Martinsville, Virginia Explained

Official Name:Martinsville, Virginia
Settlement Type:Independent city
Nickname:M-Ville, The 276, Titletown
Motto:A City Without Limits
Established Title:Founded
Established Date:1791
Established Title1:Incorporated (town)
Established Date1:1873
Established Title2:Incorporated (city)
Established Date2:1929
Named For:Joseph Martin
Area Total Sq Mi:11.01
Area Land Sq Mi:10.96
Area Water Sq Mi:0.05
Elevation M:310
Elevation Ft:1017
Coordinates:36.6861°N -79.8692°W
Population As Of:2020
Population Total:13485
Population Density Sq Mi:auto
Mapsize:250x200px
Subdivision Type:Country
Subdivision Name:United States
Subdivision Type1:State
Subdivision Name1:Virginia
Subdivision Type2:County
Subdivision Name2:None (Independent city)
Government Type:Council-manager
Leader Title1:Mayor
Leader Name1:L.C. Jones (I)
Leader Title2:Vice Mayor
Leader Name2:Aaron Rawls
Leader Title3:Council
Leader Name3:Martinsville City Council
Timezone:Eastern (EST)
Utc Offset:−5
Timezone Dst:EDT
Utc Offset Dst:−4
Postal Code Type:ZIP codes
Postal Code:24112-24115
Area Code:276
Blank Name:FIPS code
Blank Info:51-49784[1]
Blank1 Name:GNIS feature ID
Blank1 Info:1498514[2]
Website:http://www.martinsville-va.gov
Unit Pref:Imperial
Area Footnotes:[3]
Area Total Km2:28.51
Area Land Km2:28.37
Area Water Km2:0.14
Population Density Km2:auto

Martinsville is an independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 13,485.[4] A community of both Southside and Southwest Virginia, it is the county seat of Henry County,[5] although the two are separate jurisdictions. The Bureau of Economic Analysis combines the city of Martinsville with Henry County for statistical purposes.

Martinsville is the principal city of the Martinsville Micropolitan Statistical Area, which includes the communities and towns of Axton, Bassett, Chatmoss, Collinsville, Fieldale, Horsepasture, Laurel Park, Oak Level, Sandy Level, Stanleytown, Villa Heights, Spencer and Ridgeway. The Martinsville Micro Area have a population of 63,765 as of the 2020 census.[6] [7]

The paper clip-shaped Martinsville Speedway, the shortest track in the NASCAR Cup Series at 0.526miles and one of the first paved "speedways", is located just outside the city near the town of Ridgeway.

History

Martinsville was founded by American Revolutionary War General, Native American agent and explorer Joseph Martin, born in Albemarle County.[8] He developed his plantation Scuffle Hill on the banks of the Smith River near the present-day southern city limits. General Martin and revolutionary patriot Patrick Henry, who lived briefly in Henry County and for whom the county is named, were good friends.[9] [10]

20th century

DuPont in 1941 built a large manufacturing plant for producing textile nylon filament, a vital war material. During the Cold War, the city was identified as a target for strategic bombing by the Soviet Union. This nylon production jump-started the growth of the textiles industry in the area.[11] [12]

In 1947, the paperclip-shaped oval Martinsville Speedway opened. In use by NASCAR since their inaugural season in 1949, it is still in operation by the racing organization today. The speedway is the shortest oval in NASCAR.[13]

For several years Martinsville was known as the "Sweatshirt Capital of the World", and in the 1980s it boasted of having more millionaires per capita than any city in America.[14] [15] [16]

Business leaders in the mid-20th century, like Whitney Shumate, worked to improve sub-standard housing in Martinsville. He helped clear out a portion of Martinsville called "Mill Town", which had sub-standard rental housing originally provided for 19th century employees of a now defunct cotton mill. New homes were constructed in the neighborhood, built with sound materials and with all city services for the first time. What had originally been considered a depressed civic area rapidly became a center of progress as middle class Black residents finally began to prosper. As an editorial in the local newspaper noted, "One of the projects which won him considerable attention and praise was the instigation of the redevelopment of what was once known as Martinsville Cotton Mill Village. He and associates purchased about 50 houses in North Martinsville, and using private capital rather than federal aid, rebuilt them into comfortably inhabitable homes, making it possible for many persons to purchase homes within their financial range."[17]

In the early 1990s, changing global economic conditions and new trade treaties made Martinsville textiles and furniture manufacturing economically unsustainable. Many firms closed shop and laid off thousands of workers; the production moved offshore to other countries.[18] The city is repositioning itself long-term as a center for technology development and manufacturing.

