Club Necaxa Explained

Clubname:Necaxa
Fullname:Impulsora del Deportivo Necaxa S.A. de C.V.
Nickname:Los Rayos (The Lightning)
Los Electricistas (The Electricians)
Los Once Hermanos (The Eleven Brothers)
Ground:Estadio Victoria
Capacity:23,000
Owner:NX Football USA LLC (50%)[1]
Ernesto Tinajero Flores (50%)
Chairman:Ernesto Tinajero Flores
Manager:Eduardo Fentanes
League:Liga MX
Season:Clausura 2024
Position:Regular phase: 9th
Final phase: Play-in round
Current:2024–25 Club Necaxa season
Website:http://clubnecaxa.mx/v2/
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Impulsora del Deportivo Necaxa S.A. de C.V. (pronounced as /es/); often simply known as Club Necaxa, is a Mexican professional football club in Liga MX based in the city of Aguascalientes. It plays in the Estadio Victoria.

History

Foundation (Light and Power Company, Luz y Fuerza) (1899–1920)

Necaxa was founded on 21 August 1923 by Scotsman William H. Fraser, an engineer and owner of the Light and Power Company (Compañía de Luz y Fuerza) in the state of Puebla. As a student in Scotland Fraser played football and was a strong advocate for the sport. Fraser consolidated the teams of the Light and Power Company and the Street Car operators Compañia de Luz y Fuerza and Tranvías into one.

Fraser supported the newly merged team with company revenue and funds. In addition, the Light and Power Company offered steady employment to players in an era where half of the players were playing at an amateur level.[2] However, the Mexican football federation did not allow teams to be named after private companies, so the team changed its name to Necaxa, after the Necaxa River that was close to the electrical plant.

Historians assert that the colors and Necaxa's crest came from following the arrival of the Cornish community in Mexico,[3] the Cornish community flourished and stayed in Central Mexico until the Mexican Revolution in 1910. Although the Cornish community in Mexico broadly returned to Cornwall, they left a cultural legacy; Cornish pasties, Cornish mining museums, a Cornish Mexican Cultural Society and football, are part of the local heritage and tradition in and around Mineral del Monte.[4] In 1923, it was decided Necaxa team would field players regardless of race and nationality.

In that era, the team was called "Los Electricistas" (The Electricians). The team adopted the colors red and white as their team colors, earning them the nickname "Los roji-blancos". During this period, the oldest rivalry in Mexican football began to form, between Necaxa and Atlante F.C.

On 14 September 1930, having already been a 2-time champion of the amateur Copa Eliminatoria, Necaxa inaugurated its stadium named Parque Necaxa, located on the banks of La Piedad River on land donated by the Fraser Family. The stadium had a maximum capacity for 15,000 fans, and was known for its clock tower displaying the team's emblem.

Necaxa, in the early days of Mexican Football were members of the Mexican Amateur Association Football League Liga Mexicana de Fútbol Amateur Association, composed of Atlante F.C., Club España, Germania FV, and seasoned and disciplined team Asturias. Necaxa won championships during the 1932–33, 1934–35, 1936–37, 1937–38 seasons.[5]

The following season after the stadium's opening, players such as Hilario López and Luis Pérez contributed to the team's success, leading Necaxa to the League final against Atlante, losing 3–2.

But Necaxa would rebound the next season, smashing Atlante by a 9–0 score. The line-up Necaxa used on that day was the following:

Mexico  Foreign

During this decade, Necaxa became one of the most popular teams in Mexico. Under the direction of the Ernst Pauler, Necaxa, in one season of play (1935–36), the team dominated and won titles ranging from Champion of Champions, Champion of the Liga Mayor De La Ciudad, National Champion of League, National Champion and Central American Champions. Their last title was the Central American Championship in El Salvador.

