Clerk family explained

Clerk family
Caption:	Left to right: A.W. Clerk, N.T. Clerk and C.H. Clerk
Region:	Accra, Ghana
Origin:	Fairfield, Manchester Parish, Jamaica
Founder:	Alexander Worthy Clerk
Other Families:	Hesse family
Traditions:	Presbyterian

The Clerk family is a Ghanaian historic family that produced a number of pioneering scholars and clergy on the Gold Coast.^{[1] [2] [3]} Predominantly based in the Ghanaian capital, Accra, the Clerks were traditionally Protestant Christian and affiliated to the Presbyterian Church.^[4] The Clerk family is primarily a member of the Ga coastal people of Accra^[5] and in addition, has Euro-Afro-Caribbean heritage, descending from Jamaican,^[6] German^{[7] [8]} and Danish^{[9] [10]} ancestry.

History

The Clerk family was founded by Alexander Worthy Clerk (1820 – 1906), a Jamaican Moravian missionary who arrived in the Danish Protectorate of Christiansborg – the suburb of Osu in Accra, Gold Coast, now Ghana, on either Easter Sunday, 16 April or Easter Monday, 17 April 1843 as per differing historical accounts.^{[11] [12]} Clerk was part of the first group of 24 West Indian settler missionaries who worked under the auspices of the Basel Evangelical Missionary Society of Basel, Switzerland.^[13] A. W. Clerk's hometown was Fairfield, a town located in Manchester Parish, Jamaica. In 1848, he married Pauline Hesse (1831–1909), a trader from the notable Euro-Ga Hesse family of Osu Amantra.^{[14] [15]}

Alexander Clerk was also a pioneer of the precursor to the Presbyterian Church of Ghana and a leader in education in colonial Ghana, co-establishing a boarding middle school for boys, the Salem School, Osu in 1843.^[16] Furthermore, Clerk and the other West Indian missionary emigrants introduced new seedlings such as breadfruit, guava and pear to the Gold Coast food economy and their progeny was instrumental in the expansion of the science and practice of agricultural education in the country.^{[17] [18]}

During the colonial era, the Clerks were among an illustrious group of thinkers, often from the coastal areas of Ghana, who flourished in the arts and sciences, spanning multiple familial generations.^{[19] [20] [21]} Outside academia, the family was also active in ecclesiastical circles and the upper echelons of government, including diplomacy. In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, several prominent members of the Clerk family dominated various spheres of public life in Gold Coast society and later, modern Ghana, making significant and pioneering social and scientific contributions to the domestic and regional knowledge economy through the growth of architecture, church development, civil service, education, journalism, medicine, natural sciences, public administration, public health, public policy and urban planning.^{[22] [23] [24] [25]} The Clerk family is related through marriage to several distinguished indigenous Ga families of Accra like the Adom, Nikoi, Odamtten, Ollennu, Quao and Sai families among others.

Some historically renowned Gold Coast families, mainly from southern Ghana, of Akyem, Anlo Ewe, Fante and Ga ethnicities that thrived in various intellectual pursuits within this period include the Baëta, Bartels, Brew, Casely-Hayford, Easmon, Gbeho and Ofori-Atta families.^{[26] [27]} In the broader context, this era of creative ferment, marked by an outpouring of educational achievement, was a catalyst for the eventual push for the country's independence by the Gold Coast intelligentsia. Other learned persons were the Accra literati, linked by intermarriage, as well as trade and commerce along the Gold Coast, such as the Bannerman, Bruce, Hutton-Mills, Meyer, Quist, Reindorf and Vanderpuije families.^{[28] [29] [30]} Other educators such as Hall and Miller were based in the peri-urban Akan hinterland.

Notable members

Notable members of the Clerk family across successive generations include:

First generation

• Alexander Worthy Clerk (1820 – 1906), a Jamaican Moravian missionary, teacher and clergyman, was the patriarch of the Clerk family of Accra.

Second generation

• Nicholas Timothy Clerk (1862 – 1961), a Basel-trained theologian and pioneering missionary, was elected the first Synod Clerk of the Presbyterian Church of the Gold Coast from 1918 to 1932. He was a founding father of the all boys' boarding high school, the Presbyterian Boys' Secondary School, established in 1938.