MZM, Inc. opened a facility in Martinsville as part of the Cunningham scandal.[19] [20]

Memorial Hospital of Martinsville (now combined with the hospital in Danville, Virginia to become Sovah Health.) serves the greater Martinsville and Henry County area.[21] The earliest local hospital was the 50-bed Shackelford Hospital,[22] founded by Dr. Jesse Martin Shackelford,[23] who was later joined by surgeon son Dr. John Armstrong Shackelford, an early graduate of Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.[24] Founder of the Hospital Association of Virginia, Dr. Jesse Shackelford was an early advocate of comprehensive care for state citizens. Shackelford Hospital was sold in 1946, and Martinsville General Hospital subsequently opened with Dr. John Shackelford as its first chief surgeon.[25] In 1970 Memorial Hospital of Martinsville opened its doors, replacing Martinsville General.

21st century

In 2008, then Illinois Democratic Senator and 44th President of the United States Barack Obama held a campaign stop in Martinsville.[26] [27]

On January 2, 2013, Kim Adkins was re-elected as mayor.[28]

In August 2021, Virginia Governor Ralph Northam pardoned all 7 African-American men of the Martinsville Seven.[29] [30] [31]

On January 3, 2023, L.C. Jones was elected as new mayor.[32]

Relationship with Henry County

Martinsville's relationship with Henry County is somewhat complex. Martinsville was fully included in Henry County's jurisdiction until it was declared a city by court order in 1928.[33] As with all cities in Virginia, Martinsville's incorporation as a city made it independent from Henry County's jurisdiction. Although Martinsville technically remains the county seat of Henry County, nearby Collinsville serves as the de facto county seat, as it is where the county's primary administrative and judicial offices are located. However, the future of this jurisdictional arrangement became unclear when Martinsville's city council unanimously voted in favor of beginning the process of reverting from a city to a town (which would reincorporate it into the county's jurisdiction) on December 10, 2019,[34] citing economic and demographic concerns.[35] The time frame for this reversion remains unclear, as the city's petition to revert must first be approved by a three-judge panel[35] in the state courts, after which begins a complex process of negotiation with the county over the division of responsibilities.[36] On January 11, 2023, the city council voted to end the reversion process.[37] [38]

The Beaver Creek Plantation,[39] John Waddey Carter House,[40] Dry Bridge School,[41] East Church Street-Starling Avenue Historic District,[42] Fayette Street Historic District, Little Post Office,[43] Martinsville Fish Dam,[44] Martinsville Historic District,Martinsville Novelty Corporation Factory,[45] and Scuffle Hill are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 11sqmi, of which 11sqmi is land and 0.1sqmi (0.5%) is water.[46] The north side of the city has the highest average elevation. The east side slopes gradually down to the Smith River on the south side. The west side is hilly. Martinsville is located in the Southern Virginia region near the Virginia–North Carolina state line and is 17miles northwest of Eden, North Carolina,[47] 30miles northwest of Danville,[48] 48miles north of Greensboro, North Carolina.[49] 51miles south of Roanoke,[50] and 54miles northeast of Winston-Salem, North Carolina.[51]

Climate

Demographics

2020 census

Martinsville city, Virginia - Demographic Profile
(NH = Non-Hispanic)!Race / Ethnicity!Pop 2010[52] !Pop 2020[53] !% 2010!% 2020
White alone (NH)6,7075,73248.53%42.51%
Black or African American alone (NH)6,1916,04344.79%44.81%
Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH)18230.13%0.17%
Asian alone (NH)1271160.92%0.86%
Pacific Islander alone (NH)040.00%0.03%
Some Other Race alone (NH)10460.07%0.34%
Mixed Race/Multi-Racial (NH)2164961.56%3.68%
Hispanic or Latino (any race)5521,0253.99%7.60%
Total13,82113,485100.00%100.00%
Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.

