Nelson (New Zealand electorate) explained

Nelson
Parl Name:New Zealand House of Representatives
Map2:Nelson electorate, 2014
Map Entity:Nelson
Map Year:2014
Area:525.68km2
Year:1853
Type:Single-member
Blank1 Name:Current MP
Blank1 Info:Rachel Boyack
Blank2 Name:Party
Blank2 Info:Labour
Region:Nelson and Tasman

Nelson is a New Zealand parliamentary electorate, returning one Member of Parliament to the House of Representatives of New Zealand. From 1853 to 1860, the electorate was called Town of Nelson. From 1860 to 1881, it was City of Nelson. The electorate is the only one that has continuously existed since the 1st Parliament in 1853.

The current MP for Nelson is Rachel Boyack of the Labour Party after defeating long time incumbent Nick Smith of the National Party in the 2020 general election.

Population centres

Nelson is based around the city of Nelson, with the town of Richmond and the smaller community of Hope drafted in to bring the electorate up to the required population quota.

A significant adjustment to the electorate's boundaries was carried out ahead of the change to mixed-member proportional (MMP) voting in 1996; the decrease in South Island electorates from 25 to 16 lead to the abolition of one western South Island electorate; Tasman was split between West Coast and the then (geographically) much smaller Nelson electorate.

The Representation Commission adjusted the boundaries in the 2007 review, which first applied at the ;[1] the electorate was not changed in the 2013/14 review.[2] Brightwater was moved to West Coast-Tasman at the 2020 redistribution.[3]

History

An electorate based around Nelson has been contested at every election since the first Parliament in 1853. Two of the original 24 electorates from the 1st Parliament still exist (New Plymouth is the other one), but Nelson is the only original electorate that has existed continuously.

The electorate was initially known as Town of Nelson. From 1866 to 1881, it was called City of Nelson. Since 1881, it has been known as simply Nelson.

From 1853 to 1881, Nelson was a two-member electorate. James Mackay and William Travers were the first two representatives elected in 1853. Travers and William Cautley (MP for Waimea) both resigned on 26 May 1854. Travers subsequently contested the seat that Cautley had vacated, being elected in the 21 June 1854 Waimea by-election. Samuel Stephens, who succeeded Travers in Nelson, died before the end of the first term, but the seat remained vacant.

Alfred Domett retired from politics at the end of the 3rd Parliament. Edward Stafford resigned in 1868 during the term of the 4th Parliament. Nathaniel Edwards won the resulting by-election. Martin Lightband resigned after a year in Parliament in 1872 and was succeeded by David Luckie.

Nelson became a single member electorate in 1881. Henry Levestam, who was first elected in an 1881 by-election to replace Adams was confirmed by the voters at the next three general elections (1881, 1884 and 1887), but he died in office on 11 February 1889.

Joseph Harkness won the resulting and was confirmed in the . He retired at the end of the parliamentary term in 1893 and was succeeded by John Graham, who with the started a representation of the electorate that would last until his retirement in 1911.

Harry Atmore an Independent Member of Parliament succeeded John Graham in the, but he was defeated at the next election in 1914 by Thomas Field of the Reform Party. At the subsequent election in, Atmore defeated Field and represented the electorate until his death on 21 August 1946.

Atmore's death did not cause a by-election, as the was held in November of that year. The contest was won by Edgar Neale of the National Party. He held the electorate until 1957, when he retired.

Neale was succeeded by Stan Whitehead of the Labour Party in the . This started Labour's dominance in the electorate, which was to last for four decades. Whitehead died on 9 January 1976 in the office and this caused the, which was won by Labour's Mel Courtney. In the, Courtney stood as an Independent against Labour's Philip Woollaston, with the latter the successful candidate. Woollaston retired in 1990 and was succeeded by Labour's John Blincoe. When the electorate was enlarged for the, it absorbed most of the former seat of Tasman, held by National's Nick Smith. Smith defeated Blincoe and held the seat until the 2020 election, when Labour's Rachel Boyack won the seat.