1935 Caribbean games lineup

Mexico

  • Raúl "Pipiolo" Estrada
    • Alfonso Riestra
  • Antonio "Toño" Azpiri
  • Lorenzo "Abuelo" Camarena
  • Miguel Pizano
  • Guillermo "Perro" Ortega
  • Ignacio "Calavera" Avila
 

"Paco" Martinez de la Vega, an aficionado, would coin the surname for the very first time "Campeonismo" or "Championshipism", which Necaxa would later use to justify their achievements and titles.[2]

Late 1930s: Once Hermanos

Following the Mexican Revolution, the late 1930s represented Necaxa's most successful all-Mexican team. The Once Hermanos or "Eleven Brothers" period was coined in that era due to that team's ability to work as a team. The Necaxa team, in 1936, won the Copa México.

In that same year, a talented striker gained popularity within Necaxa's benches. Even though he was not one of the original "once hermano" or "eleventh brother" Horacio Casarìn, was a great player in the Mexican league national ranks. His success took him to the big screen in Mexican Cinema.[2]

Necaxa's "Once Hermanos" lineup

 
  • Lorenzo "Abuelo" Camarena
  • Ignacio "Calavera" Ávila
  • Marcial "Ranchero" Ortiz
  • Chino López
  • Ivan Vázquez Morales
  • Gerardo "Day" Madriz

1940s brief hiatus

Necaxa disappears from competitive play within the Mexican League in 1943[7] altogether due to the professionalization of Mexican Football. It would be half a decade before the Necaxa emblem and uniform would be represented on the field again.[2]

1950-60s resurgence

Seven years later, Club Necaxa returned to play under the conditions of the commercialization of the Mexican league. Under the new ownership of the Union of Electricians and Juan Jose Rivas Rojas, Club Necaxa played their first game on 25 September 1950 in the old district of Oblatos, in a stadium called Parque Oblatos or "Oblatos Stadium" otherwise called the Municipal Stadium of Felipe Martinez Sandoval in Guadalajara, Mexico. This park inaugurated Necaxa's comeback to football. In the fifties, Necaxa were tenants and played in the Federal District of Mexico City in present-day Estadio Azul (1950–55).

In the late sixties, Necaxa played football in Estadio Azteca in Mexico City. A modern lighting system in Estadio Azteca was inaugurated on 5 June 1966 with the first night game between Valencia CF and Necaxa. The first goal of the game was scored by Honduran José Cardona. In this game Roberto Martínez o Caña Brava scored the first goal made by a Mexican. Estadio Azteca was the largest stadium in Latin America, and the fifth largest stadium in the world. It is known throughout North America and South America as the home stadium for the Mexico national football team.

Throughout the 1950s Necaxa struggled financially to keep afloat. In 1955, large debts obliged Necaxa to sell the majority of its star players. Miguel Ramierz Vazquez a new owner, contracted the services of the Uruguayan coach Donald Ross, who eventually took Guadalajara to a championship 1957, beginning a road to stability, yet not winning championships.

The electricians won the Title cup in 1960 and the following year, in the Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico Olympic stadium, "the electricians" defeated Rey Pele and the club and team of the Santos of Brazil 4–3 in an official match of that year's "Exagonal" tournament. "Morocho" Dante Juarez assisted in two victorious goals in Necaxa's win over the Santos de Brazil.

Through the early 1960s, Necaxa struggled financially until it was sold. New owners, Julio Orvañanos, brought a championship in 1965–66.[2]

Mexico 68 and Carlos Albert vs Necaxa

In this decade, the organization was in financial trouble. The team had poor attendance in Mexico City due to the population unrest.

The case of Carlos Albert begins with a small group of veteran footballers in the spring of 1969. Club Necaxa Veteran players petitioned the organization for better wages and argued that as a team and group, they have always responded to the team's performance. Carlos Albert was the face of the disagreement between the players and management.

Albert was listed by Necaxa Management as transferable and was retained on half his salary. He asked management to void his contract in order, to avoid loss of income and to be able to continue playing in the League with another team. Necaxa Management did not accept his request.