2010 census

As of the census[54] of 2010, there were 13,821 people, 6,498 households, and 4,022 families residing in the city. The population density was 1407.1/sqmi. There were 7,249 housing units at an average density of 661.7/sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 48.38% White, 45.45% African American, 0.10% Native American, 0.47% Asian, 0.69% from other races, and 0.81% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 5.70% of the population.

There were 6,498 households, out of which 26.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.0% were married couples living together, 19.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.1% were non-families. 34.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.27 and the average family size was 2.89.

The age distribution was 22.6% under the age of 18, 7.0% from 18 to 24, 26.7% from 25 to 44, 23.2% from 45 to 64, and 20.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 82.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 78.4 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $27,441, and the median income for a family was $35,321. Males had a median income of $28,530 versus $21,367 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,251. About 14.0% of families and 19.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 25.6% of those under age 18 and 16.9% of those age 65 or over. As of August 2010, the city's unemployment rate stood at 20 percent.[55]

Economy

The city's chief industry for many early years was the manufacture of plug chewing tobacco. The Henry County area became known as the "plug tobacco capital of the world".[56] In the wake of the collapse of the plantation economy following the American Civil War, the local economy was reeling. Stepping into the breach were several thriving plug firms which sold their merchandise across the nation beginning in the nineteenth century.

Local families were heavily involved in these companies, bestowing their names on them and reaping sizeable profits until the early twentieth century, when the tobacco monopolies created by R.J. Reynolds and James Buchanan Duke bought out most firms.[57] (In most cases, in bold anti-competitive moves, the two tobacco titans simply shut down their acquisitions overnight.[58] These actions resulted in a U.S. government lawsuit against American Tobacco Company.[59]) Among the earliest of these firms were D.H. Spencer & Sons and Spencer Bros. Other families soon joined in founding other early firms, including the Gravelys, the Comptons, the Ruckers, the Wittens, the Lesters and the Browns.

The city's main industry for a century was furniture construction, and today Virginia furniture makers still reside in the region.[60]

On the retail front, Liberty Fair Mall opened in 1989.[61] In 2014, it was renamed the Village of Martinsville.[62]

On October 28, 2021, it was announced the Colorado-based apparel and footwear company VF Corporation will continue to expand in Martinsville creating 82 new jobs, while investing $10 million into the area.[63] Other companies such as Georgia Pacific, Radial, Inc., Crown Holdings, and Eastman Chemical Company are also located in the area.[64] [65] [66] [67] [68]

Government

Local government

The City of Martinsville operates under a council-manager government.[69] The city council has five members who serve four-year terms. Every two years, the council elects a mayor and vice-mayor from among its members. An appointed city manager controls daily operations and manages the city's activities.

Current council members:[70]

Federal, state and county representation

The city of Martinsville and also Henry County is located in Virginia's 9th congressional district and is currently served by Republican Morgan Griffith.[71] Martinsville is served by one member of the Virginia House of Delegates, Paul Krizek (D-16th), and one member of the Virginia Senate, Bill Stanley (R-20th).[72] [73]

Politics

Transportation

Interstate highways

Public transportation

The Piedmont Area Regional Transit (PART) operates and serves the city of Martinsville. Routes include parts of both Martinsville and Henry county.[74]

Air

Martinsville is served by two commercial airports. Roanoke–Blacksburg Regional Airport in Roanoke, and Piedmont Triad International Airport in Greensboro, North Carolina.[75]

The Blue Ridge Airport is used for general aviation and is located 9miles outside the city.[76]

Education

The city is served by the Martinsville City Public Schools.[77] There are five public schools in Martinsville:

Piedmont Governor's School for Mathematics, Science, and Technology is a magnet school serving both 11th & 12th grade students who take advanced courses.[83]

The city is also home to the K-12 private school, Carlisle School.[84] The school serves approximately 400 students, about 130 of them are high school students. The School was established in 1968[85]