Third generation

• Carl Henry Clerk (1895 –1982) was an agricultural educationist, administrator, journalist, editor and church minister who served as the fourth Synod Clerk of the Presbyterian Church of the Gold Coast from 1950 to 1954. From 1960 to 1963, he was also the Editor of the Christian Messenger, established in 1883 by the Basel Mission, as the news publication of the Presbyterian Church of Ghana.^{[31] [32] [33]}
• Jane Elizabeth Clerk (1904 – 1999) was a schoolteacher and pioneer woman education administrator on the Gold Coast.^{[34] [35]}
• Theodore Shealtiel Clerk (1909 – 1965) was the first formally trained, professionally certified Ghanaian architect of the Gold Coast who received the Rutland Prize from the Royal Scottish Academy in 1943. A presidential advisor to Ghana's first leader, Kwame Nkrumah, Clerk was the chief architect, town planner and the first chief executive officer (CEO) of the Tema Development Corporation, a role in which he planned, designed and developed the post-independent metropolis of Tema, the location of the largest seaport in Ghana, the Tema Harbour. He was an Associate of the Royal Institute of British Architects and the Royal Town Planning Institute. In 1964, Theodore Clerk became the first president of the first national professional society, the Ghana Institute of Architects, started in 1963, for the promotion of the architectural practice, education and accreditation in Ghana.^{[36] [37] [38] [39]}
• Matilda Johanna Clerk (1916 – 1984) was the second Ghanaian woman and the fourth West African woman to become a medical doctor. M. J. Clerk was also the first Ghanaian woman in any field to win an academic merit scholarship for university education abroad and the first woman in Ghana and West Africa to attend graduate school and earn a postgraduate diploma. Additionally, she was the joint second Ghanaian woman and joint fifth woman in West Africa to receive a baccalaureate degree.^{[40] [41] [42] [43] [44] [45] [46] [47] [48] [49]}

Fourth generation

• Nicholas Timothy Clerk (1930 – 2012) was an academic, administrator and Presbyterian minister . Between 1977 and 1982, he served as the Rector of the GIMPA, the nation's premier graduate school of public policy, public administration and governance or statecraft. He was also the vice-chairman of the Public Services Commission of Ghana and the Chairman of the Public Services Commission of Uganda from 1989 to 1990.^{[50] [51] [52]}
• George Carver Clerk (1931 – 2019) was a pioneering botanist and plant pathologist in Ghana and West Africa. A professor and later, an emeritus professor at the University of Ghana, Legon and a Fellow of the Ghana Academy of Arts and Sciences, elected in 1973, he focused his research on the ecology, mycology and phytopathology of indigenous flora in Ghana and West Africa.^{[53] [54] [55] [56] [57] [58] [59]}
• Pauline Miranda Clerk (1935 – 2013) was a civil servant, diplomat and a presidential advisor.^{[60] [61] [62]}
• Alexander Adu Clerk (born 1947) is an academic, sleep medicine specialist, psychiatrist and a Fellow of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, who became the Director of the world's first sleep medical clinic, the Stanford Center for Sleep Sciences and Medicine from 1990 to 1998.^{[63] [64] [65] [66] [67] [68] [69] [70] [71]}

Fifth generation

• Nicholas Timothy Clerk, Jnr. (born 1963) is a consultant obstetrician-gynaecologist with a specialty in ambulatory gynaecology. A medical lecturer, he is a Fellow of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists.^{[72] [73] [74]}
• Christine Alexandra Clerk (1967 – 2018) was a physician and an epidemiologist, with a focus on malaria research and diagnostics, adolescent health and HIV in pregnant women. A clinical research scientist, she worked at public health research centres at Dodowa and Navrongo, in academia at the University of Ghana, Legon and at PATH, a global health institution in Seattle. Christine Clerk was also a Gates Malaria Partnership Scholar at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine.^{[75] [76] [77] [78] [79] [80] [81] [82] [83] [84] [85] [86] [87] [88] [89] [90] [91] [92] [93] [94] [95] [96]}

List of public memorials

This is a list of memorials to the Clerk family:

• C. H. Clerk Hall, Osu Presbyterian Girls’ School, Osu, Accra
• Clerk Hall, Valley View University, Oyibi, on the Dodowa-Nsawam Road, Greater Accra
• Clerk House, Presbyterian Boys' Secondary School, Legon, Accra
• Clerk Street, Osu, Accra
• Commemorative plaque attached to the chapel of the Grace Presbyterian Church, Nungua-North, Accra, in memory of Nicholas T. Clerk
• Commemorative plaque in the sanctuary of the Ebenezer Presbyterian Church, Osu in honour of A. W. Clerk, his son, N. T. Clerk and other Basel Mission pastors from Osu
• Commemorative tablet in the sanctuary of the Christ Presbyterian Church, Akropong, in memory of A. W. Clerk, Joseph Miller, John Hall, John Rochester, James Mullings, John Walker, James Green and Jonas Horsford
• Fairfield House, Aburi, in memory of A. W. Clerk
• Hanover Street, Akropong, where the Caribbean Moravians originally resided
• Jamaica, a well at Aburi, dug by John Rochester in the 1850/60s, dedicated to the memory of the West Indian Moravians by the Jamaican Community in Ghana
• Mural in memory of Matilda J. Clerk at Nuffield House, Guy's Hospital, London
• N. T. Clerk Congregation, Volta Presbytery, Worawora
• N. T. Clerk Roundabout, Buem
• Nicholas Timothy Clerk Road, Worawora
• Presbyterian Day, also Ebenezer Day, Presbyterian Church of Ghana, special Sunday in the Almanac in remembrance of the Basel and West Indian missionaries
• T. S. Clerk Street, between Akojo School Park and Tweduaase Primary School, Site 6, Community I, Tema
• The Rev. N. T. Clerk Memorial International School, Worawora

