Coconucan language explained

Coconuco
Nativename:Namrrik
States:Colombia
Region:Cauca Department
Ethnicity:Guambiano (Misak)
Speakers:21,000
Date:2008
Ref:e18
Familycolor:American
Fam1:Barbacoan
Lc1:gum
Ld1:Guambiano
Lc2:ttk
Ld2:Totoró
Glotto:coco1262
Glottorefname:Coconucan

Coconuco, also known as Coconucan, Guambiano and Misak, is a dialect cluster of Colombia spoken by the Guambiano indigenous people. Though the three varieties, Guambiano, moribund Totoró, and the extinct Coconuco are traditionally called languages, Adelaar & Muysken (2004) believe that they are best treated as a single language.

Totoró may be extinct; it had 4 speakers in 1998 out of an ethnic population of 4,000. Guambiano, on the other hand, is vibrant and growing.

Coconucan was for a time mistakenly included in a spurious Paezan language family, due to a purported "Moguex" (Guambiano) vocabulary that turned out to be a mix of Páez and Guambiano (Curnow 1998).

Phonology

The Guambiano inventory is as follows (Curnow & Liddicoat 1998:386).

Vowels!!Front!Central!Back
Closepronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/
Midpronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/
Backpronounced as /link/
Consonants!!Bilabial!Dental!Retroflex!Palatal!Velar
Nasalpronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/
Plosivepronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/
Affricatepronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/
Fricativepronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/
Liquidpronounced as /link/, pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/
Semivowelpronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/

Further reading