Colleges and universities in Martinsville include the New College Institute[86] and Patrick & Henry Community College, where students can also take satellite courses through Old Dominion University.[87]

Religion

Houses of Worship in Martinsville:

Arts and culture

Established in 1984, non-profit museum affiliated with the Smithsonian Institution[108]

Events and festivals

Sports

Martinsville is home to the Martinsville Mustangs of the Coastal Plain League, a collegiate summer baseball league.[115] The Mustangs play at Hooker Field in Martinsville.[116] The Mustangs began play for the league's 2005 season. Martinsville was also home to two Minor league baseball teams, Martinsville Astros and Martinsville Phillies both Class-A affiliates of the Houston Astros and Philadelphia Phillies respectfully.[117] [118] [119]

The Martinsville area is also home to Martinsville Speedway, which opened in 1947.[120] The NASCAR Cup Series and NASCAR Xfinity Series hosts two races there every year while the NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series hosts one race there every year. The speedway also host the NASCAR Whelen All-American Series.[121]

Notable people

Media

Print

Television

Martinsville is served by television stations in the Roanoke/Lynchburg television market. In addition Martinsville also receive television stations in the Greensboro/Winston-Salem/High Point television market.

Radio stations

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: U.S. Census website. United States Census Bureau. 2008-01-31.
  2. Web site: US Board on Geographic Names. 2008-01-31. United States Geological Survey. 2007-10-25.
  3. Web site: 2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files. United States Census Bureau. August 7, 2020.
  4. Web site: Martinsville city, Martinsville city, Virginia. United States Census Bureau. January 30, 2022.
  5. Web site: Find a County . 2011-06-07 . National Association of Counties . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110531210815/http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx . May 31, 2011 .
  6. Web site: Something has changed in Henry County, more people are now moving in than moving out. Yancey. Dwayne. October 25, 2022. Cardinal News. January 21, 2024.
  7. Web site: Martinsville is growing. Wyatt. Bill. September 2, 2022. Martinsville Bulletin. January 21, 2024.
  8. https://books.google.com/books?id=z2VzSg9hfp0C&pg=PA611 Virginia: A Guide to the Old Dominion'(Sixth Printing, 1956). Virginia Writers' Project, Work Projects Administration. p. 611. New York: Oxford University Press
  9. Web site: Looking back on Southside: Three transitions. Dorsey. Barry. December 24, 2017. Martinsville Bulletin. December 24, 2017.
  10. Web site: Local author explores Martinsville, Henry County history through a new lens. September 26, 2019. Henry County Enterprise. April 24, 2023.
  11. Web site: DuPont To Shut Area Nylon Plant; 600 People Will Lose Jobs By '98. August 27, 1996. Greensboro News & Record. April 24, 2023.
  12. Web site: Remembering When The DuPont Plant Opened 60 Years Ago. Shearer. John. July 20, 2008. Chattanoogan.com. April 30, 2023.
  13. Web site: Martinsville Speedway Turns 75. Jensen. Tom. April 5, 2022. NASCAR Hall of Fame. September 22, 2023.
  14. Derks, Scott. Working Americans, 1880-1999: Sports & recreation, 2000, page 426.
  15. Web site: Martinsville's textile heritage celebrated at Founders Day. Hietala. Callie. March 25, 2022. Henrycountyenterprise.com. July 4, 2022.
  16. Web site: Organizing the South's 'Sweatshirt Capital'. Young. Denise. July 2, 2022. unityarchiveproject.org. July 4, 2022.
  17. Martinsville Bulletin. March 3, 1966. "City Loses Citizen who Helped Make it a Better Community."
  18. http://www.roanoke.com/roatimes/henry/henry1.html "Threadbare: The Unravelling of Henry County"