External links

• Basel Mission Archives
• USC Digital Library

See also

• Clerk surname
• Gold Coast Euro-Africans

Notes and References

1. Web site: Alex Clerk and family, catechist in Aburi. – BM Archives . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20170703175947/http://www.bmarchives.org/items/show/70014 . 3 July 2017 . 2017-07-03 . bmarchives . dmy-all.
2. Web site: Rev. and Mrs N. Clerk. :: International Mission Photography Archive, ca.1860-ca.1960 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20170703182334/http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/p15799coll123/id/38044/rec/14 . 3 July 2017 . 2017-07-04 . digitallibrary education . dmy-all.
3. Web site: Ghana Rising: History: Ghana's Majestic Past –People & Culture in Black & White from 1850 - 1950. Al. Fashion Et. 2013-05-12. Ghana Rising. 2017-09-23. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20170220164850/http://ghanarising.blogspot.com/2013/05/history-ghanas-majestic-past-people.html. 20 February 2017. dmy-all.
4. Anquandah . James Ghana-Caribbean Relations – From Slavery Times to Present: Lecture to the Ghana-Caribbean Association. National Commission on Culture, Ghana. . November 2006 . Ghana-Caribbean Relations – From Slavery Times to Present: Lecture disambiguation to the Ghana-Caribbean Association . National Commission on Culture, Ghana. . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20160730230651/http://www.ghanaculture.gov.gh/privatecontent/File/GHANA%20CARIBBEAN%20RELATIONS%20pdf.pdf . 30 July 2016 . dmy-all . 5 April 2017 .
5. Book: Sill, Ulrike . Encounters in Quest of Christian Womanhood: The Basel Mission in Pre- and Early Colonial Ghana . https://web.archive.org/web/20170330122402/https://books.google.com/books/about/Encounters_in_Quest_of_Christian_Womanho.html?id=a5loknGzxTQC . dead . 2017-03-30 . 2010 . BRILL . 978-9004188884 . en .
6. Book: Clerk, Nicholas, Timothy. The Settlement of West Indian Emigrants on the Gold Coast 1843–1943 – A Centenary Sketch.. 1943. Accra.
7. Book: Jena, Geographische Gesellschaft (für Thüringen) zu. Mitteilungen. 77. nicholas timothy clerk basel.. 1891. G. Fischer.. de.
8. Book: Jena, Geographische gesellschaft (für Thüringen) zu. Mitteilungen der Geographischen gesellschaft (für Thüringen) zu Jena. 1890. G. Fischer. de.
9. Web site: Clerk, Nicholas Timothy, Ghana, Basel Mission . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20160328135331/http://dacb.org/stories/ghana/clerk_n.html . 28 March 2016 . 2017-04-05 . Dacb.
10. Book: Debrunner, Hans W.. Owura Nico, the Rev. Nicholas Timothy Clerk, 1862–1961: pioneer and church leader.. Watervile Publishing House.. 1965. Accra. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20170330122609/https://books.google.com/books/about/Owura_Nico_the_Rev_Nicholas_Timothy_Cler.html?id=9AoXAAAAIAAJ. 30 March 2017. dmy-all.
11. Web site: NUPS-G KNUST>>PCG>>History . www.nupsgknust.itgo.com . 2017-04-18 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20050207131702/http://nupsgknust.itgo.com/pages/pcg.htm . 7 February 2005 .
12. Book: The mother of our schools: a history of the Presbyterian Training College, Akropong-Akuapem and biography of the principals, 1848-1993. Owusu-Agyakwa. Gladys. Ackah. Samuel K.. Kwamena-Poh. M. A.. 1994. Presbyterian Training College. 8. en. https://web.archive.org/web/20171107143605/https://books.google.com/books?id=gdssAQAAIAAJ&dq=OWURA+NICO+H.W.+DEBRUNNER&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Jamaica. 7 November 2017. live. dmy-all.
13. News: A Ghanaian church built by Jamaicans. Dawes. Mark. 2003. Jamaican Gleaner. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20171121144858/http://old.jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20031007/mind/mind1.html. 21 November 2017. dmy-all.
14. Web site: 2020-08-19. Interview with H.E. Virginia Hesse, Ambassador of Ghana. 2020-12-07. Czech & Slovak Leaders. en-GB.
15. Web site: Alexander Worthy Clerk - Jamaican missionary to Ghana .
16. Web site: Osu Salem . osusalem.org . 2017-04-05 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20170329141604/http://osusalem.org/pages/aboutus.php?parentpage=aboutus&page=history . 29 March 2017 .