Despite a National Party candidate being elected for Nelson between 1996 and 2020, Labour has won the party vote in Nelson in all but three elections during the period (the three elections of the Fifth National Government). Nelson is also an electorate in which the Green Party performs better locally than the party does nationally. Combined, votes at the 2017 election for the Green Party candidate Matt Lawrey and Labour Party candidate Rachel Boyack would have been sufficient to unseat the incumbent Smith.[4]

Members of Parliament

Key

multi-member electorate

width=100ElectionWinners
width=5 rowspan=2 bgcolor= width=170 rowspan=2 James Mackaywidth=5 bgcolor= width=170 William Travers
bgcolor= Samuel Stephens
Alfred DomettEdward Stafford
1860 election
1866 electionOswald Curtis
bgcolor= Nathaniel Edwards[5]
bgcolor= Martin Lightband[6]
bgcolor= David Mitchell Luckie[7]
1875 electionbgcolor= John Sharp[8]
Acton Adams[9]
Albert Pitt
bgcolor= Henry Levestam

single-member electorate

width=100Electionwidth=175 colspan=2Winner
Henry Levestam
Joseph Harkness
John Graham
bgcolor=Harry Atmore
bgcolor=Thomas Field
Harry Atmore
Edgar Neale
Stan Whitehead
Mel Courtney
Philip Woollaston
John Blincoe
Nick Smith
Rachel Boyack

List MPs

Members of Parliament elected from party lists in elections where that person also unsuccessfully contested the Nelson electorate. Unless otherwise stated, all MPs terms began and ended at general elections.

width=100Electionwidth=175 colspan=2Winner
width=5 bgcolor=Mike Ward
Maryan Street
bgcolor=Chris Baillie
bgcolor=Nick Smith

Election results

2011 election

Electorate (as at 26 November 2011): 46,817[10]

2002 election

a United Future swing is compared to the 1999 results of United NZ and Future NZ, who merged in 2000.

1911 election

|-|style="background-color:#E9E9E9" ! colspan="6" style="text-align:left;" |Second ballot result|-

1908 election

|-|style="background-color:#E9E9E9" ! colspan="6" style="text-align:left;" |Second ballot result|-

1868 by-election

References

External links

Notes and References

  1. Book: Report of the Representation Commission 2007 . 978-0-477-10414-2 . Representation Commission . 26 September 2014 . 9 . 14 September 2007 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190123193826/https://www.elections.org.nz/sites/default/files/2007%20Representation%20Commission%20Report.pdf . 23 January 2019 . dead .
  2. Book: Report of the Representation Commission 2014 . 978-0-477-10414-2 . Representation Commission . 26 September 2014 . 10 . 4 April 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20141006075102/http://www.elections.org.nz/sites/default/files/bulk-upload/documents/report_of_the_representation_commission_2014.pdf . 6 October 2014 . dead .
  3. Web site: Report of the Representation Commission 2020 . 17 April 2020 . 19 April 2020.
  4. News: Cherie Sivignon. 24 September 2017. Nick Smith wins Nelson seat, electors see red for party vote. Nelson Mail. Stuff.co.nz. 13 October 2017.
  5. Book: The Cyclopedia of New Zealand : Nelson, Marlborough & Westland Provincial Districts . 1906 . Cyclopedia Company Limited . 4 July 2010 . Christchurch . Present And Past Members Of Parliament.
  6. Book: The Cyclopedia of New Zealand : Nelson, Marlborough & Westland Provincial Districts . 1906 . Cyclopedia Company Limited . 4 July 2010 . Christchurch . Present And Past Members Of Parliament.
  7. Book: The Cyclopedia of New Zealand : Nelson, Marlborough & Westland Provincial Districts . 1906 . Cyclopedia Company Limited . 4 July 2010 . Christchurch . Present And Past Members Of Parliament.
  8. Book: The Cyclopedia of New Zealand : Nelson, Marlborough & Westland Provincial Districts . 1906 . Cyclopedia Company Limited . 4 July 2010 . Christchurch . Present And Past Members Of Parliament.
  9. Book: The Cyclopedia of New Zealand : Nelson, Marlborough & Westland Provincial Districts . 1906 . Cyclopedia Company Limited . 4 July 2010 . Christchurch . Present And Past Members Of Parliament.
  10. Web site: Enrolment statistics . Electoral Commission . 26 November 2011 . 27 November 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20111110032655/http://www.elections.org.nz/ages/ . 10 November 2011 . dead .