  19. Web site: 'Duke' Of Deception. Rozen. Laura. January 13, 2006. CBS News. February 20, 2020.
  20. News: Pentagon To Scrap Site Connected To Scandal Rep. Goode's Earmark Led to Contract Award. Pincus. Walter. August 1, 2006. The Washington Post. April 26, 2023.
  21. Web site: Sovah Health – Martinsville. www.sovahhealth.com. Sovah Health. February 3, 2017. February 20, 2020.
  22. http://mhchistoricalsociety.com/Education/Articles/tabid/1398/articleType/ArticleView/articleId/15/The-Doctors-Shackelford-and-the-Shackelford-Hospital.aspx The Doctors Shackelford and the Shackelford Hospital, Martinsville-Henry County Historical Society
  23. http://mhchistoricalsociety.com/Education/Articles/tabid/1398/articleType/ArticleView/articleId/9/Dr-Jesse-Martin-Shackelford-MD-1869-1941.aspx Jesse Martin Shackelford, M.D., Martinsville Henry County Historical Society
  24. http://mhchistoricalsociety.com/Education/Articles/tabid/1398/articleType/ArticleView/articleId/10/John-Armstrong-Shackelford-MD-1893-1956.aspx John Armstrong Shackelford, M.D., Martinsville-Henry County Historical Society
  25. http://www.martinsvillehospital.org/CustomPage.asp?guidCustomContentID=0CA968CC-A380-49D1-B31C-CF2C520E62AC The History of Memorial Hospital
  26. Web site: Obama to visit Martinsville with Warner. Meola. Olympia. August 17, 2008. Richmond Times Dispatch. November 17, 2021.
  27. Web site: Economy key during Barack Obama's Virginia trip. Sluss. Michael. June 7, 2019. Roanoke.com. November 17, 2021.
  28. Web site: Breaking News: Adkins, Teague elected by city council. January 2, 2013. Martinsville Bulletin. September 30, 2023.
  29. News: Northam grants posthumous pardons to the Martinsville Seven, Black men executed in 1951 for rape. Schneider. Gregory. August 31, 2021. The Washington Post. November 15, 2021.
  30. Web site: 70 Years after being executed for rape, 7 Black Men are pardoned in Virginia. Vigdor. Neil. August 31, 2021. New York Times. November 15, 2021.
  31. Web site: 7 Black men were executed for an alleged rape in 1951, Now they've been pardoned. Sgueglia. Kristina. September 2, 2021. CNN. February 20, 2023.
  32. Web site: Jones, Rawls elected as mayor and vice mayor. Oliver. Maddy. January 5, 2023. Henry County Enterprise. June 15, 2023.
  33. Web site: The Hornbook of Virginia History: Cities of Virginia. Library of Virginia. Encyclopedia Virginia: Virginia Humanities. 19 December 2016. 30 January 2020.
  34. Web site: Martinsville Reversion. Henry County. 30 January 2020.
  35. Web site: After Nearly 70 Years in the Making, City of Martinsville Begins Process of Reversion to Town Status. Shayne. Dwyer. WSLS10. 11 December 2019. 30 January 2020.
  36. Web site: Martinsville's reversion to town moves forward following commission's recommendation. Crews. Daniel. October 15, 2021. WSET.com. October 15, 2021.
  37. Web site: We kept dumping money into a pit: Martinsville Council votes to end reversion process. Frolo. Caitlyn. January 11, 2023. WSET.com. June 15, 2023.
  38. Web site: City of Martinsville votes to end reversion process. Graham. Alli. January 11, 2023. WSLS.com. June 15, 2023.
  39. Web site: Beaver Creek, Henry County, Virginia. Hairston.org. June 14, 2023.
  40. Web site: The Grey Lady – Virginia is For Lovers. Virginia.org. June 14, 2023.
  41. Web site: Dry Bridge School State Historical Marker unveiled in Martinsville. Thomas. Will. October 2, 2021. WDBJ7.com. June 14, 2023.
  42. Web site: Area houses recognized as historically significant. Kozelsky. Holly. September 4, 2022. Martinsville Bulletin. June 14, 2023.
  43. Web site: Come, visit the Historic Little Post Office. Kozelsky. Holly. May 3, 2015. Martinsville Bulletin. June 15, 2023.