17. Web site: Akyem Abuakwa Presbytery Youth: PCG History. Akyem Abuakwa Presbytery Youth. 2017-09-19. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20170425121124/http://abuakwayouth.blogspot.com/p/2015-action-plan_79.html. 25 April 2017. dmy-all.
18. Kwakye. Abraham Nana Opare. 2018. Returning African Christians in Mission to the Gold Coast. Studies in World Christianity. 24. 1. 25–45. 10.3366/swc.2018.0203.
19. Book: Patton, Adell Jr.. Physicians, Colonial Racism, and Diaspora in West Africa. 13 April 1996. University Press of Florida. 9780813014326. 1st. 29. en.
20. Web site: Goold . David . Dictionary of Scottish Architects – DSA Architect Biography Report (April 7, 2017, 2:21 pm) . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20170407150018/http://www.scottisharchitects.org.uk/architect_full.php?id=403511 . 7 April 2017 . 2017-04-07 . scottisharchitects United Kingdom.
21. Book: A History of the Church in Africa. Sundkler. Bengt. Steed. Christopher. 2000-05-04. Cambridge University Press. 9780521583428. 719. en. https://web.archive.org/web/20170910020321/https://books.google.com/books?id=y1p61xARWY4C&q=The+Revd+N.+T.+Clerk+#v=snippet&q=The%20Revd%20N.%20T.%20Clerk&f=false. 10 September 2017. live. dmy-all.
22. Web site: PRESEC ALUMINI PORTAL . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20170330174159/http://www.odadee.net/school . 30 March 2017 . 2017-04-05 . odadee . ru.
23. News: 22 Successful Ghanaians Who Went To Achimota School. Ofori-Mensah. OMGVoice. 2017-04-05. https://web.archive.org/web/20170330084031/http://omgvoice.com/lifestyle/successful-ghanaians-achimota-school/. 30 March 2017. dead. en. dmy-all.
24. The Christian Messenger. The Christian Messenger Basel, 1883–1917.
25. Book: Debrunner, Hans W.. A history of Christianity in Ghana. 1967. Waterville Pub. House. en. https://web.archive.org/web/20130703222956/http://www.amazon.com/history-Christianity-Ghana-Hans-Debrunner/dp/B0006CO3YQ. 3 July 2013. live.
26. Web site: Ghana Rising: The Origins of the Brew surname in Ghana ….(Descendant of Richard Brew, described as, 'the infamous slave trader of the Gold Coast, now Ghana')…. Al. Fashion Et. 5 December 2011. Ghana Rising. 2017-07-23. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20140202211932/http://ghanarising.blogspot.com/2011/12/origins-of-brew-name-in-ghana.html. 2 February 2014.
27. News: Kwesi Brew. Bown. Lalage . Lalage Bown . 9 October 2007. The Guardian. 2017-07-23. en-GB. 0261-3077. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20160306123521/http://www.theguardian.com/news/2007/oct/10/obituaries.mainsection. 6 March 2016.
28. Book: Jenkins, Paul. The Recovery of the West African Past: African Pastors and African History in the Nineteenth Century : C.C. Reindorf & Samuel Johnson : Papers from an International Seminar Held in Basel, Switzerland, 25–28th October 1995 to Celebrate the Centenary of the Publication of C.C. Reindorf's History of the Gold Coast and Asante. 1998. Basler Afrika Bibliographien. 9783905141702. en. 9 July 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170927023344/https://books.google.com/books?id=zjD5z4Qan6sC&pg=PP1. 27 September 2017. live. dmy-all.
29. Book: Doortmont, Michel. The Pen-pictures of Modern Africans and African Celebrities by Charles Francis Hutchison: A Collective Biography of Elite Society in the Gold Coast Colony. 2005. Brill. 9789004140974. en. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20180314181558/https://books.google.com/books?id=basZAAAAYAAJ&dq=The+Pen-Pictures+of+Modern+Africans+and+African+Celebrities&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwimvsuFtezZAhVKzVMKHQ2wBAQQ6AEIJzAA. 14 March 2018. dmy-all.
30. Book: Quayson, Ato. Oxford Street, Accra: City Life and the Itineraries of Transnationalism. 2014-08-13. Duke University Press. 9780822376293. en. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20180314181558/https://books.google.com/books?id=9h3IBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT112&lpg=PT112&dq=emmanuel+charles+quist+relations&source=bl&ots=0EoqGIvrm-&sig=9Ivw2e3dH--otdgZ2mClDpgFXd4&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj5lNOiruzZAhVCi1QKHexhBKMQ6AEIigEwFg#v=onepage&q=emmanuel%20charles%20quist%20relations&f=false. 14 March 2018. dmy-all.
