Coinage shapes explained

Although the vast majority of coins are round, coins are made in a variety of other shapes, including squares, diamonds, hexagons, heptagons, octagons, decagons, and dodecagons. They have also been struck with scalloped (wavy) edges, and with holes in the middle. Coins in the shape of polygons often have rounded edges or are Reuleaux polygons.

This article focuses mainly on circulating coins; a number of non-circulating commemorative coins have been made in special shapes, including guitars, pyramids, and maps.[1] There is a list with more unusual shapes of non-circulating commemorative coins at the end of this page, that all have been issued officially by various countries.

Triangular

The Cook Islands have a circulating 2 dollar triangular coin with rounded corners.[2]

Squares and diamonds

Indo-Greek coins were often square. Aruba has a large circulating square 50 cents coin.[3]

Many countries have struck square coins with rounded corners. Some of these, such as the Netherlands zinc 5 cent coin of World War II (1941–1943)[4] and the Bangladesh 5 poisha coin (1977–1994)[5] are oriented as a square, while others, such as the Netherlands 5 cents (1913–1940),[6] the Netherlands Antilles 50 cent, the Bangladesh 5 poisha (1973–1974)[7] and the 1981 Jersey 1 pound coin,[8] are oriented as a diamond. Ceylon (the current Sri Lanka) issued its first square coin in 1909, followed by several others.[9] India has had various circulating square coins as well, like denominated 1/2 and 2 anna coins,[10] as well as 1 and 5 paisa coins.[11]

Siege money, such as Klippe coins or the siege money of Newark, was often in the shape of a lozenge (rhombus).

Pentagonal

The Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen introduced pentagonal and rial coins in 1948.[12] [13] In 2014 Transnistria was the next country to issue a circulating pentagonal 5 rubles hard plastic coin.[14]

Hexagonal

The Belgian Congo had a hexagonal 2 franc coin,[15] as did the Kingdom of Egypt (2 piastres, also known as 2 qirsh).[16] India used to have 3 paise and 20 paise coins that were hexagonal with rounded corners.[17] [18] The Burma (25 pyas) is scalloped hexagonal.[19]

Heptagonal

The Madagascar 10 ariary coin is seven-sided.[20] The British twenty pence and fifty pence coins are heptagonal Reuleaux polygons,[21] [22] as is the United Arab Emirates 50 fils coin, the Barbados one dollar coin,[23] and several coins from Botswana.[24] Many countries in the Commonwealth of Nations have issued heptagonal coins. Reuleaux polygons have constant width, which means the currency detectors in coin-operated machines do not need an extra mechanism to detect shape.[25]

Octagonal

The Chile 1 peso and 5 pesos coins issued from 1992 to 2015 are eight-sided.[26] [27] So was the old circulating Malta 25 cent coin commemorating Malta's first anniversary of the republic[28] and some California gold coins. Some other countries that have issued circulating octagonal coins are the Lebanon[29] and Sierra Leone.[30]

Nonagonal

In 1972 the first country to issue a circulating nine-sided coin was Thailand with a 1972 regular 5 baht coin,[31] followed by Kenya in 1973 with a special issue coin. The third and final circulating nonagonal coin issued in the 20th century and is the regular 1976 50 cent coin from Tuvalu.[32] Currently, the Philippines issues nonagonal 5-peso coins from 2019 as an enhanced design of the round version to make it distinct from the other denominations.[33]

Decagonal

Hong Kong issued a ten-sided 5 dollar coin from 1976 to 1979,[34] while the Philippines issued ten-sided two piso (peso) coins from 1983 to 1990.[35] Some other countries that have issued ten-sided circulation coins are Chile,[36] the Dominican Republic,[37] Jamaica[38] and Madagascar.[39]

Hendecagonal

The old Indian 2-rupee coin was eleven-sided,[40] while the Canadian one dollar coin is an eleven-sided Reuleaux polygon.[41] Also Madagascar has issued some circulating eleven-sided coins.[42]

Dodecagonal

Many countries have struck twelve-sided coins, mostly countries belonging to the Commonwealth of Nations. Several of these are threepence coins from the pre-decimal pound.[43] [44] Coins currently circulating include the British one pound coin,[45] 50 cent coins from Australia,[46] Fiji[47] and the Solomon Islands,[48] the Tongan 50 seniti coin[49] and the circulating commemorative Croatian 25 kuna coins.[50]