The courts ruled in favour of Albert on Thursday 8 October 1971, and Necaxa was forced to pay MX$77,000 to Carlos Albert. Due to the will of managements unfair psychological abuse and labour malpractice, This case forced a cause to action from several players to request better treatment and more rights for Necaxa football players.

Atlético Español 1971 to 1982

On 19 September 1971, Club Necaxa experienced financial trouble and became in debt with players and management. The owners sold the club to a group of businessmen from Spain. The ownership handled the player contracts, disputes and the franchises debt. The new Spanish ownership restructured contracts and made Club Necaxa solvent. The club played under the name of the Spanish Athletic Bulls or "Toros del Atlético Español".

In 1975, the organization won their only international title in the CONCACAF Champions' Cup, playing the final against Transvaal of Suriname and defeating them 5–1 on aggregate. In 1973–74, they reached the final against Cruz Azul. They played a two-legged tie in which the Atlético Español won the first leg 2–1 but lost the second 3–0, becoming sub champion of the league.

Players who distinguished themselves in Atlético Español were the Brazilian striker Carlos Eloir Perucci, Ricardo Brandón, Salvador Plascencia,'Sabanita' Rivera, Juan Santillán, and Tomás Boy, under the direction of Miguel Marín, 'the Witch' Gutiérrez,Enrique Díaz and 'Chucho' Prado and the Chiliean Prieto.[8]

In 1982, the Spanish ownership within the Federal District of Mexico city sold the franchise. A new group of Mexican businessmen purchased Necaxa in 1982, then telecommunications Giant Grupo Televisa returned the organization's original name from 1971 and opened its training facilities in Cuautitlán Izcalli in the state of Mexico.[9] The ownership renamed the franchise Necaxa by 1982 after the cultural and historical importance of the franchise in Mexican football. While Mexico experienced a crisis called "the Lost Decade" or "La Decada Perdida"[10] in the 1980s and early 1970s, Necaxa in the 1980s struggled against two relegation matches. One at the end of the 1982–83 season against Zacatepec and another by the end of the 1984–85 season against Leones Universidad de Guadalajara.

Atlético Español footballers:Goalkeepers: Julito Aguilar, Jan Gomola, Goyo Cortez, Enrique Vazquez del Mercado, Defense: El Pimienta Rico, Juan Manuel Alvarez, Mario Trejo, Midfielder: Juan Carlos Rodriguez Vega, Manuel Manzo, Benito Buen Hombre Pardo, Tomas Boy. Forwards: Juan Manuel Borbolla, J.J. Muñante, Romano, Carlos Eloir Perucci, El Cachito Ramirez, Ricardo Brandon, Pio Tabaré Gonzalez, Juan Carlos Rossete. Raúl 'El Cora Isiordia", y Alejandro Romanh.

New Owners and return to glory (1990–2000)

In 1988, Futbol Club Necaxa was purchased by Mexican telecommunications giant Grupo Televisa S.A C.V. The now late owner, Emilio Azcárraga Milmo (father of Emilio Azcárraga Jean), and several associates took a new direction with the team.

In the 1989 and 1990 season, director of football operations Anibal Ruiz acquired the services of the Ecuadorian midfielder, Álex Aguinaga, one of the iconic figures of the Necaxa in the 1990s and one of the most talented foreign players who has ever set foot on Mexican soil.

Necaxa has a great season, previously in the 1980s they battled twice against México Primera División's regulations of the Mexican League. In that year Necaxa reached the finals losing to Pumas of the University of Mexico. The following season Aníbal Ruiz was replaced with new coach, the Argentine ex-defender, Eduardo Luján Manera who contracted the services of the Chilean Ivo Basay. Under Manera, Necaxa didn't qualify for the finals of the championship. The acquisition of new coach Roberto Saporiti, marked the beginning of a commitment to competition excellence in a period known to Necaxa fans as "La Epoca Necaxista bajo el Capitalismo" or "the new era of Necaxa under Capitalism".

