Clavaminate synthase explained

Clavaminate synthase
Ec Number:	1.14.11.21
Cas Number:	122799-56-8

Clavaminate synthase (clavaminate synthase 2, clavaminic acid synthase) is an enzyme with systematic name deoxyamidinoproclavaminate,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating).^{[1] [2] [3] [4] [5]} This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction

(1) deoxyamidinoproclavaminate + 2-oxoglutarate + O₂

\rightleftharpoons amidinoproclavaminate + succinate + CO₂

(2) proclavaminate + 2-oxoglutarate + O₂

\rightleftharpoons dihydroclavaminate + succinate + CO₂ + H₂O

(3) dihydroclavaminate + 2-oxoglutarate + O₂

\rightleftharpoons clavaminate + succinate + CO₂ + H₂O

Clavaminate synthase contains nonheme iron.

Notes and References

1. Salowe SP, Krol WJ, Iwata-Reuyl D, Townsend CA . Elucidation of the order of oxidations and identification of an intermediate in the multistep clavaminate synthase reaction . Biochemistry . 30 . 8 . 2281–92 . February 1991 . 1998687 . 10.1021/bi00222a034 .
2. Substrate binding to the α-ketoglutarate-dependent non-heme iron enzyme clavaminate synthase 2: Coupling mechanism of oxidative decarboxylation and hydroxylation . Zhou, J. . Gunsior, M. . Bachmann, B.O. . Townsend, C.A. . Solomon, E.I. . Edward I. Solomon . J. Am. Chem. Soc. . 1998 . 120 . 13539–13540 . 10.1021/ja983534x.
3. Zhang Z, Ren J, Stammers DK, Baldwin JE, Harlos K, Schofield CJ . Structural origins of the selectivity of the trifunctional oxygenase clavaminic acid synthase . Nature Structural Biology . 7 . 2 . 127–33 . February 2000 . 10655615 . 10.1038/72398 . Christopher J. Schofield .
4. Zhou J, Kelly WL, Bachmann BO, Gunsior M, Townsend CA, Solomon EI . Spectroscopic studies of substrate interactions with clavaminate synthase 2, a multifunctional alpha-KG-dependent non-heme iron enzyme: correlation with mechanisms and reactivities . Journal of the American Chemical Society . 123 . 30 . 7388–98 . August 2001 . 11472170 . 10.1021/ja004025+. Edward I. Solomon .
5. Townsend CA . New reactions in clavulanic acid biosynthesis . Current Opinion in Chemical Biology . 6 . 5 . 583–9 . October 2002 . 12413541 . 10.1016/S1367-5931(02)00392-7 .