Tridecagonal

In 1993, the Czech Republic was the first country to issue a 13 sided 20 koruna coin.[51] In 2013, Tunisia followed with a 13-sided 200 millièmes coin.[52]

Pentadecagonal

A 5 dirham commemorative coin from the UAE in 1981 had 15 sides, commemorating the 15th century of Hejira.[53]

Scalloped

Many countries have coins with scalloped (wavy) edges. These usually have twelve bumps (e.g. the Vanuatu 100 vatu or the Hong Kong 20 cents), but can have other numbers such as eight (the Eswatini 10 cents or the Ang Bagong Lipunan Philippine five centavo coin) or sixteen (the Libya 50 dirhams).

Holed

Often a round coin will have a central hole. In some countries this was to allow them to be strung together,[54] while other reasons include difficulty of counterfeiting and ability for visually impaired people to distinguish them from other coins.[55] Some coins give the impression that holes were used to save metal, though it may not be possible to prove with certainty that this was the reason for creating the holes. An example of such a coin with a fairly large hexagonal hole is a undated tin 1 cash coin, minted in the period 1550–1596, that circulated in the Banten Sultanate on Java and Sumatra (Indonesia).[56] Also, several tin 1 pitis coins with exceptionally large round holes, of which some were made in octagonal coins, were used in Jambi Sultanate on Northern Sumatra (Indonesia).[57] Due to the soft metal tin used to make these thin old coins, they can easily be bent. In the years 1943–1947 India produced 1 pice coins for circulation with very large holes,[58] continued by Pakistan producing 1 pice coins of equal shape in the years 1948–1952.[59]

Chinese cash coins had a square hole, while many modern coins have a round hole. Examples include the Japan 5 yen coin and 50 yen coin, and the Denmark 1 krone coin.

Other shapes

Rectangles: In the Edo period Japan issued several circulating silver and gold rectangular coins,[60] [61] as well as a copper clad lead issue with a hole.[62]

Near oval: Japan also issued various near oval coins in the Edo period.[63] [64] [65]

Half circle: for Barbados Spanish coins were cut in half, it is hard to detect originals though, many forgeries exist.[66]

Additional shapes among non-circulating coins

Triangular: Bermuda has some special issue triangular coins from 1997 onward with curved edges.[67] The Isle of Man has some triangular special issue coins where the triangle is not regular (the angles are not all 60 degrees).[68]

Octagonal: The U.S. Panama–Pacific commemorative 50 dollar coins of 1915 is shaped like a true octagon.[69]

Tetradecagonal: In 1976, Malaysia was the first country to issue 14-sided coins, the non-circulating 10 (silver) and 200 (gold) ringgit.[70] Australia started to issue a series of non-circulating 14-sided 50 cents coins dedicated to the Chinese zodiac in 2012.[71]

Rectangular: Jersey[72] and Fiji[73] have issued non-circulating rectangular coins.

Oval: Fiji and Poland have issued some non-circulating oval coins.[74] [75]

Quarter circle: Poland has issued a 10 złotych coin in the shape of a quarter circle.[76]

Spheres: Niue issued the first official (non-circulating) spherical coin with a face value of 7 New Zealand dollars.[77] Several other countries followed soon with spherical coins, like Poland and Barbados. A 2008–2014 1 dollar sphere issue from Somalia is considered a fantasy coin, it was not officially issued by Somalia.[78]

Yin Yang: Fiji has issued some Yin Yang shaped coins.[79]

Arc (section of a circle with a hole): China started to issue a series of arc-shaped coins in the year 2000.[80]

Heart: Several countries have issued non-circulating heart shaped coins, like China, Cook Islands and Poland.[81]

Maps: Nauru has issued some non-circulating map shaped coins.[82] [83] Australia also has issued some non-circulating map shaped coins (1 dollar coins in the shape of the map of Australia).[84]

Coca-Cola cap: Fiji has issued some non-circulating coins shaped like the cap of a Coca-Cola bottle.[85]

Cannabis leaf: Benin issued a non-circulating 100 CFA francs coin shaped like a cannabis leaf in 2011.[86]