31. Book: Jet. https://web.archive.org/web/20201229033359/https://books.google.com/books?id=nL8DAAAAMBAJ&q=carl+henry+clerk+gold+coast&pg=PA47. dead. 29 December 2020. 26 August 1954. Johnson Publishing Company. en.
32. News: Obituary: The Reverend Carl Henry Clerk. Clerk. Nicholas T.. 5 June 1982. Funeral Bulletin, Presbyterian Church of Ghana, Accra.
33. Web site: Carl Clerk – Historical records and family trees – MyHeritage. www.myheritage.com. https://web.archive.org/web/20170406111341/https://www.myheritage.com/names/carl_clerk. 6 April 2017. live. 2017-04-06.
34. Book: Clerk, Nicholas, T.. Obituary: Jane Elizabeth Clerk, 1904 -1999. Presbyterian Church of Ghana, Funeral Bulletin.. 27 July 1999. Accra. 1.
35. Web site: Presbyterian Women's College of Education (Aburi Akwapim) - T-TEL. www.t-tel.org. en. 2018-01-13. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20161222221136/http://www.t-tel.org/coes-network/colleges/articles/presbyterian-womens-college-of-education-aburi-akwapim.html. 22 December 2016. dmy-all.
36. 31 March 2017. In praise of pioneer architects. live. Daily Graphic. en. https://web.archive.org/web/20160813041747/http://www.graphic.com.gh/features/features/in-praise-of-pioneer-architects.html. 13 August 2016. dmy-all.
37. Web site: Profile of THEODORE SHEALTIEL CLERK. MyHeritage.com. https://web.archive.org/web/20170407145232/https://www.myheritage.com/person-1000060_58948112_58948112/theodore-shealtiel-clerk. 7 April 2017. live. 2017-04-07.
38. News: Ghana news: In praise of pioneer architects – Graphic Online. Intsiful. Prof George W. K.. Graphic Online. 2017-07-27. en-GB. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20160813041747/http://www.graphic.com.gh/features/features/in-praise-of-pioneer-architects.html. 13 August 2016. dmy-all.
39. Web site: History. https://web.archive.org/web/20170727210338/http://gia.org.gh/subcat_select.cfm?History&corpnews_catid=2&corpnews_scatid=2. dead. 2017-07-27. gia.org.gh. en. 2017-07-27.
40. Book: Clerk, Nicholas, T.. Obituary: Dr. Matilda Johanna Clerk, MBChB, DTM&H. 5 January 1985. Presbyterian Church of Ghana Funeral Bulletin. Accra.
41. 2002-01-01. Jiagge, Annie (1918–1996). dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20161018212947/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G2-2591304623.html. 18 October 2016. dmy-all. 20 February 2018.
42. Tetty. Charles. 7298703. 1985. Medical Practitioners of African Descent in Colonial Ghana. The International Journal of African Historical Studies. 18. 1. 139–144. 10.2307/217977. 217977. 11617203. https://web.archive.org/web/20190307161551/http://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/e34f/6a5691243bc36ed2d2a7d5681ff9bc966f39.pdf. dead. 2019-03-07.
43. Web site: CAS Students to Lead Seminar On University's African Alumni, Pt. IV: Agnes Yewande Savage. 2016-11-16. Postgrads from the Edge. https://web.archive.org/web/20170805185137/https://centreofafricanstudies.wordpress.com/2016/11/16/cas-students-to-lead-seminar-on-universitys-african-alumni-pt-iv-agnes-yewande-savage/. 5 August 2017. live. 2017-08-05. dmy-all.
44. Book: Physicians, colonial racism, and diaspora in West Africa / Adell Patton, Jr. – Version details . Gainesville : University Press of Florida . 1996 . 9780813014326 . en . 2017-04-05 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170406111747/http://trove.nla.gov.au/work/21788549?selectedversion=NBD12072098 . 6 April 2017 . live.
45. Web site: Review of Patton, Adell Jr.., Physicians, Colonial Racism and Diaspora in West Africa. Joeden-Forgey. Elisa von. 1 August 1997. www.h-net.org. en. https://web.archive.org/web/20170330083947/http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=1217. 30 March 2017. live. 2017-04-05.
46. Adell Patton Jr Physicians, Colonial Racism, and Diaspora in West Africa – 13 April 1996

