Cixiinae Explained

Cixiinae is a planthopper subfamily in the family Cixiidae. It is one of three such subfamilies, the other two being the Bothriocerinae and the Borystheninae.[1] While a few species had been tested in a larger study of the Fulgoroidea,[2] neither the Cixiinae nor its tribes were analysed cladistically until 2002.[3] Resolution of tribal relationships is incomplete and additional testing of the tribes with samples larger than one per tribe is needed.[4]

Tribes

In 1938 Metcalf divided the Cixiinae into tribes, including the Cixiini and Oecleini of Muir;[5] however, those divisions were seldom referred to and remained unanalysed for decades. Subsequently, the Stenophlepsiini were returned to the Cixiinae, and the Pentastirini were subdivided into the Pentastirina and Oliarina subtribes.[6] However, Oliarina was later synonymized under Pentastirina.[7] In 2002, Emeljanov created seven new tribes and in 2004 subtribe Mnemosynina of tribe Pentastirini was raised to tribal level as the Mnemosynini.[8]

Currently there are sixteen recognized tribes, although some tribes lack adequate description:

Notes and References

  1. Larivière, Marie‐Claude. Hoch, Hannelore. amp. 1998. The New Zealand planthopper genus Semo White (Hemiptera: Cixiidae): taxonomic review, geographical distribution, and biology. New Zealand Journal of Zoology. 25. 4. 429 - 442, page 429. https://web.archive.org/web/20140109162907/http://download.naturkundemuseum-berlin.de/hannelore.hoch/lariviere_hoch_1998.pdf. 9 January 2014. live. 10.1080/03014223.1998.9518166. free.
  2. Emeljanov, A. F.. 1989. To the problem of division of the family Cixiidae (Homoptera, Cicadina). Entomological Review. 68. 4. 54 - 67. https://web.archive.org/web/20140109163739/http://ag.udel.edu/delpha/1325.pdf. 9 January 2014. live.
  3. Emeljanov, A. F.. 2002. Contribution to classification and phylogeny of the family Cixiidae (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha). Denisia. 4. 103 - 112. https://web.archive.org/web/20140109185408/http://www.landesmuseum.at/pdf_frei_remote/DENISIA_0004_0103-0112.pdf. 9 January 2014. live.
  4. Ceotto, Paula . Bourgoin, Thierry. 2008. Insights into the phylogenetic relationships within Cixiidae (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha): cladistic analysis of a morphological dataset. Systematic Entomology. 33. 3. 484 - 500. https://web.archive.org/web/20140109173800/http://ag.udel.edu/delpha/538.pdf. 9 January 2014. live. 10.1111/j.1365-3113.2008.00426.x. 54826343.
  5. Metcalf, Zeno Payne. 1938. The Fulgorina of Barro Colorado and other parts of Panama. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology. 82. 5. 277 - 423.
  6. Emeljanov, A. F.. 1971. New genera of leafhoppers of the families Cixiidae and Issidãe (Homoptera, Auchenorrhyncha) in the USSR. Entomological Review (Энтомологическое обозрение). 50. 3. 350 - 354. https://web.archive.org/web/20140109165848/http://ag.udel.edu/delpha/1275.pdf. 9 January 2014. live.
  7. Holzinger, W. E. . Emeljanov, A. F. . Kammerlander, I. . 2002. The family Cixiidae Spinola 1839 (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha)–a review. Denisia. 4. 113 - 138. https://web.archive.org/web/20140109170819/http://www.landesmuseum.at/pdf_frei_remote/DENISIA_0004_0113-0138.pdf. 9 January 2014. live.
  8. Szwedo, Jacek. 2004. Autrimpus sambiorum gen. and sp. nov. from Eocene Baltic amber and notes on Mnemosynini stat. nov. (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Cixiidae). Annales Zoologici. BioOne (Museum and Institute of Zoology at the Polish Academy of Sciences). 54. 3. 567 - 578. Abstract

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