| Spanish; Castilian: Pico Basilé | |
| Other Name: | Spanish; Castilian: Pico de Santa Isabel, Clarence Peak |
| Elevation M: | 3011 |
| Elevation Ref: | [1] |
| Prominence M: | 3011 |
| Prominence Ref: | Ranked 90th |
| Map: | Equatorial Guinea Bioko#Equatorial Guinea |
| Map Size: | 220 |
| Label Position: | top |
| Listing: | Country high point Ultra |
| Location: | Bioko, Equatorial Guinea |
| Coordinates: | 3.5833°N 8.7667°W |
| Type: | Shield volcano |
| Last Eruption: | 1923 |
Spanish; Castilian: Pico Basilé (formerly Spanish; Castilian: Pico de Santa Isabel or Clarence Peak),[2] located on the island of Bioko, is the tallest mountain of Equatorial Guinea. With an elevation of 9,878 ft (3,011 m), it is the summit of the largest and highest of three overlapping basaltic shield volcanoes which form the island. From the summit, Mt. Cameroon can be seen to the northeast. Pico Basilé lies close to the city of Malabo. The very top is used as a broadcast transmitting station for RTVGE (Radio Television Guinea Ecuatorial) and microwave relay station for various communication networks.
The peak forms a part of Pico Basilé National Park, created in April 2000[3] The boundaries of Bioko Norte and Sur runs near the summit. All three shield volcanoes on Bioko Island are listed within the Smithsonian Global Volcanism Program database of active volcanoes, though only Pico Basilé has erupted in historic times (most recently in 1923).
Bioko was formed along the Cameroon line, a major northeast-trending geologic fault that runs from the Atlantic Ocean into Cameroon. This line includes other volcanic islands in the Gulf of Guinea such as Annobón, Príncipe and São Tomé, along with the massive stratovolcano of Mount Cameroon. The other island volcanoes to the SW of Bioko Island are extinct.
Part of the Cameroon line, the flora and fauna of Pico Basilé and Bioko as a whole are similar to that of the montane regions of adjacent Cameroon and Nigeria. Multiple range restricted species occur on Pico Basilé, and one bird, the Bioko Speirops Zoterops brunneus, is wholly restricted to the volcano's higher elevations.[4]
The island was inhabited in the middle of the first millennium BC by Bantu tribes from the mainland, who formed the Bubi ethnic group. Unlike other islands in the area, Bioko had an indigenous African population. The Bubi speak a Bantu language. The island has probably been inhabited by this or other Bantu-speaking groups since before the 7th century BC.
In 1472, the Portuguese navigator Fernão do Pó was the first European to sight the island while seeking a path to India.
The first ascent of the mountain by Europeans was made by English commanders between 1827 and 1828 under the Owen expedition. Its first official ascent was made in 1839 by the British John Beecroft who was later governor of the island that was once Fernando Po, now Bioko.[5]