    http://www.umsl.edu/~pattona/IJAHS_Vol_22_1999.pdf

47. Web site: Tabitha Medical Center Celebrating African Women in Medicine. www.tabithamedicalcenter.com. en-US. https://web.archive.org/web/20171206140540/http://www.tabithamedicalcenter.com/?p=434. 6 December 2017. live. 2018-02-20. dmy-all.
48. Book: Anibaba, Musliu Olaiya. A Lagosian of the 20th century: an autobiography. 2003. Tisons Limited. 9789783557116. en. https://web.archive.org/web/20161223230233/https://books.google.com/books?id=Y9AuAQAAIAAJ&q=Elizabeth+Abimbola+Awoliyi+educated&dq=Elizabeth+Abimbola+Awoliyi+educated&hl=en. 23 December 2016. live. dmy-all.
49. Web site: National Commission On Culture . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150722115221/http://www.ghanaculture.gov.gh/index1.php?linkid=338&archiveid=996&page=1&adate=12%2F10%2F2007 . 22 July 2015 . 2018-02-20 . Ghana culture Government . dmy-all.
50. Web site: 70 Years of excellent secondary education. https://web.archive.org/web/20110722010817/http://www.odadee75.org/downloads/70years.pdf. 2011-07-22. live.
51. Web site: PRESEC ALUMINI PORTAL . www.odadee.net . ru . 2017-04-10 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20170330174159/http://www.odadee.net/school . 30 March 2017 .
52. Book: Obituary: The Rev. Dr. Nicholas Timothy Clerk. 27 October 2012. Christian Messenger - Presbyterian Church of Ghana Funeral Bulletin. Accra.
53. Web site: Contact Us Department of Botany. www.ug.edu.gh. https://web.archive.org/web/20170329232450/http://www.ug.edu.gh/botany/visitors/contact_us. 29 March 2017. bot: unknown. 2017-04-05.
54. Web site: Fellowship . gaas-gh.org . en-US . 2017-04-05 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20170330011437/http://gaas-gh.org/fellowship/ . 30 March 2017 .
55. Web site: Membership. gaas-gh.org. en-US. https://web.archive.org/web/20170329143021/http://gaas-gh.org/fellowship/membership/. 29 March 2017. live. 2017-04-05.
56. News: 12 Amazing Ghanaian Achievements In The Field Of Science And The People Behind Them. 2017-09-12. OMGVoice.com. 2018-02-22. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20171127050214/https://omgvoice.com/lifestyle/gh-science-tech-acheivement/. 27 November 2017. dmy-all.
57. Book: Burial and Thanksgiving Service for the late Professor Emeritus George Carver Clerk, FGA (1931–2019). Presbyterian Church of Ghana Funeral Bulletin. Akuafo Hall Chapel, University of Ghana, Legon. June 2019. Accra. 6–41.
58. Web site: In memoriam: George Carver Clerk, 87. Clerk. Daniel. 2019-06-13. Nature Research Ecology & Evolution Community. Nature Research. en. 2019-06-13.
59. Clerk. Daniel. July 2019. Obituary of George Carver Clerk, 1931-2019. live. ISPP Newsletter. International Society for Plant Pathology. 49. 7. 5. https://web.archive.org/web/20190701171541/https://www.isppweb.org/newsletters/pdf/49_7.pdf. 2019-07-01. 2019-07-01.
60. Book: Steinberg, S.. The Statesman's Year-Book 1962: The One-Volume ENCYCLOPAEDIA of all nations. 2016-12-27. Springer. 9780230270916. en. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20180112171312/https://books.google.com/books?id=pNjMDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA513&lpg=PA513&dq=pauline+clerk+diplomat+ghana&source=bl&ots=Y-7q7EETsw&sig=i5r4oZqszx94pgk-1GPo9CBFVo0&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjY-93ZnsbYAhXQ21MKHVfUDk8Q6AEILTAB#v=onepage&q=pauline%20clerk%20diplomat%20ghana&f=false. 12 January 2018. dmy-all.
61. Book: Steinberg, S.. The Statesman's Year-Book 1963: The One-Volume ENCYCLOPAEDIA of all nations. 2016-12-27. Springer. 9780230270923. en. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20180112171312/https://books.google.com/books?id=6NbMDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA514&lpg=PA514&dq=pauline+clerk+diplomat+ghana&source=bl&ots=1NoNfXNGXX&sig=SRAnHnze_QvqKNjT1GypkfX3m0M&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjY-93ZnsbYAhXQ21MKHVfUDk8Q6AEILzAC#v=onepage&q=pauline%20clerk%20diplomat%20ghana&f=false. 12 January 2018. dmy-all.
62. Book: Steinberg, S.. The Statesman's Year-Book 1964-65: The One-Volume ENCYCLOPAEDIA of all nations. 2016-12-26. Springer. 9780230270930. en. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20180112171313/https://books.google.com/books?id=O43LDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA484&lpg=PA484&dq=pauline+clerk+diplomat+ghana&source=bl&ots=AiqyBbH-AN&sig=odZlLsm3AS5IHiygv99aKDsvXvw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjY-93ZnsbYAhXQ21MKHVfUDk8Q6AEIMTAD#v=onepage&q=pauline%20clerk%20diplomat%20ghana&f=false. 12 January 2018. dmy-all.
