Clonostachys (fungus) explained
Clonostachys is a genus of fungi in the order Hypocreales and family Bionectriaceae.
Clonostachys has a worldwide distribution and is commonly found in tropical and subtropical regions (Schroers 2001;[1] Domsch et al. 2007).[2] Species in the genus are saprobes, endophytes, plant pathogens and mycoparasites from various habitats including soil (Schroers 2001;[1] Toledo et al. 2006;[3] Zhang et al. 2008;[4] Moreira et al. 2016).
Clonostachys rosea is of interest as a biological pest control agent.[4]
Species
75 species were included by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility[5] As of 2023, 60 species are listed Species Fungorum:[6]
- Clonostachys agarwalii (Kushwaha) Schroers
- Clonostachys ambigua
- Clonostachys apocyni (Peck) Rossman, L.Lombard & Crous
- Clonostachys aranearum Wan H.Chen, Y.F.Han, J.D.Liang, X.Zou, Z.Q.Liang & D.C.Jin
- Clonostachys asymmetrica (Samuels) Schroers
- Clonostachys aurantia (Penz. & Sacc.) Rossman, L.Lombard & Crous
- Clonostachys blumenaviae (Rehm) Rossman, L.Lombard & Crous
- Clonostachys candelabrum (Bonord.) Schroers
- Clonostachys candida Harz
- Clonostachys chlorina Schroers
- Clonostachys chloroleuca G.M.Moreira, L.M.Abreu, Pfenning & Schroers
- Clonostachys chongqingensis
- Clonostachys coccicola (J.A.Stev.) H.T.Dao
- Clonostachys compacta Petch
- Clonostachys compactiuscula (Sacc.) D.Hawksw. & W.Gams
- Clonostachys coxeniae
- Clonostachys cylindrospora Höhn.
- Clonostachys dichotoma Bayl.Ell.
- Clonostachys divergens Schroers
- Clonostachys eriocamporesiana
- Clonostachys essexcoheniae
- Clonostachys farinosa (Henn.) Rossman
- Clonostachys gibberosa (Schroers) Rossman, L.Lombard & Crous (2015)
- Clonostachys granuligera
- Clonostachys indica Prasher & R.Chauhan
- Clonostachys intermedia Schroers
- Clonostachys krabiensis Tibpromma & K.D.Hyde (2018)
- Clonostachys leptoderma
- Clonostachys leucaenae
- Clonostachys manihotis (Rick) Rossman, L.Lombard & Crous (2015)
- Clonostachys mellea (Teng & S.H.Ou) Z.Q.Zeng & W.Y.Zhuang (2017)
- Clonostachys moreaui
- Clonostachys oligospora
- Clonostachys pallens
- Clonostachys parva (Schroers) Rossman, L.Lombard & Crous (2015)
- Clonostachys phyllophila Schroers (2001)
- Clonostachys pilosella
- Clonostachys pnagiana
- Clonostachys populi Harz (1871)
- Clonostachys pseudobotrytis Höhn. (1902)
- Clonostachys pseudosetosa (Samuels) Schroers (2001)
- Clonostachys pseudostriatopsis Hirooka & Tak.Kobay. (2007)
- Clonostachys pulvinata Petch (1927)
- Clonostachys rhizophaga Schroers (2001)
- Clonostachys rogersoniana Schroers (2001)
- Clonostachys rosea (Link) Schroers, Samuels, Seifert & W.Gams (1999)
- Clonostachys saulensis Lechat & J.Fourn. (2019)
- Clonostachys simmonsii Massee (1907)
- Clonostachys spinulosa
- Clonostachys spinulosispora Lechat & J.Fourn. (2018)
- Clonostachys squamuligera
- Clonostachys swieteniae
- Clonostachys tonduzii (Speg.) Rossman, L.Lombard & Crous (2015)
- Clonostachys tornata (Höhn.) Rossman, L.Lombard & Crous (2015)
- Clonostachys truncata (J.Luo & W.Y.Zhuang) Z.Q.Zeng & W.Y.Zhuang (2017)
- Clonostachys vesiculosa (J.Luo & W.Y.Zhuang) Z.Q.Zeng & W.Y.Zhuang (2017)
- Clonostachys viticola
- Clonostachys wenpingii (J.Luo & W.Y.Zhuang) Z.Q.Zeng & W.Y.Zhuang (2014)
Former species (all are Bionectriaceae, except if mentioned);[6]
- C. araucaria = Clonostachys rosea
- C. araucaria var. compacta = Clonostachys rosea
- C. araucaria var. confusa = Clonostachys rosea
- C. araucaria var. rosea = Clonostachys rosea
- C. aureofulvella = Bionectria aureofulvella
- C. buxi = Pseudonectria buxi, Nectriaceae
- C. byssicola = Bionectria byssicola
- C. capitata = Bionectria capitata
- C. catenulata = Clonostachys rosea
- C. cylindrospora = Clonostachys compactiuscula
- C. epichloe = Bionectria epichloe
- C. grammicospora = Bionectria grammicospora
- C. grammicosporopsis = Bionectria grammicosporopsis
- C. impariphialis = Bionectria impariphialis
- C. kowhai = Bionectria kowhai
- C. lasiacidis = Bionectria lasiacidis
- C. levigata = Bionectria levigata
- C. lucifer = Bionectria lucifer
- C. macrospora = Clonostachys apocyni
- C. miodochialis = Clonostachys parva
- C. oblongispora = Bionectria oblongispora
- C. pityrodes = Bionectria pityrodes
- C. populi var. aesculi = Clonostachys populi
- C. pseudochroleuca = Bionectria pseudochroleuca
- C. pseudostriata = Bionectria pseudostriata
- C. ralfsii = Bionectria ralfsii
- C. rosea f. catenulata = Clonostachys rosea
- C. rossmaniae = Bionectria rossmaniae
- C. samuelsii = Bionectria samuelsii
- C. sesquicillii = Bionectria sesquicillii
- C. setosa = Bionectria setosa
- C. solani = Bionectria solani
- C. solani f. nigrovirens = Bionectria solani
- C. spectabilis = Peziza ostracoderma, Pezizaceae
- C. sporodochialis = Bionectria sporodochialis
- C. subquaternata = Bionectria subquaternata
- C. verrucispora = Bionectria verrucispora
- C. zelandiae-novae = Bionectria zelandiae-novae
Notes and References
- Schroers . H.J. . A monograph of Bionectria (Ascomycota, Hypocreales, Bionectriaceae) and its Clonostachys anamorphs. . Stud Mycol . 2001 . 46 . 1–214.
- Book: Domsch . K.H. . Gams . W. . Anderson . T. . Compendium of soil fungi . 2007 . IHW . Verlag, Eching . 2nd.
- Toledo . A.V. . Virla . E. . Humber . R.A. . Paradell . S.L. . Lastra . C.C.L. . First record of Clonostachys rosea (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) as an entomopathogenic fungus of Oncometopia tucumana and Sonesimia grossa (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) in Argentina. . Journal of Invertebrate Pathology . 2006 . 92 . 7–10.
- Zhang . L. . Yang . J. . Niu . Q. . Zhao . X. . Ye . F. . Liang . L. . Zhang . K.Q. . Investigation on the infection mechanism of the fungus Clonostachys rosea against nematodes using the green fluorescent protein. . Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology . 2008 . 78 . 983–990.
- https://www.gbif.org/species/2560861 GBIF: Clonostachys Corda
- Web site: Species Fungorum - Search Page . www.speciesfungorum.org . 18 July 2023.
