Claire Fontaine Explained

Nationality:	Italian / British
Education:	Università degli Studi di Padova, Paris VIII / Glasgow School of Art
Known For:	Conceptual art, Human Strike, ready-made artist
Claire Fontaine
Website:	http://www.clairefontaine.ws
Caption:	Fulvia Carnevale and James Thornhill at the House of Commons, Portikus, Frankfurt, December 2016
Birth Date:	Founded in Paris, France 2004
Notable Works:	Foreigners Everywhere (Arabic), 2005, In God They Trust, 2004

Claire Fontaine is a feminist, conceptual artist, founded in Paris in 2004 by Fulvia Carnevale and James Thornhill, an Italian-British artist duo who declared themselves her assistants.^[1] Since 2018 Claire Fontaine lives and works in Palermo and has a studio in the historical centre of the Kalsa near Piazza Magione.

After lifting her name from a popular brand of French school notebooks and stationary, Claire Fontaine declared herself a readymade artist^{[2] [3]} and began to elaborate a version of neo-conceptual art that often looks like other people's work. Claire Fontaine translated into English means "Clear Fountain" and can also be conceptually linked to the artwork Fountain by Marcel Duchamp, known as the most famous readymade.^[4]

Work

Claire Fontaine uses the concept of the readymade as a way of criticising "production" disguised as a creation of more and more artefacts that are desirable because they superficially appear as new. Generally she works with appropriation on a formal level and she hijacks contents, using sculpture, installation, video and painting to create an emotionally loaded criticism of the author and the forms of authority at this stage of capitalism. This aesthetic approach that she describes as "expropriation", a way of giving an existential use value to pre-existing objects and artworks, also addresses the general crisis of singularity, which she describes as the individual and collective impossibility to give a meaning to one's life under the current political circumstance and the systematic surveillance, repression and countless limitations of our freedom. Claire Fontaine prefers to integrate the existing art circuit to create complicities and foster change which entails partaking in the mechanisms and subjects of the art industry including collectors, dealers and institutions.^[5]

In an Interview with Circa Art Magazine in 2008 she states: "I think forming gangs, mafias, collectives, networks, bands of people is a way to survive in the hostile capitalist system and then eventually a way to become a pressure group, in order to transform these particular conditions."^[6]

Writing and text based pieces play an important role in Claire Fontaine's work. She distributes texts in her exhibitions and she uses different registers in her writing such as poetry, critical theory, essays and manifestos. The artist criticises the hierarchy between visual and verbal expression.

In February 2020 she was invited by Maria Grazia Chiuri to create the mise-en-scène for Dior's Autumn/Winter 2020 collection for Paris Fashion Week which took place in the Les Tuileries. The artist used the catwalk to perform an operation of Institutional Critique investing the floor and the ceiling; she presented Newsfloor (Le Monde Pixelisé) (2020) and several large suspended LED signs stating for example: Patriarchy Kills Love, When women strike the world stops, Feminine beauty is a ready-made or Patriarchy = Climate emergency.^{[7] [8]}

Monographs

• Newsfloor, Jaleh Mansoor (Author), Anita Chari (Author), Walther König, ^[9] (01.01.2020)
• Viaggio in Sicilia, Free Energy,^[10] Vito Planeta (Author), Valentina Bruschi (Author), Leonardo Sciascia (Author), Donatien Grau (Author), Planeta, (2019)
• Foreigners Everywhere by Hal Foster (Author), Bernard Blistène (Author), Nicolas Liucci-Goutnikov (Author), Letizia Ragalia (Introduction), Walther König, Köln; Bilingual edition ^[11] (31/03/ 2013)
• Economies, Ruba Katrib, Tom McDonough, Museum of Contemporary Art, North Miami, ^[12] (June 3, 2010)

Books

• Human Strike and the Art of Creating Freedom, Hal Foster (Forward), Semiotext(e), Dec. 2020
• Lo sciopero umano e l'arte di creare la libertà^[13] (Italian), Ilaria Bussoni (Forward) DeriveApprodi, 2017,
• La Grève humaine: et l'art de créer la liberté, Diaphanes, 2020 ^[14]
• The Human Strike Has Already Begun & Other Essays,^[15] Mute, 2013. Print ;^[16] eBook ^[17]
• Notas sobre économia libidinal,^[18] MUSAC, 2011, edited by Maria Ines Rodriguez
• Some Instructions for the Sharing of Private Property,^[19] One Star Press, 2011
• Vivre, Vaincre, Editions Dilecta,^{[20] [21]} 2009

