg.cloudfront.net/collegeaccounts1920/aggregated.pdf. live.
59. Blackfriars Hall is operated by the English Province of the Order of Preachers, part of the Dominican Order, who also run several priories and other charitable operations. The hall does not have assets or endowments specific to it that shown in the order's accounts.
60. Campion Hall is one of several institutions operated by the Society Of Jesus Trust Of 1929 For Roman Catholic Purposes. The hall does not have assets or endowments specific to it that are shown in the society's accounts.
61. Web site: Charity . Commission . 30 January 2024 . Regent's Park College - Assets and Liabilities . https://web.archive.org/web/20240614144249/https://register-of-charities.charitycommission.gov.uk/charity-search/-/charity-details/5126765/assets-and-liabilities . 14 June 2024 . 2024-01-30 . charitycommission.gov.uk . live .
62. Web site: Wycliffe Hall : Annual Report and Financial Statements : Year ended 30 June 2015. 13. charitycommission.gov.uk. 2016-09-25. 10 May 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170510074301/http://apps.charitycommission.gov.uk/Accounts/Ends92/0001156892_AC_20150630_E_C.pdf. dead.
63. Book: University of Oxford Calendar 2010–2011. Oxford University Press. 2010. 978-0-19-958663-9.
64. Brasenose: the blazon of the arms of the See of Lincoln given here differs from that at Lincoln College; the two forms are simply interpretations of the simpler blazon gules, two lions passant gardant or, in a chief azure Our Lady sitting with her Babe, crown and sceptre of the second.
65. Web site: Boat Club . . 2016-06-08 . 14 June 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240614144235/https://www.chch.ox.ac.uk/college/boat-club . live .
66. Lincoln: although the three stags are blazoned as trippant argent attired or they are universally drawn as statant or. See also note on Brasenose above.
67. Nuffield: uniquely among the Oxford colleges the blazon of Nuffield recorded in the University Calendar also describes its crest.
68. Queens: the depiction of the pierced mullet is quite variable; a mullet of six points is common and the piercing is sometimes indicated schematically.
69. Worcester: although the six martlets are blazoned as gules (red) they are usually (but not always) drawn as sable (black).
70. Blackfriars: the blazon used here is that of the Dominican Order. Blackfriars also uses their simpler shield, blazoned as sable, a pile inverted argent.
71. Encyclopedia: Hibbert . Christopher . The Encyclopaedia of Oxford . 172 . Heraldry . 1988 . Macmillan . London .
72. Campion: the phrase billets of the Weld used in the Calendar appears to be a misprint for billets of the field.
73. Web site: January 2021 Newsletter (No. 63) . College of Arms . 29 July 2021 . 30 July 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210730195255/https://www.college-of-arms.gov.uk/news-grants/newsletter/item/184-january-2021-newsletter-no-63 . live .
74. St Stephen's: the current arms were granted in 2021; before this the hall used the assumed arms gules a celestial crown between three bezants two and one or, on a chief sable an apostolic eagle between two crosses crosslet or.
75. Wycliffe: the blazon used here is simply a description of the shield as usually drawn.
76. Web site: Oxford and Cambridge university colleges hold £21bn in riches. The Guardian. 28 May 2018. 7 March 2019. 3 June 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190603202132/https://www.theguardian.com/education/2018/may/28/oxford-and-cambridge-university-colleges-hold-21bn-in-riches. live.
77. News: Oxford publishes college rankings. BBC News. 2005-09-06. 2010-04-30. 22 December 2007. https://web.archive.org/web/20071222072732/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/education/4220284.stm. live.
78. News: Oxford at War? . . 1999 . Oxford Student Services Limited . dmy-all .
79. Web site: 'Ivy Beer on Ascension Day', Brasenose College. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20090801051854/http://www.bnc.ox.ac.uk/345/brasenose-college-archives-and-history-38/brasenose-traditions-and-legends-215/ivy-beer-on-ascension-day-418.html. 1 August 2009. dmy-all.
80. Clare Hopkins and Bryan Ward-Perkins, "The Trinity/Balliol Feud", Trinity College Oxford Report (1989–90), pp. 45–66.
81. Book: Horan, David . 1999 . Oxford: A Cultural and Literary Companion . Interlink Books . 151–152 . 1566563488 . 23 September 2020 . 14 June 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240614144306/https://books.google.com/books?id=wR8nb-LYHBMC&pg=PA151#v=onepage&q&f=false . live .
82. Web site: Keble into semi-finals. 22 February 2013. The Oxford Student. Official Student Newspaper. 13 June 2016. 10 May 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170510085634/http://oxfordstudent.com/2013/02/22/keble-into-semi-finals/. live.
83. Web site: St. John's Says Keble Is Not Rival-Worthy Enough. 21 February 2008. The Cherwell. Official Student Newspaper. 13 June 2016. 14 June 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240614144325/https://www.cherwell.org/2008/02/21/st-johns-says-keble-is-not-rivalworthy-enough/. live.
84. Web site: Hilton. Nick. 2013-02-12. St Catz declares war on Magdalen. 2020-06-12. Cherwell. en-GB. 12 June 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200612220426/https://cherwell.org/2013/02/12/st-catz-declares-war-on-magdalen/. live.
85. Web site: Jakati . Rahul . 2023-02-20 . World War OX2: St Hugh's college steals St Anne's beaver amidst declarations of war . 2023-07-21 . Cherwell . en-GB . 21 July 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230721174018/https://cherwell.org/2023/02/20/world-war-ox2-st-hughs-college-steals-st-annes-beaver-amidst-declarations-of-war/ . live .
86. Web site: Princeton Architectural History. etcweb.princeton.edu. 2019-08-19. 17 September 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180917015219/http://etcweb.princeton.edu/CampusWWW/Otherdocs/setting.html. dead.
87. Web site: Danforth Campus. Washington University in St. Louis. en-US. 2019-08-19. 16 February 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160216082207/https://wustl.edu/about/campuses/danforth-campus/. live.