  44. Web site: Martinsville Fish Dam on Smith River – Virginia Is For Lovers. Virginia.org. June 15, 2023.
  45. Web site: Martinsville eyesore may get a new look. Kozelsky. Holly. February 28, 2019. Martinsville Bulletin. June 15, 2023.
  46. Web site: US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990. United States Census Bureau. 2011-04-23. 2011-02-12.
  47. Web site: Distance between Eden, NC and Martinsville, VA. distance-cities.com. February 22, 2023.
  48. Web site: Distance between Danville, VA and Martinsville, VA. www.distance-cities.com. July 29, 2021.
  49. Web site: Distance between Greensboro, NC and Martinsville, VA. www.distance-cities.com. July 29, 2021.
  50. Web site: Distance between Roanoke, VA and Martinsville, VA. www.distance-cities.com. July 29, 2021.
  51. Web site: Distance between Winston-Salem, NC and Martinsville, VA. distance-cities.com. February 22, 2023.
  52. Web site: P2 HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE - 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) -Martinsville city, Virginia. United States Census Bureau.
  53. Web site: P2 HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE - 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) - Martinsville city, Virginia. United States Census Bureau.
  54. Web site: U.S. Census website. United States Census Bureau. 2011-05-14.
  55. News: To Help or Not to Help . The Economist . August 26, 2010 . August 30, 2010 .
  56. Web site: The Tobacco Industry in the City of Martinsville and Henry County. Rucker. Steve. May 15, 2016. mhchistoricalsociety.org. July 11, 2022.
  57. Web site: Family/ The American Tobacco Company. Morris. Bill. July 1, 1995. Greensboro News & Record. February 23, 2023.
  58. https://books.google.com/books?id=VmICAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA14 The Tobacco Worker, Tobacco Workers International Union, 1907
  59. https://books.google.com/books?id=2uiy9-hSHzIC&pg=PA221 Federal Anti-trust Decisions, Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1917
  60. Web site: Furniture Heritage. VisitMartinsville.com. September 4, 2021.
  61. Web site: Powell . Mickey . January 6, 2017 . Martinsville mall doesn't include Sears building . July 4, 2022 . Martinsville Bulletin.
  62. Web site: Lambertsen . Kirsten . November 22, 2014 . Liberty Fair Mall gets new look and name . June 12, 2023 . WSLS.com.
  63. Web site: 82 new jobs planned as apparel company expands in Martinsville. Thomas. Pat. October 28, 2021. WDBJ7.com. October 28, 2021.
  64. Web site: Our Locations – Virginia. Georgia Pacific. June 13, 2023.
  65. Web site: Eastman Performance Films, LLC Martinsville, VA USA. Eastman. June 12, 2023.
  66. Web site: Radial Locations. Radial, Inc.. October 12, 2023.
  67. Web site: Crown Holdings To Build New Beverage Can Plant in Henry County, Virginia. January 28, 2021. Crown Holdings. October 12, 2023.
  68. Web site: Radial in Martinsville is looking for 400 seasonal employees. Stanbridge. Alexia. October 27, 2023. WSET.com. October 31, 2023.
  69. Web site: Martinsville, VA Official Website. martinsville-va.gov. October 7, 2023.
  70. Web site: City Council. martinsville-va.gov. September 29, 2023.
  71. Web site: Virginia Ninth Congressional District Election Results. December 5, 2022. The New York Times. October 3, 2023.
  72. Web site: Virginia House of Delegates Member Listings. VirginiaGeneralAssembly.gov. October 7, 2023.
  73. Web site: Senate of Virginia. apps.senate.virginia.gov. October 7, 2023.
  74. Web site: Bus System (P.A.R.T.). MartinsvilleVa.gov. September 5, 2021.
  75. Web site: Transportation. Visit Martinsville. June 12, 2023.
  76. Web site: About Us – Blue Ridge Regional Airport. Blue Ridge Airport. July 21, 2022.
  77. News: Martinsville City Public Schools – Official Website. martinsville.k12.va.us. October 9, 2019.
