| Ipa Symbol: | ɯ |
| Ipa Number: | 316 |
| Decimal: | 623 |
| X-Sampa: | M |
| Imagefile: | IPA Unicode 0x026F.svg |
| Braille: | 256 |
| Braille2: | u |
pronounced as /vowels/
The close back unrounded vowel, or high back unrounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is (IPA|ɯ). Typographically, it is a turned letter (m); given its relation to the sound represented by the letter (IPA|u), it can be considered a ligature of 2 (u)'s.
The close back unrounded vowel can in many cases be considered the vocalic equivalent of the voiced velar approximant [ɰ].
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acehnese[1] | Achinese: [[Acehnese language#Writing system|'''eu''']] | pronounced as /[ɯ]/ | 'see' | Also described as closer to pronounced as /link/.[2] [3] | ||
| Arara | îput | pronounced as /[ɯput̚]/ | 'my skin' | Frequent realisation of pronounced as //ɨ//. | ||
| Arbëreshë | pronounced as /[ɑɾbɯɾeʃ]/ | 'Arbëreshë' | pronounced as //ə// in standard Albanian. | |||
| Azerbaijani: [[Azerbaijani alphabet|bahal'''ı''']] | pronounced as /[bɑhɑˈɫɯ]/ | 'expensive' | Closer to an [ɘ] | |||
| Bashkir: [[Cyrillic script|ҡ'''ы'''ҙ]] / qıď | pronounced as /[qɯð]/ | 'girl' | ||||
| [[Chinese characters|刺]] / cì | pronounced as /[t͡sʰɯ˥˩]/ | 'thorn' | ||||
| Some Wu dialects | [[Chinese characters|父]] / vu | pronounced as /[vɯ]/ | 'father' | |||
| [[Chinese characters|火]] / xu | pronounced as /[xɯ]/ | 'fire' | ||||
| Chuvash | ыхра/ıxra | [ɯɣra] | 'garlic' | |||
| Crimean Tatar; Crimean Turkish: [[Crimean Tatar alphabet|джан'''ы'''м/canım]] | pronounced as /[dʒanɯm]/ | 'please' | ||||
| hook | pronounced as /[hɯ̞k]/ | 'hook' | Near-close; possible realization of pronounced as /link/. | |||
| Near-close; may be rounded pronounced as /link/ instead. | ||||||
| Some California speakers | pronounced as /[ɡɯˑs]/ | 'goose' | Corresponds to pronounced as /link/ in other dialects. | |||
| New Zealand[4] | treacle | pronounced as /[ˈtɹ̝̊iːkɯ]/ | 'treacle' | Possible realization of the unstressed vowel pronounced as //ɯ//, which is variable in rounding and ranges from central to (more often) back and close to close-mid. Corresponds to pronounced as //əl// in other accents. Develops from dark L; See New Zealand English phonology | ||
| Some Philadelphia speakers | pronounced as /[pɫ̥ɯs]/ | 'plus' | Used by some speakers; the exact height and backness is variable. It corresponds to pronounced as /link/ in other accents. See English phonology | |||
| pill | pronounced as /[pʰɯ̞ɫ]/ | 'pill' | Near-close; possible allophone of pronounced as //ɪ// before the velarised allophone of pronounced as //l//. See South African English phonology | |||
| Estonian: [[Estonian alphabet|k'''õ'''rv]] | pronounced as /[kɯrv]/ | 'ear' | Typically transcribed in IPA with (IPA|ɤ); can be close-mid central pronounced as /link/ or close-mid back pronounced as /link/ instead, depending on the speaker. See Estonian phonology | |||
| Irish: [[Irish orthography|c'''ao'''l]] | pronounced as /[kʰɯːl̪ˠ]/ | 'narrow' | See Irish phonology | |||
| Japanese: [[Japanese orthography|空気]] / | 'air' | May be compressed pronounced as /link/. See Japanese phonology | ||||
| Katukina | pronounced as /[babɯˈdʒɯ]/ | 'oscar (fish)' | ||||
| Kazakh | Kazakh: [[Kazakh alphabets#Cyrillic script|қ'''ы'''с/qys]] | pronounced as /[qɯs]/ | 'winter' | May be pronounced as in Kazakh pronounced as /qəs/ | ||
| Korean: [[Hangul|음식]] / Korean: [[Revised Romanization of Korean|'''eu'''msik]] | pronounced as /[ɯːmɕ͈ik̚]/ | 'food' | ||||
| Kurdish | Kurmanji (Northern) | Kurdish: [[Kurmanji alphabet|t'''i'''rş]] | pronounced as /[tˤɯɾʃ]/ | 'sour' | See Kurdish phonology. The "i" after "t" always uses this sound if the "t" is "tˤ". However, it can also appear at other places. | |
| Sorani (Central) | / tirş | |||||
| Kirghiz; Kyrgyz: [[Kyrgyz alphabet|к'''ы'''з]] / qyz | pronounced as /[qɯz]/ | 'girl' | See Kyrgyz phonology | |||
| Panará | pronounced as /[tɯˈsəʰ]/ | 'to breathe' | ||||
| Portuguese: [[Portuguese orthography|p'''e'''gar]] | 'to grab' | Reduced vowel. Near-close. Typically transcribed in IPA with (IPA|ɨ). See Portuguese phonology | ||||
| Some speakers | Romanian; Moldavian; Moldovan: [[Romanian orthography|c'''â'''nd]] | pronounced as /[kɯnd]/ | 'when' | Typically described as /ɨ/. See Romanian phonology | ||
| Gaelic; Scottish Gaelic: [[Scottish Gaelic alphabet|c'''ao'''l]] | pronounced as /[kʰɯːl̪ˠ]/ | 'thin' | See Scottish Gaelic phonology | |||
| [[Sop language|d'''ü'''m]] | pronounced as /[dɯm]/ | 'tree' | See Sop language | |||
| Tamil | / aḻagu | [əɻəɣɯ] | 'beauty' | Known by the Tamil grammar phenomenon குற்றியலுகரம் | ||
| Standard | Thai: [[Thai script|ขึ้น]] / khuen/khîn | pronounced as /[kʰɯn˥˩]/ | 'to go up' | |||
| Turkish: [[Turkish alphabet|s'''ı'''ğ]] | pronounced as /[sɯː]/ | 'shallow' | Described variously as close back pronounced as /[ɯ]/, near-close near-back pronounced as /[ɯ̞]/ and close central pronounced as /link/. See Turkish phonology | |||
| Turkmen: [[Turkmen alphabet|ýaş'''y'''l]] | pronounced as /[jɑːˈʃɯl]/ | 'green' | ||||
| Uighur; Uyghur: [[Uyghur Arabic alphabet|ت'''ى'''ل'''ى'''م/tılım]] / tilim | pronounced as /[tɯlɯm]/ | 'my language' | In complementary distribution with pronounced as /link/. See Uyghur phonology | |||
| Vietnamese: [[Vietnamese alphabet|t'''ư''']] | pronounced as /[tɯ]/ | 'fourth' | See Vietnamese phonology | |||
pronounced as /navigation/