In 1992, the talented footballer of UNAM, ex-Puma player Enrique Borja was put under contract and headed the club's football operations, leaving Saporiti as head coach of Necaxa. Eventually Saporitti was replaced. The team Saporitti, Manera, Ruiz leave was an offensive minded team, that was disciplined, yet lacked great defensive talent. The following season management engaged the services of Manuel Lapuente. Sergio "El Ratón" Zarate, Octavio "Picas" Becerril, the Chilean Eduardo "Lalo" Vilches, José María "El Chema" Higareda were key figures in the defense and offense of the club. Manuel Lapuente managed Club Necaxa to three Championship titles in Mexico's National Football League.

After 56 years, once again Necaxa found itself with the title of "Campeonísimo", contributing talent in the 1990s and late in the millennium, within the Primera División of the Mexican League and in the Mexico national team.

They won the Mexican League Championship in 1994 (beating Cruz Azul), in 1995 (beating Celaya) and 1998 (beating Guadalajara), becoming Champion of CONCACAF,created a huge upset against European Giants Real Madrid CF in 3rd place match of the inaugural FIFA Club World Cup the following season. Champion of champions the legacy of the "Once Hermanos" attempted to be reestablished within the franchise's values and mind set. The Necaxa team of the 1990s had represented the cohesion and ability of working and playing as a team under lucrative financial incentives, forced great communication on the field and execution on the field during advanced Capitalism competition play. Necaxa's Championships were similar, yet different reminder of the spirit of "Los Once Hermanos" or "the Eleven Brothers" in the late 1930s.

Relocation and new home (2000–2009)

After poor attendance numbers during the early 2000s, Necaxa needed to refresh their home and relocate to improve on this issue. Many considered Estadio Victoria in Aguascalientes to be the first modern stadium built in Mexico.

Attendance continued to decline steadily despite the change of city and stadium for Necaxa. This consistent decline would lead to a relegation for Necaxa during the Spring 2009 campaign.

The Hidrorayos would bounce back winning the fall 2009 and Spring 2010 (undefeated) Ascenso MX titles thus earning an automatic promotion back up to the Liga MX.

Necaxa in Primera División and return to Ascenso MX (2011–present)

After winning the 2009–10 promotion, Necaxa returned to the FMF Primera División for the 2010–11 campaign. Omar Arellano began the season with Daniel Brailovsky taking over for the remainder of the tenure. Ultimately the club faced immediate relegation after only one year.

Despite having a good performance in the 2nd division, Necaxa was initially unable to return to the top flight, losing two finals in 2013 against Neza FC and Universidad de Guadalajara.

On 6 December 2014, Necaxa won the Apertura 2014 championship in the final game against Coras de Tepic ultimately losing the promotion play-off against Dorados de Sinaloa.

The Apertura 2015 tournament was not good for Necaxa, finishing in 10th place. However, in Clausura 2016, Necaxa finished the regular season as runner-up, one point behind U. de G. In the playoffs, Necaxa beat Correcaminos 2–1 in the Quarterfinals, Atlante 5–3 in the Semifinals, and Zacatecas 2–0 in the Finals to become champion. Next was a two-legged playoff series against Cd. Juarez, the Apertura 2015 champion. Necaxa won the first leg in Aguascalientes 1–0, and one week later in Cd. Juarez 2–0, thus clinching its return to Primera Division Liga MX for the first time in five years.

NX Football USA, LLC (2021–present)

Necaxa took in a 50% ownership partner named NX Football USA, LLC in 2021. The ownership group included former owners from Major League Soccer club D.C. United, former managers from Welsh football club Swansea City, and celebrities: Mexican-American actress Eva Longoria, international football player Mesut Özil, former NBA basketball player Shawn Marion, MLB baseball player Justin Verlander, and Verlander's wife, American model Kate Upton.[11] [12] Necaxa´s backers purchased 5% of Wrexham AFC in April 2024 and its owners Rob McElhenney and Ryan Reynolds, in turn, purchased a minority stake in Necaxa.[13]