Writings

• Towards a Theory of Magic Materialism^[22] , Vers une théorie du matérialisme magique, Diaphanes, Issue 8/9 Winter 2019/20
• Making Life (im)possible in Jens Hoffmann, In the Meantime. Speculations on Art, Curating, and Exhibitions, Sternberg Press, 2020, ^[23]
• The Visitor as a Commercial Partner: Notes on the 58th Venice Biennale,^[24] E-flux Journal No. 102 – September 2019
• L'anno in cui la paura andò in sciopero in È solo l'inizio. Rifiuto, affetti, creatività nel lungo '68^[25] , edited by I. Bussoni, N. Martino, Ombre Corte, 2018, ^[26]
• If our Lives are Black. On Angela Davis and Gina Dent's conference at La Maison de l'Amérique Latine, Paris, May Quarterly Journal,^[27] #.17, 14 March 2017
• Boredom,^[28] edited by Tom McDonough, Documents of Contemporary Art, 2017, ^[29]
• 1977. L'anno dello sciopero umano,^[30] Cultura, Il manifesto, 05.04.2017
• Our Common Critical Condition,^[31] E-flux Journal No. 73 – 05. 2016
• Weed and the Practice of Freedom,^[32] May Quarterly Journal,^[33] #.16, 2016
• Towards a Canonic Freedom, Texte zur Kunst, Issue 100, 2015
• We Are All Clitoridian Women: Notes on Carla Lonzi's Legacy,^[34] E-flux Journal No. 47 – September 2013
• Krebber in Bordeaux, Texte zur Kunst Issue 89, 2013
• Invisible Curators, Texte zur Kunst, Issue 86, 2012
• Draft for aesthetic subjects anaesthetic object, Flashart, January–February 2010
• Entrée en matière, May Quarterly Journal,^[35] #.4. 06. 2010
• Toward an Imageless Political Education,^[36] Diacritics, a review of contemporary criticism, Johns Hopkins University Press, Vol. 39 no.23,, Fall 2009
• The Emancipated Reader, May Quarterly Journal,^[37] #.1 06. 2009
• Human strike within the field of libidinal economy, Descent to Revolution,^[38] edited by James Voorhies, pp. 144–151, Bureau for Open Culture, ^[39] 2009
• Preface to Coco Fusco, Petit manuel de torture à l'usage des femmes-soldats,^[40] Les Prairies Ordinaires, Paris

Interviews

• L'immanenza del linguaggio: un dialogo con Claire Fontaine,^[41] Anita Chari, Simone Ciglia, Flashart Italia, June 2020
• L'arte di essere libere^[42] , Interview with Eva Morletto, Grazia, no. 23 21.05.2020
• Claire Fontaine Collective Capital,^[43] Interview with Evrim Oralkan, Collecteurs, March 2020
• Pretend to be dead, An Interview with Claire Fontaine,^[44] Kyra Kordoski, White Fungus, 2015
• Giving Shape to Painful Things,^[45] Interview Andrew Culp and Ricky Crano, Radical Philosophy, RP175 (Sept/Oct 2012)
• Claire Fontaine. La nostra Italia bruciata che non-cambia mai, Laura Larcan,^[46] La Repubblica, 3/2/2012
• Grève humaine (interrompue), a conversation between Fulvia Carnevale and John Kelsey, May Quarterly Journal,^[47] No. 4 March 2010
• In Life There is No Purity, Only Struggle, Interview with Bart van der Heide, Metropolis M magazine (February/March 2009)
• Acts of Freedom, Interview with Niels Van Tomme, Arts and Papers^[48] 33.06 (September 2009)
• The Glue and the Wedge: The Cases of Claire Fontaine and Canell and Watkins^[49] , Isobel Harbison and Ilaria Gianni No. 124, Circa Art Magazine^[50] 2008
• Macht Arbeit, Interview with Stephanie Kleefeld Texte zur Kunst, Issue 73, 2009
• Claire Fontaine by Anthony Huberman,^[51] Bomb Magazine No. 105, 10.2008

Solo exhibitions

• 2005: Claire Fontaine, Galerie Meerrettich^[52] im Glaspavillon an der Volksbühne, Berlin
• 2005: Foreigners Everywhere, Reena Spaulings Fine Art, New York US