63. Web site: Clinical Program - The Stanford Center for Sleep Sciences and Medicine - Stanford University School of Medicine. sleep.stanford.edu. en. https://web.archive.org/web/20170911015358/http://sleep.stanford.edu/clinical/. 11 September 2017. dead. 2017-09-26. dmy-all.
64. Web site: Sleep Medicine Services . www.sleepmedicineservice.com . 2017-04-12 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20160125073055/http://sleepmedicineservice.com/meetourspecialist.html . 25 January 2016 .
65. Web site: Dr. Alexander Clerk, MD – San Jose, CA – Psychiatry & Sleep Medicine Healthgrades.com . www.healthgrades.com . 2017-04-12 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20170412224648/https://www.healthgrades.com/physician/dr-alex-clerk-2gvl9 . 12 April 2017 .
66. Web site: Alexander A. Clerk, MD: Sleep Medicine, Psychiatry . doctor.webmd.com . https://web.archive.org/web/20170412224711/http://doctor.webmd.com/doctor/alexander-clerk-md-fcc31742-6475-4cee-b4e6-35dc9efdfa0b-overview . 2017-04-12 . live . 2017-04-12 .
67. News: Alex A. Clerk, M.D. – Physicians Medical Group of San Jose . Physicians Medical Group of San Jose . 2017-04-12 . en-US . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20170413070839/http://www.pmgmd.com/provider/alex-a-clerk-m-d/ . 13 April 2017 .
68. Web site: Dr. Alex Clerk, MD – San Jose, CA Psychiatry on Doximity . Doximity . en-US . 2017-04-12 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20170413071311/https://www.doximity.com/pub/alex-clerk-md . 13 April 2017 .
69. Web site: Dr. Alex Clerk, MD San Jose, CA Psychiatrist . www.vitals.com . en . 2017-04-12 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20170413071249/http://www.vitals.com/doctors/Dr_Alex_Clerk.html . 13 April 2017 .
70. News: Dr. Alex Clerk MD: Psychiatry, San Jose, CA . U.S. News . 12 April 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170412230206/http://health.usnews.com/doctors/alex-clerk-509347 . 12 April 2017 . dead .
71. Book: Company, Johnson Publishing . Ebony . https://web.archive.org/web/20201229060559/https://books.google.com/books?id=qcwDAAAAMBAJ&q=alexander+adu+clerk+date+of+birth&pg=PA60 . dead . 29 December 2020 . 1 July 1992 . Johnson Publishing Company . en .
72. Web site: Mr Nicholas Clerk: Obstetrics and gynaecology. finder.bupa.co.uk. en. https://web.archive.org/web/20170406110547/https://finder.bupa.co.uk/Consultant/view/34604/mr_nicholas_clerk. 6 April 2017. live. 2017-04-05.
73. Web site: Mr Nick Clerk Consultant Gynaecologist Spire Healthcare. www.spirehealthcare.com. https://web.archive.org/web/20170422124907/https://www.spirehealthcare.com/consultant-profiles/mr-nick-clerk-c4245766/. 2017-04-22. dead. 2017-04-22.
74. Web site: WISDOM - Ysbyty Glan Clwyd Health Board. WISDOM. www.wisdom.wales.nhs.uk. en-GB. https://web.archive.org/web/20180804023901/http://www.wisdom.wales.nhs.uk/ysbyty-glan-clwyd. 4 August 2018. live. 2018-08-04. dmy-all.
75. News: Christine Alexandra Clerk Obituary - COLLEYVILLE, TX. Dignity Memorial. 2018-04-02. https://web.archive.org/web/20180330190718/https://www.dignitymemorial.com/obituaries/colleyville-tx/christine-clerk-7802829. 30 March 2018. live. en. dmy-all.
76. Web site: 2004-05 Report. LSHTM Malaria Centre. zdoc.site. 29–30. en. https://web.archive.org/web/20180412181800/https://zdoc.site/report-malaria-centre-lshtm.html. 12 April 2018. live. 2018-04-12. dmy-all.
77. Book: Gates Malaria Partnership. Annual Report. London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. 2003. London. 47–48. https://web.archive.org/web/20170712012934/http://www.gatesmalariapartnership.org/sites/www.gatesmalariapartnership.org/files/reports/attachments/Annual%20Report%202003.pdf. 12 July 2017. dead. dmy-all. 12 April 2018.
78. Web site: PhD List Gates Malaria Partnership. www.gatesmalariapartnership.org. en. 2018-04-12. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20170908213605/http://www.gatesmalariapartnership.org/capacity-strengthening/phd-programme/phd-list. 8 September 2017. dmy-all.
79. Web site: Christine Clerk's scientific contributions University of Ghana, Accra (Legon) and other places. ResearchGate. en. https://web.archive.org/web/20180508193840/https://www.researchgate.net/scientific-contributions/84774959_Christine_Clerk. 8 May 2018. live. 2018-05-08. dmy-all.
80. Web site: Announcement: Join PATH at the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene conference – PATH. www.path.org. en. https://web.archive.org/web/20170426151259/http://www.path.org/news/press-room/658/. 26 April 2017. live. 2017-04-26.
81. Web site: Guiding product development of malaria diagnostics to support elimination programs: The Target Product Profile. PATH. November 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20170427003057/http://sites.path.org/dx/files/2012/11/DIAMETER-poster_FINAL1.pdf. 2017-04-27. live.
