Clavelina minuta explained

Clavelina minuta is a species of sea squirt found in Japan, that has been demonstrated to produce an intrinsic (non-secreted) green bioluminescence of 535 nm.[1] [2] [3] Notably, this bioluminescence is not thought to be due to bacterial symbionts. Clavelina minuta is currently the only sea squirt (Ascidiacea) known to produce light, however old reports also report luminescence in Botryllus and Ciona. Amongst other tunicates, the unrelated Pyrosoma and Appendicularia (e.g. genus Oikopleura), which produce an intrinsic blue light, are bioluminescent, and genera Doliolum (Doliolidae) and Cyclosalpa (Salpidae) may also be bioluminescent.[4]

Notes and References

  1. Aoki . Masakazu . Hashimoto . Koichiro . Watanabe . Hiroshi . The Intrinsic Origin of Bioluminescence in the Ascidian, Clavelina miniata . The Biological Bulletin . 1989 . 176 . 1 . 57–62. 10.2307/1541889 . 1541889 .
  2. Hirose . Euichi . Aoki . Masakazu . Chiba . Kazuyoshi . Fine Structures of Tunic Cells and Distribution of Bacteria in the Tunic of the Luminescent Ascidian Clavelina miniata (Ascidiacea, Urochordata) . Zoological Science . 1996 . 13 . 4 . 519–523. 10.2108/zsj.13.519 . 84924022 .
  3. Chiba . Kazuyoshi . Hoshi . Motonori . Isobe . Minoru . Hirose . Euichi . Bioluminescence in the tunic of the colonial ascidian, Clavelina miniata: Identification of luminous cells in vitro . Journal of Experimental Zoology . 1998 . 281 . 6 . 546–553. 10.1002/(SICI)1097-010X(19980815)281:6<546::AID-JEZ2>3.0.CO;2-N . free .
  4. Herring . Peter J. . Systematic distribution of bioluminescence in living organisms . Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence . 1987 . 3. 1 . 147–163. 10.1002/bio.1170010303 . 3503524 .

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