• 2005: Requiem for Jean-Charles de Menezes, Tratari, Graz AT
• 2005: Étrangers Partout, 21 rue Ste Marthe, Paris FR
• 2006: Siamo tutti singolarità qualunque, Il piccolo Museion, progetto Garutti, Museion Bolzano IT
• 2006: Couvrir Les Feux,^[53] Zoo Galerie,^[54] Nantes, FR
• 2007: Équivalences, Le Centre d'Art Villa Arson, Nice
• 2007: The 00's, The history of a decade that has not yet been named, Biennale d'Art Contemporain de Lyon 2007, Institut d'Art Contemporaine, Villeurbanne, Lyon FR
• 2007: Get Lost, Module, Palais de Tokyo, Paris FR
• 2007: How to? Kunsthalle Zurich, CH
• 2007: Taccuini Di Guerra Incivile,^[55] T293, Napoli IT
• 2007: Téléphone Arabe,^[56] Air de Paris, Paris FR
• 2007: Footnotes on the state of exception, Reena Spaulings Fine Art, New York US 01.07
• 2008: Perplexed in Public, Lisson Gallery, London UK^{[57] [58]}
• 2009: Is freedom therapeutic?, Barock: art, science, faith and technology in the contemporary age (curators: Eduardo Cicelyn, Mario Codognato), Museo d'Arte Contemporanea Donna Regina, Napoli^[59]
• 2011: No Family Life^[60] , Air de Paris,^[61] Paris^[62]
• 2012: Généralités^[63] , La Douane, Galerie Chantal Crousel, Paris^[64]
• 2013: Redemptions,^[65] C.C.A. Wattis, San Francisco^[66]
• 2014: Using Walls, Floors, and Ceilings^[67] , The Jewish Museum, New York^[68]
• 2015: Stop Seeking Approval, Metro Pictures, New York^[69]
• 2016: May our enemies not prosper,^[70] Galerie Neu, Berlin^{[71] [72]}
• 2018: Same war time zone, Holding Contemporary, Portland, OR^[73]
• 2019: Les printemps seront silencieux,^[74] Confort Moderne, Poiters FR
• 2019: La borsa e la vita,^[75] Palazzo Ducale di Genova, Genova, IT
• 2019: Claire Fontaine, Rolli Days,^[76] Strade e palazzo da vivere, Banca Carige, Sede Centrale, Genova, IT
• 2019: OK NO, Synnika,^[77] Frankfurt DE
• 2019: Ettore Majorana, Viaggio in Siclia, Planeta Sciaranuova, Castiglione di Sicilia IT 2009
• 2019: Too late to read, Longtang, Zurich CH
• 2019: Your Money and Your Life,^[78] Galeria Av. Da Índia: Tomadas, Lisbon PT