Masks: Fiji issued an Iron Man Mask and a Spider-Man Mask coin in 2019, both non-circulating.[87] [88]

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Plautz . Jason . 11 Unusually Shaped Coins . . 1 July 2018 . 13 May 2013.
  2. https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces4436.html 2 Dollars – Elizabeth II (3rd portrait) – Cook Islands
  3. https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces6840.html 50 Cents – Beatrix / Willem-Alexander (magnetic) – Aruba
  4. https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces1150.html 5 Cents – Wilhelmina I (German Occupation) – Netherlands – Numista
  5. https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces1978.html 5 Poisha (FAO) – Bangladesh
  6. https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces3370.html 5 Cents – Wilhelmina – Netherlands – Numista
  7. https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces6765.html 5 Poisha – Bangladesh
  8. https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces14682.html 1 Pound – Elizabeth II (Battle of Jersey) – Jersey
  9. https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces12117.html 5 Cents – Edward VII – Ceylon
  10. https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces1612.html ½ Anna – George VI – India – British
  11. https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces7179.html 1 Paisa – India
  12. https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces19672.html 1/16 Riyal – Ahmad – Mutawakkilite Kingdom
  13. https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces19674.html ⅛ Riyal – al-Nasir Ahmad bin Yahya – Mutawakkilite Kingdom
  14. https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces64483.html 5 Rubles – Transnistria
  15. https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces7011.html 2 Francs – Léopold III – Belgian Congo
  16. https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces8677.html 2 Qirsh – Farouk – Egypt
  17. https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces1847.html 3 Paise – India
  18. https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces1635.html 20 Paise – India – Numista
  19. https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces5612.html 25 Pyas – Myanmar
  20. https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces8462.html 10 Ariary (motto A) – Madagascar
  21. https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces865.html 20 Pence – Elizabeth II (2nd portrait) – United Kingdom – Numista
  22. https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces880.html 50 New Pence – Elizabeth II (2nd portrait) – United Kingdom – Numista
  23. https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces924.html 1 Dollar – (large type) – Barbados
  24. https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces5410.html 5 Thebe – Botswana
  25. Web site: Houston . Kevin . Kevin Houston (mathematician) . Curves of constant width – The 50p story . 1 July 2018 . 8 July 2011.
  26. https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces1866.html 1 Peso – Chile
  27. https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces2843.html 5 Pesos – Chile
  28. https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces4170.html 25 Cents (1st Anniversary of Republic) – Malta – Numista
  29. https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces5222.html 50 Līrah / Pounds (stainless steel) – Lebanon
  30. https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces10761.html 50 Leones – Sierra Leone
  31. https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces9431.html 5 Baht – Rama IX – Thailand
  32. https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces12142.html 1 Dollar – Elizabeth II (2nd portrait) – Tuvalu
  33. News: Lopez. Melissa. December 17, 2019. LOOK: Here are the new ₱5, ₱20 coins. CNN Philippines. September 17, 2020. October 5, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201005105906/https://cnnphilippines.com/news/2019/12/17/New-5-20-peso-coins.html?fbclid=IwAR2ffIZrYdQm8M1SlJuSUXMFD63pKn1cF4_6GBHX-9uHfqjYod_1nP_m7Ow. dead.
  34. https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces3992.html 5 Dollars – Elizabeth II (2nd portrait) – Hong Kong
  35. https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces3750.html 2 Piso – Philippines
  36. https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces2834.html 50 Pesos – Chile
  37. https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces20878.html 1 Peso (Montesinos, Enriquillo, Lemba) – Dominican Republic
  38. https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces7457.html 50 Cents (Wide legend) – Jamaica
  39. https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces10559.html 20 Ariary (motto A) – Madagascar
  40. https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces5474.html 2 Rupees (National Integration; hendecagonal type) – India
  41. https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces465.html 1 Dollar – Elizabeth II (2nd portrait) – Canada – Numista
  42. https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces1856.html 50 Ariary (motto A) – Madagascar
  43. https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces12570.html 3 Pence – George VI – Fiji
  44. https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces4936.html ¼ Shilling – Elizabeth II (1st portrait) – Jersey – Numista
