Coenonympha Explained

Coenonympha is a butterfly genus belonging to the Coenonymphina, a subtribe of the browns (Satyrinae). The latter are a subfamily of the brush-footed butterflies (Nymphalidae). As a rule, Palearctic species are colloquially called heaths, while Nearctic ones are called ringlets. Neither term is limited to members of this genus, however.

Selected species

Listed alphabetically:^[1]

• Coenonympha amaryllis Stoll, 1782
• Coenonympha ampelos Edwards, 1871 – northwest ringlet
• Coenonympha arcania (Linnaeus, 1761) – pearly heath
• Coenonympha arcanioides Pierret, 1837 – Moroccan pearly heath
• Coenonympha caeca Staudinger, 1886
• Coenonympha california Westwood, 1851 – California ringlet
• Coenonympha corinna (Hübner, 1804) – Corsican heath [Corsica, Sardinia, Elba]
• Coenonympha darwiniana Staudinger, 1871 (sometimes in C. gardetta, or C. arcania × C. gardetta)
  • Coenonympha (darwiniana) macromma Turati & Verity 1910
• Coenonympha × decolorata Wagner, 1913 (= C. mahometana × C. sunbecca)
• Coenonympha dorus (Esper, 1782) – dusky heath
• Coenonympha fettigii Oberthür, 1874
• Coenonympha gardetta (de Prunner, 1798) – Alpine heath [Alps, northern Balkans]
• Coenonympha glycerion (Borkhausen, 1788) – chestnut heath
• Coenonympha haydenii Edwards, 1872 – Hayden's ringlet, Wyoming ringlet, Yellowstone ringlet
• Coenonympha hero (Linnaeus, 1761) – scarce heath
• Coenonympha inornata Edwards, 1861 – prairie ringlet
• Coenonympha iphioides Staudinger, 1870 – Spanish heath
• Coenonympha kodiak Edwards, 1869  - Kodiak ringlet
• Coenonympha leander Esper, 1784  - Russian heath
• Coenonympha mahometana Alphéraky, 1881
• Coenonympha mangeri Bang Haas, 1927
• Coenonympha mongolica Alphéraky, 1881
• Coenonympha nipisiquit McDunnough, 1939 – maritime ringlet
• Coenonympha nolckeni Erschoff, 1874
• Coenonympha ochracea Edwards, 1861 – ocher ringlet
• Coenonympha oedippus (Fabricius, 1787) – false ringlet
• Coenonympha pamphilus (Linnaeus, 1758) – small heath
• Coenonympha pavonina Alphéraky, 1888
• Coenonympha rhodopensis Elwes, 1900 – eastern large heath [Italy, Romania, Bulgaria, Albania, N.Greece, Yugoslavia]
• Coenonympha saadi Kollar, 1849
• Coenonympha semenovi Alphéraky, 1887
• Coenonympha sinica Alphéraky, 1888
• Coenonympha sunbecca Eversmann, 1843
• Coenonympha symphita Lederer, 1870
• Coenonympha thyrsis Freyer, 1845
• Coenonympha tullia (Müller, 1764) – large heath, common ringlet
• Coenonympha tydeus Leech, 1892
• Coenonympha vaucheri Blachier, 1905 – Vaucher's heath
• Coenonympha xinjiangensis Chou & Huang, 1994

References

• "Coenonympha Hübner, [1819]"] at Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms

Notes and References

1. See references in Savela (2008)