Further reading

• What Comes After Farce^[79] by Hal Foster, Human Strike (pg. 59–67) Verso, 224 pages / May 2020 /
• Out of This Disaster, New Approaches to Art May Emerge, Hal Foster on What—Or May Not—Come After Covid-19,^[80] Hal Foster, Literary Hub, May 21, 2020
• On Claire Fontaine at Reena Spaulings,^[81] Los Angeles, Anita Chari, May Quarterly Journal,^[82] No. 20 14 March 2020
• PFW FW20: Dior's Ode to the Past is a Path to the Future,^[83] Eliza Jordan, Whitewall 26.02. 2020
• Sorry, das ist Poster-Feminismus,^[84] Von Johanna Dürrholz, Frankfurter Allgemeine, 20.03.2020
• A Companion to Feminist Art, Hilary Robinson (Editor), Maria Elena Buszek (Editor), Dana Arnold (Series Editor) The Hidden Abode Beneath/Behind/Beyond the Factory Floor, Gendered Labor, and the Human Strike: Claire Fontaine's Italian Marxist Feminism, (p. 369) Jaleh Mansoor, Wiley-Blackwell, 2019 ^[85] 2019
• Collettivi di artisti, sul mercato l'unione fa la forza,^[86] Silvia Anna Barrilà, Il Sole 24 Ore, 04.08.2019
• Claire Fontaine: la borsa e la vita^[87] in Il primo amore, Umberto Sebastiano, 23.03.19
• Speculation as a Mode of Production, Forms of Value Subjectivity in Art and Capital,^[88] Marina Vishmidt, Haymarket Books, ^[89] 2019
• Going Nowhere, Slow: The Aesthetics and Politics of Depression, Mikkel Krause Frantzen, Zero Books ^[90] 2019
• Nuova luce su Ettore Majorana. Claire Fontaine protagonista di Viaggio in Sicilia di Planeta,^[91] Desirée Maida, Artibune 08.2019
• Storie dell'Arte / Claire Fontaine, ready-made per riflettere sul senso delle cose,^[92] Maria Chiara Valacchi, Corriere della Sera 30.10.2019
• Marshall Plan Modernism Italian Postwar Abstraction and the Beginnings of Autonomia, Jaleh Mansoor, Duke University Press ^[93]
• Prendi i soldi e vivi!,^[94] Andrea Rossetti, Exibart, Aprile 2019
• Les pompiers entre dévouement et amertume,^[95] Romain Pudal, Le Monde diplomatique, mars 2017
• Le traiettorie devianti delle immagini^[96] , Giovanna Ferrara, Il manifesto, 20.10.2017
• Claire Fontaine^[97] by François Piron, Flashart, 20.12. 2016
• Are we all Migrants?,^[98] Patrice Joly, Zero Deux, Issue #.76 2015
• Portrait of Claire Fontaine^[99] by Raimar Stange, Spike Magazine, No. 36 Summer 2013
• Crisis and Redemption: Claire Fontaine and the perceptual crisis of Neoliberalism,^[100] Anita Chari, Contemporary Political Theory 2013
• Claire Fontaine,^[101] Chris Wiley, Reviews, Frieze, Issue 146 04.2012
• Locating Claire Fontaine,^[102] Marie Heilich, Temporary Art Review, January 18, 2012
• Their Insurrection, ready-made artist Claire Fontaine fuses art, politics and irony, Rozalia Jovanovic, Modern Painters 10. 2011
• Critic's Picks, Mexico City: Claire Fontaine, Montserrat Albores Gleason, Artforum 03.2011
• Art Since 1900: Modernism, Antimodernism, Postmodernism by Hal Foster (Author), Rosalind Krauss (Author), Yve-Alain Bois (Author), Benjamin H. D. Buchloh (Author), David Joselit (Author), Thames & Hudson, ^[103] 2011
• Just who on earth is Claire Fontaine?,^[104] Ossian Ward, London Time Out, Thu Feb 3 2011
• Conversations^[105] , Manuel Fadat avec Claire Fontaine – Stephen Wright – Paul Ardenne – Alain Badiou, Art et politique, éditions Appendices, 2010
• Younger Than Jesus

^[106] The Reader, Steidl & Partners 2009

• Get Lost^[107] , Rachel Lois Clapham, July 2008
• Art of the possible: an interview with Jacques Ranciere,^[108] Fulvia Carnevale and John Kelsey, Artforum, p. 256, issue XLV, N.7, (March 2007)
• Pseudonyms, strikes and keys; appropriation and symbols,^[109] Vivian Sky Rehberg, Frieze, Issue #.105 04.03. 2007
• Musings on the Mutinies to Come,^[110] Jerry Saltz, The Village Voice 11 October 2005

External links

• Tiqqun: Conscious Organ of The Imaginary Party^[111]
• Tiqqun: Theory of Bloom^[112]
• Ready-Made Artist and Human Strike: A few Clarifications Claire Fontaine^[113]
• Instagram^[114]
• Twitter^[115]