  45. https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces100658.html 1 Pound – Elizabeth II (5th portrait; Nations of the Crown) – United Kingdom – Numista
  46. https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces904.html 50 Cents – Elizabeth II (2nd Portrait – Dodecagonal type) – Australia
  47. https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces4152.html 50 Cents – Elizabeth II (2nd portrait) – Fiji
  48. https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces3487.html 50 Cents – Elizabeth II (3rd portrait; non-magnetic) – Solomon Islands
  49. https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces22098.html 50 Seniti – Taufa'ahau Tupou IV – Tonga
  50. https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces11963.html 25 Kuna (Danube Region) – Croatia – Numista
  51. https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces2148.html 20 Korun – Czech Republic
  52. https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces53900.html 200 Millièmes – Tunisia – Numista
  53. https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces12137.html 5 Dirhams – Zayed (15th Hijrah Century) – United Arab Emirates – Numista
  54. Web site: Why Do Some Ancient Coins Have Holes In Them? . 3 July 2018.
  55. News: Gordenker . Alice . 5 yen and 50 yen coins . 3 July 2018 . . 20 June 2006.
  56. https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces76366.html 1 Cash – Malay peninsula
  57. https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces107489.html 1 Pitis – Malay peninsula
  58. https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces1613.html 1 Pice – George VI – India – British
  59. https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces14095.html 1 Pice – Pakistan
  60. https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces10811.html 1 Shu "Kaei Isshugin" – Japan
  61. https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces16677.html 2 Shu – Tempo (Edo mint) – Japan
  62. https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces116959.html 100 Mon "Dōzanshihō Tōhyaku" – Kubota Domain
  63. https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces175770.html Chōgin "Genbun Chōgin" (6 stamps) – Japan
  64. https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces11614.html 100 Mon "Tenpōtsūhō" – Japan
  65. https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces22799.html 1 Ryō "Man'en Koban" – Japan
  66. https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces117882.html 1 Bit – Barbados
  67. https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces18298.html 1 Dollar – Elizabeth II (Wreck of the Sea Venture) – Bermuda
  68. https://web.archive.org/web/20200711043702/https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces93324.html 1 Crown – Elizabeth II Tutankhamun: Death Mask
  69. https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces24935.html 50 Dollars (Panama–Pacific Exposition) – United States
  70. https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces17787.html 10 Ringgit – (3rd Malaysian Plan) – Malaysia
  71. https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces42984.html 50 Cents – Elizabeth II (4th Portrait – Year of the Dragon) – Australia
  72. https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces198999.html 50 Pence – Elizabeth II (The Battle of Hastings 50 Pence Silver Coin-Bar) – Jersey
  73. https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces156499.html 1 Dollar (Berlin) – Fiji
  74. https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces82769.html 10 Dollars – Elizabeth II (Apocalypse I Prophecy of Maya Calendar) – Fiji
  75. https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces28822.html 10 Złotych (Grunwald) – Poland
  76. https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces51893.html 10 Złotych (Expo 2005) – Poland – Numista
  77. https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces183881.html 7 Dollars – Elizabeth II (Seven New Wonders of The World) – Niue
  78. https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces41923.html 1 Dollar (Volume geometrical figures – Sphere) – Somalia
  79. https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces107264.html 1 Dollar (Year of the Goat) – Fiji
  80. https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces164381.html 10 Yuan (Year of the Dragon; Silver Bullion) – People's Republic of China
  81. https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces30366.html 10 Złotych (Great Orchestra of Christmas Charity) – Poland
  82. https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces54805.html 10 Dollars – Elizabeth II (German Mark) – Nauru
  83. https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces54803.html 10 Dollars – Elizabeth II (Euro Coinage) – Nauru
  84. https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces46215.html 1 Dollar – Elizabeth II (4th Portrait – World Expo – Australia Map Coin) – Australia
  85. https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces131407.html 1 Dollar (Coca-Cola) – Fiji
  86. https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces24709.html 100 Francs CFA (Cannabis Sativa) – Benin
  87. https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces185902.html 5 Dollars (Ironman Mask) – Fiji
  88. https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces185027.html 5 Dollars (Spiderman Mask) – Fiji

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