On July 9th, 2024, a TV series was ordered with filming beginning on the same day. The series will be similar to Welcome to Wrexham.[14]

Sponsorship

PeriodKit manufacturerShirt partner
1922–23No sponsors*Mexican Light & Power Company, Ltd.
1922–23No sponsors*StreetCar Operators
1923–26No sponsors*
1926–36No sponsors*
1936–40No sponsors*
1950–70To be determined*
1971–82To be determined
1987–88AdidasChoco Milk
1989–92Adidas
1993–94AdidasCoca-Cola / Elf
1994–95AdidasCoca-Cola / Elf
1995–96UmbroCoca-Cola / Elf
1996–97UmbroCoca-Cola / AFORE Garante
1998 (Winter'98)Umbro*Coca-Cola
1999-00EEscordCoca-Cola
2000–01EEscordCoca-Cola/Sol
2001EEscordMasfresco / Victoria / Coca-Cola
2002AtleticaCoca-Cola / Victoria
2003AtleticaBimbo / Victoria / Coca-Cola
2004AtleticaBimbo / Office Depot / Victoria
2005AtleticaVisa / Leche San Marcos / Banamex / Corona
2006AtleticaVisa / Seguros Argos SA de CV / Leche San Marcos / Corona / Banamex
2007–08AtleticaVisa / Seguros Argos SA de CV / Leche San Marcos / Corona / Aeroméxico / Banamex / Cemex Monterrey / Caja Libertad
2008VoitSabritas / Corona / Leche San Marcos
2009VoitDiversity Capital / Corona / Leche San Marcos
2009–10Voit*Caja Popular Mexicana / Corona / Seguros Argos
2010–11AtleticaCaja Popular Mexicana / Corona / ETN / Pepsi / Rolcar / Bimbo[15]
2011–12AtleticaFutura/Leche San Marcos/Corona/Caja Popular Mexicana/SKY/Coca-Cola/Trucka/Rolcar/Agro depot
2012–13PirmaETN/Leche San Marcos/Meson del Taco/Corona/Caja Popular Mexicana/SKY/Coca-Cola/Trucka/Rolcar/Agro depot
2013–14PirmaAeroméxico/Coca-Cola/Corona/ETN/Leche San Marcos/Pizza Ola/Rolcar/SKY/Trucka/Oxxo Gas
2014-17UmbroAeroméxico/Coca-Cola/Corona/ETN/Búfalo/Leche San Marcos/Pizza Ola/Rolcar/SKY/Trucka/Oxxo Gas
2017–20CharlyRolcar/Cavall Sport/Búfalo/Circle K/Coca-Cola/Mercedes-Benz/SKY/Mediotiempo
2020–23PirmaRolcar/Stubhub/Sisolar/Mercedes-Benz/Mobil/L’Anqgel/Del Monte/Perdura/PlayDoIt
2023 – PresentCharlyRolcar/H-E-B/Electrolit/Sertifex/Perdura/epa!/Carl's Jr./PlayDoIt/ETN/J.M. Romo/Mobil/Coca-Cola/Salsa Huichol/Circle K/Welch's/Megacable/Nissan/Grupo San Cristóbal/ViX/Quesos Bionda/Boletomóvil/Sisolar/BrandMe

First kit evolution

1990–present kit evolution

Honours

Domestic

TypeCompetitionTitlesWinning SeasonsRunners Up
Mexicanscope=colPrimera División31994–95, 1995–96, Invierno 1998Invierno 1996, Verano 1998, Verano 2002
scope=colCopa MX81924–25, 1925–26, 1932–33, 1935–36, 1959–60, 1965–66, 1994–95, Clausura 20181933–34, 1939–40, 1941–42, Clausura 2016
scope=colCampeón de Campeones21966, 19951960
scope=colSupercopa MX120182019
scope=colAscenso MX4Apertura 2009, Clausura 2010, Apertura 2014, Clausura 2016
scope=colCampeón de Ascenso22009–10, 2015–162014–15
scope=colCampeonato de Primera Fuerza de la FMF/Liga Mayor41932–33, 1934–35, 1936–37, 1937–381924–25, 1931–32, 1939–40