Notes and References

1. Huberman. Anthony. Fontaine. Claire. 2008. Claire Fontaine. BOMB. 105. 22–29. 40428018. 0743-3204.
2. Fontaine. Claire. 146876233. 2014. Ready-Made Artist. Qui Parle. en. 22. 2. 57–68. 10.5250/quiparle.22.2.0057. 10.5250/quiparle.22.2.0057. 1041-8385.
3. Web site: Claire Fontaine. OperaViva Magazine. it-IT. 2020-05-26.
4. News: Claire Fontaine. en. frieze. 105. 2020-05-27. 0962-0672.
5. Web site: – Interview with Claire Fontaine: "Historical Fiction as Realism". 2008-05-25. realism working group. en. 2020-05-27.
6. Harbison. Isobel. Gianni. Ilaria. 2008. The Glue and the Wedge: The Cases of Claire Fontaine and Canell and Watkins. Circa. 124. 48–53. 10.2307/25564920. 25564920. 0263-9475.
7. Web site: Artist Claire Fontaine on the Dior Autumn-Winter 2020–2021 Set. YouTube. 2020-05-28.
8. Web site: The incredible feminist decor from the Dior show in pictures. Vogue Paris. 25 February 2020 . en-GB. 2020-05-27.
9. Book: CLAIRE FONTAINE : newsfloor.. 2019. Verlag DER BUCHHANDLUNG W. 978-3-96098-689-8. [Place of publication not identified]. 1126550396.
10. Web site: VIAGGIO IN SICILIA #8 Free EnergyTribute to Ettore Majorana. 2020-06-09. Planeta Winery. en-US.
11. Book: Claire Fontaine (Artist collective). Claire Fontaine : foreigners everywhere.. 2012. Walther König. Museion (Bolzano, Trentino-Alto Adige, Italy). 978-3-86335-170-0. Köln. 811743592.
12. Book: Katrib, Ruba.. Claire Fontaine : economies. 2010. Museum of Contemporary Art. McDonough, Tom, 1969–, Claire Fontaine (Artist collective), Museum of Contemporary Art (North Miami, Fla.). 978-1-888708-38-7. North Miami, FL. 652540968.
13. Web site: Lo sciopero umano. 2020-06-09. DeriveApprodi. it-IT.
14. Book: FONTAINE, CLAIRE.. LA GRVE HUMAINE : et lart de crer la libert.. 2020. DIAPHANES. 978-2-88928-046-9. [Place of publication not identified]. 1145103636.
15. Web site: The Human Strike Has Already Begun & Other Essays. 2020-06-09. Mute. en.
16. Book: Claire Fontaine (Artist collective). Human strike has already begun & other writings. 2013. 978-1-906496-88-3. London. 880682049.
17. Book: Claire Fontaine (Artist collective). Human strike has already begun & other writings. 2013. 978-1-906496-88-3. London. 880682049.
18. Web site: Claire Fontaine. Notas sobre economía libidinal (2011). 2020-06-09. Issuu. 31 March 2020 . en.
19. Web site: Some instructions for the sharing of private property – Claire Fontaine – onestar press. 2020-06-09. onestarpress.com. en-GB.
20. Web site: Éditions Dilecta. 2020-06-09. Éditions Dilecta. en.
21. Book: Fontaine., Claire. Vivre, vaincre. Dilecta. 2009. 978-2-916275-50-5. Bilingual. Paris. 370359154.
22. Web site: Claire Fontaine: Towards a Theory of Magic Materialism. 2020-06-09. diaphanes.fr. fr.
23. Book: Hoffmann, Jens, 1974–. In the meantime : speculations on art, curating, and exhibitions. 31 March 2020. 978-3-95679-491-9. Berlin. 1114864084.
24. Web site: The Visitor as a Commercial Partner: Notes on the 58th Venice Biennale. 2020-06-09. e-flux.com. en.
25. Web site: È solo l'inizio / Rifiuto, affetti, creatività nel lungo '68. 2020-06-09. OperaViva Magazine. it-IT.
26. Book: È solo l'inizio : rifiuto, affetti, creatività nel lungo '68. Bussoni, Ilaria,, Martino, Nicolas. 2018. 978-88-6948-107-9. Prima edizione. Verona. 1090171407.
27. Web site: MAY, Quarterly Journal. 2020-06-09. mayrevue.com.
28. Book: Press, The MIT. Boredom The MIT Press. Whitechapel: Documents of Contemporary Art . 27 January 2017 . 2020-06-09. The MIT Press. 9780262533447 . en.
29. Book: Boredom. McDonough, Tom, 1969–. 2017. 978-0-262-53344-7. Cambridge, Massachusetts. 956263935.
30. Web site: il manifesto. 2020-06-09. it-IT.
