Climate of Dhaka explained

Dhaka experiences a hot, wet and humid tropical climate. Under the Köppen climate classification, Dhaka has a tropical wet and dry climate. The city has a distinct monsoonal season, with an annual average temperature of 25C and monthly means varying between 18C in January and 29C in August.^[1] Nearly 80% of the annual average rainfall of 1854mm occurs during the monsoon season which lasts from May until the end of September.^[1] Increasing air and water pollution emanating from traffic congestion and industrial waste are serious problems affecting public health and the quality of life in the city. Water bodies and wetlands around Dhaka are facing destruction as these are being filled up to construct multi-storied buildings and other real estate developments. Coupled with pollution, such erosion of natural habitats threatens to destroy much of the regional biodiversity.^[2]

Cold weather is unusual in and around Dhaka. When temperatures decrease to 8C or less, people without warm clothing and living in inadequate homes may die from the cold.^{[3] [4] [5]}

Factors

Dhaka has a tropical wet and dry climate. The monsoon season brings nearly 80% of the annual average rainfall of 1,854 millimeters (73 in) occurs between May and September.^[6]

• Southwest Monsoon occurs from June till September during the summer months. During this period very heavy rainfall lashes the city as well as the entire country. Flash floods are common in Dhaka almost every year.
• Tropical Storms do occur during the summer months from April till June and then from September till December. These cyclones occur almost every year in Bangladesh though their intensity varies from year to year.
• Tornadoes are fairly common in Bangladesh as it is one of the most frequently hit countries in the world, behind the United States and Canada.^[7]

Impact of climate change

See also: Climate change in Bangladesh. Climate change has forced many people of Bangladesh living in rural areas to migrate to cities that has caused a sharp rise in the slum population of Dhaka.^[8] As Bangladesh is already less than 20 feet above sea level, thus there are fears that by the end of the 21st century, more than a quarter of the country will be inundated and 15 million people will be displaced.^[8] The population of Dhaka, currently 13 million people, is projected to increase to 20 million by the year 2025. This raises fears of water-borne diseases and outbreaks of several other diseases.^[9] While a UN and WWF report warned that Dhaka tops the risk of climate change in Asia.^[10]

Monsoon rainfall of Dhaka

The Monsoon season begins from June till September. The following is the annual monsoon rainfall for the last few years based on data from the Bangladesh Meteorological Department.^[11]

• In 2000, a total of 5220mm was recorded.
• In 2001, a total of 5590mm was recorded.
• In 2002, a total of 7257mm was recorded.
• In 2003, a total of 4934mm was recorded.
• In 2004, a total of 8308mm was recorded.
  
• In 2005, a total of 6903mm was recorded.
• In 2006, a total of 7137mm was recorded.
• In 2007, a total of 8895mm was recorded.
• In 2008, a total of 6712mm was recorded.
• In 2009, a total of 6252mm was recorded.
• In 2010, a total of 5016mm was recorded.

Extreme weather events

Extreme weather events include tropical cyclones, tornadoes, cloudburst and flash floods.

• In 1956, about 326 millimetres (12.8 in) of rain was recorded in 24 hours in Dhaka.^[12]
• In 1970, a Category-3 tropical cyclone killed 500,000 people in the coastal area, which also had a severe impact in Dhaka.^[13]
• In 1989, a tornado killed 1,300 people in Dhaka Division.^[14]
• In 1991, a Category-5 tropical cyclone ravaged coastal Bangladesh, impacting Dhaka with severe rain and damaging wind.^[15]
• In 2004, a record-breaking 341 millimetres (13.4 in) mm of rain was recorded in Dhaka in 24 hours.^[12]
• In 2009, about 333 millimetres (13.1 in) of rain was recorded in Dhaka in 24 hours.^[12]

Notes and References

1. Web site: Weatherbase: Historical Weather for Dhaka, Bangladesh. 2008-12-15. weatherbase.com.
2. News: Mondal . M. Abdul Latif . 2006-09-27 . Our Cities: 15th Anniversary Special . The Daily Star . 2006-09-27 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20070302043917/http://www.thedailystar.net/suppliments/2006/15thanniv/ourcities/ourcities28.htm . 2007-03-02.
3. News: Cold Wave Kills 102 People in Bangladesh . Los Angeles Times . January 6, 1995 . 6 . "Temperatures plunged to 39 degrees this week in northern Bangladesh, killing people too poor to afford jackets or sweaters. It was the lowest temperature recorded in Bangladesh since 1964, when the temperature dropped to 38 degrees.". February 4, 2015 .
4. News: 33 in Northern Bangladesh Are Reported Killed by Cold . The New York Times . Associated Press . December 29, 1989 . A3 . "A cold wave in normally tropical northern Bangladesh has killed at least 33 people in the last week, a newspaper reported today. Temperatures in the region have hovered around 42 degrees Fahrenheit since Monday, and the newspaper said the victims were laborers and other poor people who were unable to protect themselves from the cold." . February 4, 2015.
5. News: Hundreds Dead in Bangladeshi Cold Spell . The Washington Post . 6 January 1998 . A14 . "In northern Bangladesh, temperatures dipped to 46 degrees Sunday, the Independent newspaper said. Although the temperature was above freezing, it was cold enough to kill people in tropical Bangladesh, where half the population of 120 million people can't afford enough food or warm clothes.".
6. Web site: Dhaka, Bangladesh Travel Weather Averages (Weatherbase).
7. Web site: The Online Tornado FAQ (by Roger Edwards, SPC).
8. Web site: Climate migration drives slum growth in Dhaka . 2010-11-19 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120313035707/http://www.citiesalliance.org/ca/node/420 . 2012-03-13 . dead .
9. Web site: Case study: Dhaka's extreme vulnerability to climate change - PreventionWeb.net. 2010-11-19. 2015-09-24. https://web.archive.org/web/20150924082025/http://www.preventionweb.net/english/professional/publications/v.php?id=4292. dead.
10. News: Dhaka tops risk table in Asia climate threat study . Reuters . David . Fogarty . 2009-11-12.
11. Web site: Bangladesh Meteorological Department . 2010-11-19 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110219025413/http://www.bmd.gov.bd/Monsoon_rain/Dhk_mon_rain.html . 2011-02-19 .
12. Web site: 'Cloud Burst' Breaks 53-year Record. 2010-11-20. https://web.archive.org/web/20180312084555/http://www.independent-bangladesh.com/environment-news/cloud-burst-breaks-53year-record.html. 2018-03-12. dead.
13. Web site: NOAA Researcher's Warning Helps Save Lives in Bangladesh . 2010-11-20 . https://web.archive.org/web/20080517144749/http://www.research.noaa.gov/spotlite/2007/spot_cyclone.html . 2008-05-17 . dead.
14. Web site: Bangladesh Tornado Climatology.
15. http://www.swissre.com/resources/dd6346004d4e9669ac76eecedd316cf3-sigma2_2009_e.pdf{{dead link|date=May 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}