Confederation

TypeCompetitionTitlesWinning SeasonsRunners Up
CONCACAFscope=col CONCACAF Champions' Cup21975, 19991996
scope=colCONCACAF Cup Winners Cup11994

International

International record

SeasonCompetitionRoundClubHomeAwayAggregate
1975CONCACAF Champions' Cup1Second round Monterrey1–11–02–1
Semi-finals Saprissa2–12–14–2
Final Transvaal2–13–05–1
1976Copa Interamericana1Final Independiente0–02–22–2 (2–4 p)
1994CONCACAF Cup Winners CupQuarter-final CD México5–1
Semi-final Lambada4-1
Final Aurora3–0
1996CONCACAF Champions' CupSecond round Saprissa2–22–14–3
Final group stage Cruz Azul1–12nd
Seattle Sounders4–1
Comunicaciones3–3
1997CONCACAF Cup Winners CupGroup north Cruz Azul1–11st
Dallas Burn4–1
Final OlimpiaCancelled2
1999CONCACAF Champions' CupQualifying playoff LA Galaxy1–1 (4–3 p)
Quarter-finals Saprissa3–2
Semi-finals D.C. United3–1
Final Alajuelense2–1
2000FIFA Club World ChampionshipGroup B Manchester United1–12nd
South Melbourne3–1
Vasco da Gama1–2
Third place Real Madrid1–1 (4–3 p)
Copa MerconorteGroup B Atlético Nacional2–10–03rd
Alajuelense1–12–2
Alianza Lima0–00–1
2001Copa MerconorteGroup A Aucas1–32–01st
América de Cali1–03–1
Alianza Lima2–13–0
Semi-finals Millonarios3–22–35–5 (1–3 p)
2003CONCACAF Champions' CupRound of 16 Arnett Gardens1–00–01–0
Quarter-finals LA Galaxy2–14–16–2
Semi-finals Morelia0–00–60–6
2007Copa LibertadoresGroup 2 Alianza Lima2–02–11st
Audax Italiano2–01–2
São Paulo2–10–3
Round of 16 Nacional0–12–32–4
2023Leagues CupSouth 4 FC Dallas0–33rd
Charlotte FC1–4

Tournament played under the club name of Atlético Español.
Final never played, tournament tacitly abandoned.

Personnel

Coaching staff

style=background-color:red;color:whitePositionstyle=background-color:red;color:whiteStaff
Manager
Assistant managers
Walter Vílchez
Édgar Hernández
Goalkeeper coach Ángel Maldonado
Fitness coaches Osvaldo Scansetti
Juan Lozano
Abel Gutiérrez
Physiotherapist Manuel Briz
Team doctor Franco Vázquez

Players

First-team squad

[16]

Reserve teams

See main article: Necaxa Reserves and Academy.

Necaxa (Liga TDP)
  • Reserve team that plays in the Liga TDP, the fourth level of the Mexican league system.

    Historical championship squads

    1994–95 Champions  1995–96 Champions  Winter 98

    Top scorers

    Historical Amateur leading scorers

    Historical Leading Season scorers

    All-time leading scorers

    PlayerGoalsNationality
    Ricardo Peláez138
    Ivo Basay101
    Víctor Lojero86
    Álex Aguinaga82
    Alberto García Aspe65
    Julio Maria Palleiro64

    Managers

    This is the list of managers who had the Club Necaxa in short tournaments:

    NameTournamentLed GamesGames WonTied GamesGames Lost
    Enrique Díaz198216277
    Walter Ormeño1982–8460142719
    José Antonio Roca1984–853851518
    Mario Pérez1986–87407249
    Cayetano Ré1987–8846151516
    Aníbal Ruiz1988–9070242818
    Eduardo Luján Manera1990–9138121115
    Roberto Saporiti1991–94121523930
    Manuel Lapuente1994–95 – Inverno 9761261520
    Raul AriasVerano 98 – Clausura 200529712076101
    Enrique López ZarzaApertura 2005 – Apertura 200645161019
    Pablo LunaApertura 20061010
    Hugo SanchezApertura 20067214
    Jose Luis TrejoClausura 200717467
    Hans WesterhofApertura 200717557
    Salvador ReyesClausura 2008 – Apertura 2008336189
    Octavio BecerrilApertura 20085221
    Raul AriasClausura 200917359
    Omar Arellano NuñoApertura 2009 – Bicentenario 20104422175
    Daniel BrailovskyApertura 2010 – Clausura 2011153111
    Sergio BuenoClausura 201113364
    Paco RamírezApertura 201112543
    Luis Francisco García LlamasApertura 20113111
    TitaClausura 201212833
    Jaime OrdialesApertura 2012 – Apertura 20132814104
    Armando GonzálezApertura 2013 – Clausura 20143818128
    Miguel de Jesús FuentesApertura 2014 – 20153615912
    Alfonso Sosa2015–20173819136
    Ignacio Ambríz2017–201847181811

    Fan clubs

    References

    Sources

    Notes and References

    1. News: Club Necaxa's US investment approved by Mexican FA . Sportico . 24 May 2021 . 14 October 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231014202511/https://www.sportico.com/business/sales/2021/club-necaxa-investment-1234630492/ . live .
    2. La serie Mexico Nuevo Siglo: Rueda de la Fortuna Los Rayos
    3. Logan James (reprint 1976). The Scottish Gael Or Celtic Manners. John Donald Publishers Ltd. pp. 249–250. .
    4. https://www.bbc.co.uk/insideout/content/articles/2008/09/30/south_west_cornish_miners_s14_w3_feature.shtml "The Cornish in Mexico"
    5. Web site: Mexico – List of Final Tables. Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. 3 February 2023. 2 April 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150402011950/http://www.rsssf.com/tablesm/mexhist.html. live.
    6. Web site: Señor Gol – en sida om Mexikansk fotboll. https://archive.today/20031107081017/http://www.senorgol.nu/mexico/mexseleccionconvocatorias.htm. dead. 7 November 2003. Señor Gol. 25 June 2015.
    7. Web site: Carlos Calderón: El Necaxa III. Los gloriosos años 30 – mediotiempo.com. 14 June 2009. 25 June 2015. 26 June 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150626133000/http://www.mediotiempo.com/futbol/editoriales/carlos-calderon/2009/06/el-necaxa-iii-los-gloriosos-anos-30. live.
    8. Web site: La Vieja Guardia – Pasión Rojiblanca. 25 June 2015.
    9. Web site: Necaxa deja Cuautitlán. 25 June 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150626130108/http://www.elsiglodedurango.com.mx/noticia/6015.necaxa-deja-cuautitlan.html. 26 June 2015. dead.
    10. Web site: La Década Perdida. 25 June 2015. 28 October 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171028012002/http://www.econlink.com.ar/subdesarrollo/decada-perdida. live.
    11. Web site: Novy-Williams . Scott Soshnick,Eben . 2021-04-12 . Liga MX Draws First Major U.S. Investors to 'NFL of Mexico' . 2022-08-04 . Sportico.com . en-US . 28 September 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220928195355/https://www.sportico.com/business/sales/2021/necaxa-sale-mexico-1234627023/ . live .
    12. Web site: Testa . Laura . NX Football USA LLC's Acquisition of a Stake in Impulsora del Deportivo Necaxa, S.A. de C.V. . 8 June 2021 . 2022-08-04 . en-US . 15 June 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230615130315/https://globallegalchronicle.com/nx-football-usa-llcs-acquisition-of-a-stake-in-impulsora-del-deportivo-necaxa-s-a-de-c-v/ . live .
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