31. Web site: Our Common Critical Condition. 2020-06-09. e-flux.com. en.
32. Web site: MAY, Quarterly Journal » Weed and the practice of freedom. 2020-06-09. mayrevue.com.
33. Web site: MAY, Quarterly Journal. 2020-06-09. mayrevue.com.
34. Web site: We Are All Clitoridian Women: Notes on Carla Lonzi's Legacy. 2020-06-09. e-flux.com. en.
35. Web site: MAY, Quarterly Journal. 2020-06-09. mayrevue.com.
36. Fontaine. Claire. Fall 2009. Toward an Imageless Political Education. Diacritics, A Review of Contemporary Criticism, Johns Hopkins University Press, No.23. 39. 7–19. Project Muse.
37. Web site: MAY, Quarterly Journal. 2020-06-09. mayrevue.com.
38. Web site: Human strike within the field of libidinal economy. 2020-06-09. The Anarchist Library. en.
39. Book: Descent to revolution. 2010. Bureau for Open Culture. Voorhies, James Timothy., Bureau for Open Culture., Columbus College of Art and Design.. 978-0-9797476-4-9. Columbus. 649513797.
40. Web site: Download Petit manuel de torture à lusage des femmes-soldats ePub eBook @4423A70628A820AC72B148D5F39303E9.FARMACRED.COM.AR. 2020-06-09. 4423a70628a820ac72b148d5f39303e9.farmacred.com.ar.
41. Web site: 2020-06-09. L'immanenza del linguaggio: un dialogo con Claire Fontaine . 2020-06-09. Flash Art. it-IT.
42. Morletto. Eva. 20 May 2020. L'arte di essere libere.
43. Web site: Collecteurs. 2020-06-09. collecteurs.com.
44. Web site: Pretend to be dead. 2020-06-09. White Fungus. en.
45. Web site: Crano. Claire Fontaine, Andrew Culp and Ricky. Claire Fontaine, Andrew Culp and Ricky Crano: Claire Fontaine / Radical Philosophy. 2020-06-09. Radical Philosophy. en-US.
46. Web site: 2012-02-03. Claire Fontaine: "La nostra Italia bruciatache alla fine non cambia mai...". 2020-06-09. La Repubblica.
47. Web site: MAY, Quarterly Journal. 2020-06-09. mayrevue.com.
48. Web site: Art Papers. 2020-06-09. artpapers.org.
49. Harbison. Isobel. Gianni. Ilaria. 2008. The Glue and the Wedge: The Cases of Claire Fontaine and Canell and Watkins. Circa. 124. 48–53. 10.2307/25564920. 25564920. 0263-9475.
50. Web site: Circa Art Magazine • Writings on Visual Arts in Ireland. 2020-06-09. Circa Art Magazine. en-US.
51. Web site: Claire Fontaine by Anthony Huberman – BOMB Magazine. 2020-06-09. bombmagazine.org. October 2008 .
52. News: Filipovic. Elena. Josef Strau. en. frieze. 109. 2020-06-09. 0962-0672.
53. Web site: Claire Fontaine Zoo Galerie. 2020-06-09. fr-FR.
54. Web site: Zoo Galerie. 2020-06-09. fr-FR.
55. Web site: Claire Fontaine – "Taccuini di Guerra Incivile" — T293. 2020-06-12. t293.it.
56. Web site: Air de Paris – Claire Fontaine – Téléphone Arabe. 2020-06-12. airdeparis.com.
57. News: Lack. Jessica. 2008-07-11. Exhibition preview: Perplexed In Public, London. en-GB. The Guardian. 2020-05-27. 0261-3077.
58. Web site: Perplexed in public. 2008. Kunstaspekte. 2020-05-28.
59. News: Johnson. Ken. 2008-12-05. The Art Fair as Outlet Mall. en-US. The New York Times. 2020-05-27. 0362-4331.
60. Web site: Claire Fontaine – 11.02 – 19.03.2011. 2020-06-09. airdeparis.com.
61. Web site: Air de Paris – Claire Fontaine. 2020-06-09. airdeparis.com.
62. Web site: "No Family Life": Claire Fontaine at Air de Paris. 2011-09-20. The Toronto Review of Books. en. 2020-05-28.
63. Web site: Equivalences, 2012, Galerie Chantal Crousel, Paris. 2020-06-09. Galerie Chantal Crousel. en.
64. Web site: Généralités – Claire Fontaine – galerie Chantal Crousel – Critique. Salmeron. François. 18 April 2012. paris-art.com. 2020-05-27.
65. Web site: Claire Fontaine CCA Wattis Institute for Contemporary Arts. 2020-06-09. archive.wattis.org. en.
