Coelodus Explained

Coelodus is an extinct genus of marine and possibly freshwater pycnodont fish.[1] It contains only one definitive species, C. saturnus Heckel, 1854 (=C. rosthorni Heckel, 1854, C. suillus Heckel, 1854), from the Late Cretaceous (Turonian to Santonian) of Slovenia. Other species from the Late Jurassic to the Eocene have also been attributed to this genus based on isolated dental elements, but their assignment to Coelodus is uncertain, and this genus likely represents a non-monophyletic wastebasket taxon. A potential diagnostic trait is a prearticular tooth row with three regular highly elongated teeth.[2] [3] [4] [5] [6]

Taxonomy

In addition to C. saturnus, the following are all dubiously classified into this genus:[7] [8]

A number of former species in this genus based on complete fossil specimens, such as C. costae Heckel, 1856 (=C. achillis (Costa 1853), C. discus Heckel 1856, C. grandis (Costa 1855), C. pyrrhurus Heckel, 1854) C. subdiscus Wenz, 1989, C. rosadoi Silva Santos, 1963 and C. toncoensis Benedetto & Sanchez,1972 have since been reclassified into the genera Ocloedus and Costapycnodus, and many of these dentition-only taxa may belong there instead. Others, such as the former C. muensteri, are now placed in Anomoeodus.

Indeterminate remains are known from the Csehbánya Formation of Hungary and the Kem Kem Beds of Morocco.[9] [10] Notably, these formations, in addition to other formations that Coelodus remains are known from worldwide, are freshwater deposits, suggesting at a potentially amphidromous lifestyle for Coelodus given its occurrence in marine environments as well. It is possible that freshwater and brackish environments served as refugia for Coelodus, allowing for it to survive the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event.[11]

See also

Notes and References

  1. Web site: PBDB Taxon . 2024-05-24 . paleobiodb.org.
  2. Poyato-Ariza . Francisco . Wenz . Sylvie . January 2002 . A new insight into pycnodontiform fishes . Geodiversitas . 10 November 2023.
  3. Kriwet . Jürgen . 2005 . A comprehensive study of the skull and dentition of pycnodont fishes . Zitteliana . A . 45 . 135–188.
  4. Shimada . Kenshu . Williamson . Thomas E. . Sealey . Paul L. . 2010 . A new gigantic pycnodont fish from the Juana Lopez Member of the Upper Cretaceous Mancos Shale of New Mexico, U.S.A. . Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology . en . 30 . 2 . 598–603 . 10.1080/02724631003618298 . 2010JVPal..30..598S . 0272-4634.
  5. Kriwet . Jürgen . 2003 . Dental morphology of the pycnodontid fish †Stemmatodus rhombus (Agassiz 1844) (Neopterygii, †Pycnodontiformes) from the Early Cretaceous, with comments on its systematic position . Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh . en . 94 . 2 . 145–155 . 10.1017/S0263593300000560 . 1473-7116.
  6. Cawley . John J. . Marramà . Giuseppe . Carnevale . Giorgio . Villafaña . Jaime A. . López-Romero . Faviel A. . Kriwet . Jürgen . February 2021 . Rise and fall of †Pycnodontiformes: Diversity, competition and extinction of a successful fish clade . Ecology and Evolution . en . 11 . 4 . 1769–1796 . 10.1002/ece3.7168 . 33614003 . 7882952 . 2021EcoEv..11.1769C . 2045-7758.
  7. Web site: Pycnodontidae . 2024-05-24 . mayatan.web.fc2.com.
  8. Schultz . Ortwin . Paunović . Maja . Summesberger . Herbert . 1996 . Der Nachweis von Coelodus (Osteichthyes, Pycnodontidae) im Turonien (Oberkreide) von Gams bei Hieflau, Steiermark, Österreich, und aus der Oberkreide von Kroatien und Italien . Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien. Serie A für Mineralogie und Petrographie, Geologie und Paläontologie, Anthropologie und Prähistorie . 98 . 73–141 . 41701956 . 0255-0091.
  9. Szabó . Márton . Gulyás . Péter . Ősi . Attila . 2016 . Late Cretaceous (Santonian) pycnodontid (Actinopterygii, Pycnodontidae) remains from the freshwater deposits of the Csehbánya Formation, (Iharkút, Bakony Mountains, Hungary) . Annales de Paléontologie . 102 . 2 . 123–134 . 10.1016/j.annpal.2016.04.001 . 2016AnPal.102..123S . 0753-3969.
  10. Cooper . Samuel L.A. . Martill . David M. . 2020 . A diverse assemblage of pycnodont fishes (Actinopterygii, Pycnodontiformes) from the mid-Cretaceous, continental Kem Kem Group of south-east Morocco . Cretaceous Research . 112 . 104456 . 10.1016/j.cretres.2020.104456 . 2020CrRes.11204456C . 0195-6671.
  11. Cawley . John J. . Kriwet . Jürgen . 2024 . The Fossil Record and Diversity of Pycnodontiform Fishes in Non-Marine Environments . Diversity . en . 16 . 4 . 225 . 10.3390/d16040225 . free . 1424-2818.

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