82. Web site: Zambia Trip Report: Project DIAMETER (Diagnostics for Malaria Elimination Toward Eradication). PATH. November 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20170426151713/http://sites.path.org/dx/files/2012/11/Zambia-trip-report_forweb.pdf. 2017-04-26. live.
83. News: Navrongo Drug Options for IPT in Pregnancy Trial - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov. 2018-01-16. https://web.archive.org/web/20150927161337/https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00146783. 27 September 2015. live. en. dmy-all.
84. Web site: NHRC 2002 to 2010 NAVRONGO HEALTH RESEARCH CENTRE. www.navrongo-hrc.org. en. https://web.archive.org/web/20170219102240/http://www.navrongo-hrc.org/content/nhrc-2002-2010. 19 February 2017. dead. 2018-01-16. dmy-all.
85. Web site: Christine Alexandra Clerk's scientific contributions Dodowa Health Research Centre, Accra and other places. ResearchGate. en. https://web.archive.org/web/20180409181228/https://www.researchgate.net/scientific-contributions/2069393726_Christine_Alexandra_Clerk. 9 April 2018. live. 2018-04-09. dmy-all.
86. Web site: Christine Alexandra Clerk. ResearchGate. en. https://web.archive.org/web/20170427003243/https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Christine_Clerk. 27 April 2017. live. 2017-06-17.
87. Book: Exploitation and Developing Countries: The Ethics of Clinical Research. Hawkins. Jennifer S.. Emanuel. Ezekiel J.. 24 August 2008. Princeton University Press. 978-0691126760. en.
88. Participants in the 2001 Conference on Ethical Aspects of Research in Developing Countries, Blantyre, Malawi, 26 to 28 March 2001.. Science. 13 December 2002. 10.1126/science.1076899. 12481120. https://web.archive.org/web/20180412182608/http://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/suppl/2002/12/12/298.5601.2133.DC1/Emmaneul.SOM.pdf. 12 April 2018. live. dmy-all. Participants in the 2001 Conference on Ethical Aspects of Research in Developing Countries. 298. 5601. 2133–2134.
89. Wurapa. Frederick. Afari. Ebenezer. Ohuabunwo. Chima. Sackey. Samuel. Clerk. Christine. Kwadje. Simon. Yebuah. Nathaniel. Amankwa. Joseph. Amofah. George. 2011-12-14. One Health concept for strengthening public health surveillance and response through Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training in Ghana. The Pan African Medical Journal. 10. Suppl 1. 6. 3266674. 22359694.
90. News: SALUTE TO DR. CHRISTINE CLERK - A WARRIOR. — ARTcapital Ghana. 2018-04-06. ARTcapital Ghana. 2018-04-13. https://web.archive.org/web/20180413020139/http://www.artcapitalghana.com/salute-to-dr-christine-clerk-a-warrior/. 13 April 2018. live. en-GB. dmy-all.
91. Web site: FamilySearch.org. familysearch.org. en. https://web.archive.org/web/20170822014829/https://www.familysearch.org/search/collection/results?count=20&query=%20givenname%3ACLERK~&collection_id=1615258. 22 August 2017. live. 2017-06-07. dmy-all.
92. Web site: Ghana Medical Journal. www.ghanamedj.org. https://web.archive.org/web/20170610013251/http://www.ghanamedj.org/search.php. 10 June 2017. dead. 2017-12-14. dmy-all.
93. March 2005. Review of antenatal-linked voluntary counselling and HIV testing in sub-Saharan Africa: Lessons and options for Ghana. live. Ghana Medical Journal. 39. https://web.archive.org/web/20171214213517/http://www.ghanamedj.org/articles/March2005/Antenatal%20linked.pdf. 14 December 2017. dmy-all.
94. Clerk. Christine Alexandra. Bruce. Jane. Affipunguh. Pius Kaba. Mensah. Nathan. Hodgson. Abraham. Greenwood. Brian. Chandramohan. Daniel. 2008-10-15. A Randomized, Controlled Trial of Intermittent Preventive Treatment with Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine, Amodiaquine, or the Combination in Pregnant Women in Ghana. The Journal of Infectious Diseases. en. 198. 8. 1202–1211. 10.1086/591944. 0022-1899. 18752443. dmy-all. free.
95. Clerk. Christine Alexandra. Bruce. Jane. Greenwood. Brian. Chandramohan. Daniel. 2009-06-01. The epidemiology of malaria among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in an area with intense and highly seasonal malaria transmission in northern Ghana. Tropical Medicine & International Health. en. 14. 6. 688–695. 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2009.02280.x. 1365-3156. 19392740. 3150052.
96. Web site: Disease Control Department PhD Upgrading Seminar malaria.lshtm.ac.uk. malaria.lshtm.ac.uk. en. https://web.archive.org/web/20180412181422/http://malaria.lshtm.ac.uk/news-events/events/disease-control-department-phd-upgrading-seminar. 12 April 2018. dead. 2018-04-12. dmy-all.