66. Book: Considine, Liam. https://books.google.com/books?id=bqtqDwAAQBAJ&pg=269. France and the Visual Arts since 1945: Remapping European Postwar and Contemporary Art. 2018-09-20. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. 978-1-5013-4154-0. Dossin. Catherine. 269. en. Claire Fontaine, Redemptions.
67. Web site: Claire Fontaine Launches Contemporary Art Series in Museum Lobby. 2020-06-09. The Jewish Museum.
68. Web site: The Jewish Museum. thejewishmuseum.org. 2020-05-27.
69. Web site: CLAIRE FONTAINE Stop Seeking Approval. Considine. Liam. 2015-04-02. The Brooklyn Rail. en-US. 2020-05-27.
70. Web site: May our enemies not prosper Galerie Neu. 2020-06-09. galerieneu.net.
71. Web site: Galerie Neu. Artforum. 23 June 2016 . en-US. 2020-05-27.
72. Web site: Berlin – Claire Fontaine: "May Our Enemies Not Prosper" at Galerie Neu Through July 15th, 2016. en-US. 2020-05-27.
73. Web site: Claire Fontaine / Same war time zone. HOLDING. en-US. 2020-05-28.
74. Web site: confort moderne. 2020-06-09. confort-moderne.fr.
75. Web site: 2019-03-08. La borsa e la vita, Claire Fontaine e il capitalismo in mostra al Ducale di Genova. 2020-06-09. Repubblica TV – Repubblica. it.
76. Web site: redazione. 2019-05-02. Carige per i Rolli Days apre al pubblico collezioni d'arte e caveau. 2020-06-09. Liguria Business Journal. it-IT.
77. Web site: OK NO SYNNIKA. 2020-06-09. synnika.space.
78. Web site: 2020-04-11. Galerias Municipais de Lisboa Your Money and Your Life. 2020-06-09. Galerias Municipais de Lisboa. pt-pt.
79. Web site: Verso. 2020-06-09. versobooks.com.
80. Web site: 2020-05-21. Out of This Disaster, New Approaches to Art May Emerge. 2020-06-09. Literary Hub. en-US.
81. Web site: MAY, Quarterly Journal » On Claire Fontaine at Reena Spaulings, Los Angeles. 2020-06-09. mayrevue.com.
82. Web site: MAY, Quarterly Journal. 2020-06-09. mayrevue.com.
83. Web site: 2020-02-26. PFW FW20: Dior's Ode to the Past is a Path to the Future. 2020-06-09. Whitewall.
84. News: Dürrholz. Johanna. Paris Fashion Week: Sorry, das ist Poster-Feminismus. de. Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung. 2020-06-09. 0174-4909.
85. Book: A companion to feminist art. Robinson, Hilary, 1956–, Buszek, Maria Elena, 1971–. 978-1-118-92917-9. Hoboken, NJ. 1081376220.
86. News: Collettivi di artisti, sul mercato l'unione fa la forza. it. Il Sole 24 ORE. 2020-06-09.
87. Web site: il primo amore. 2020-06-09. ilprimoamore.com.
88. . Beech . Dave . Marina Vishmidt: Speculation as a Mode of Production – Forms of Value Subjectivity in Art and Capital . Art Monthly . 425 . April 2019 . 37–38 .
89. Book: Vishmidt, Marina.. Speculation as a mode of production : forms of value subjectivity in art and capital. 2019. Haymarket Books. 978-1-64259-051-7. Chicago, IL. 1088740454.
90. Book: Frantzen, Mikkel Krause. Going nowhere, slow : the aesthetics and politics of depression. 29 November 2019. 978-1-78904-215-3. Winchester, UK. 1124609251.
91. Web site: Maida. Desirée. 2019-08-21. Claire Fontaine per l'ottava edizione di Viaggio in Sicilia di Planeta. 2020-06-09. Artribune. it-IT.
92. Web site: Storie dell'Arte / Claire Fontaine, ready-made per riflettere sul senso delle cose. 2020-06-09. Corriere della Sera. it.
93. Book: Mansoor, Jaleh, 1975–. Marshall Plan modernism : Italian postwar abstraction and the beginnings of autonomia. 30 September 2016. 978-0-8223-6245-6. Durham. 930683605.
94. Web site: Andrea Rossetti. 2019-04-12. Prendi i soldi e vivi! exibart.com. 2020-06-09. exibart.com. it-IT.
95. Web site: Les pompiers entre dévouement et amertume . 2020-06-09 . Le Monde diplomatique.
96. Web site: il manifesto. 2020-06-09. it-IT.
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