  78. Web site: About. Martinsville High School. 30 January 2020.
  79. Web site: About. Martinsville Middle School. 30 January 2020.
  80. Web site: About. Albert Harris Elementary School. 30 January 2020.
  81. Web site: About. Patrick Henry Elementary School. 30 January 2020.
  82. Web site: About. Clearview Early Childhood Center. 30 January 2020.
  83. Web site: Piedmont Governors School Homepage. pgsmst.com. June 12, 2023.
  84. Web site: Carlisle School Homepage. Carlisleschool.org. February 21, 2023.
  85. Web site: History of Carlisle School: Celebrating 54 years of Excellence in Education. carlisleschool.org. January 30, 2020.
  86. Web site: About NCI. newcollegeinstitute.org. May 8, 2020.
  87. Web site: About us – Patrick Henry Community College. PatrickHenry.edu. August 17, 2021.
  88. Web site: Who We Are. FBCMartinsville.com. April 13, 2022.
  89. Web site: About BSC. broadstreetchristian.com. April 13, 2022.
  90. Web site: The History of Christ Church. christchurchmvl.org. April 13, 2022.
  91. Web site: Christ's Church – Martinsville, Virginia. ccmartinsville.com. May 28, 2023.
  92. Web site: First Baptist Church of East Martinsville Homepage. fbcmartinsville.org. July 15, 2022.
  93. Web site: Welcome to Fayette Street Christian Church. Fayettestreetchristian.org. February 19, 2023.
  94. Web site: History of First United Methodist Church of Martinsville. fumcmartinsville.com. April 13, 2022.
  95. Web site: About Us – First Presbyterian Church. christchurchmvl.org. April 13, 2022.
  96. Web site: Refuge Temple Holiness Church Facebook homepage. m.facebook.com. April 13, 2022.
  97. Web site: Galilean House of Worship – GHOW – Martinsville VA. galileanhouse.org. February 19, 2023.
  98. Web site: Starling Avenue Baptist Church Homepage. starlingavenue.org. May 28, 2023.
  99. Web site: Welcome to Hope Presbyterian Church. Martinsvillehopepca.org. May 28, 2023.
  100. Web site: History of Temple Baptist Church. templebaptistva.com. May 28, 2023.
  101. Web site: Rich Acres Christian Church webpage. racconline.com. May 28, 2023.
  102. Web site: Woodland Heights Free Will Baptist Church Homepage. woodlandheightsfwb.org. May 28, 2023.
  103. Web site: Fellowship Church of Our Lord Jesus Christ Homepage: Welcome to Fellowship. inthefellowship.com. May 28, 2023.
  104. Web site: Mountainview Missionary Baptist Church: Welcome to the Mountain View Nation. mountainviewnation.com. May 28, 2023.
  105. Web site: CrossPoint Church: Homepage. crosspoint4u.com. June 12, 2023.
  106. News: About Piedmont Arts Association. www.piedmontarts.org. April 19, 2019.
  107. Web site: Winter programs begin at Piedmont Arts. Wyatt. Bill. October 31, 2023. Martinsville Bulletin. October 31, 2023.
  108. Web site: The Official website of the Virginia Museum of Natural History. vmnh.net. January 6, 2023.
  109. Web site: Henry County VA Fair Homepage. henrycountyvafair.com. February 22, 2023.
  110. Web site: Celebrate Oktoberfest with beer, sausage, and crafts in Martinsville. McMiller. Itinease. October 4, 2019. WSET.com. July 11, 2022.
  111. Web site: Oktoberfest in Martinsville is a little bit of everything for a whole bunch of everyone. Kozelsky. Holly. October 5, 2019. Martinsville Bulletin. July 11, 2022.
  112. Web site: Wine by the River – Wine Festival. winebyriver.com. October 7, 2023.
  113. Web site: Rooster Walk Music & Arts Festival Homepage. roosterwalk.com. October 9, 2023.
  114. Web site: Pancakes being served all day in Martinsville. Anstaett. Colter. October 12, 2017. WSLS.com. October 13, 2023.
  115. Web site: The official website of the Martinsville Mustangs. Martinsville Mustangs. July 11, 2022.
  116. Web site: About Hooker Field. Martinsville Mustangs. July 11, 2022.
  117. Web site: Martinsville Astros. funwhileitlasted.net. October 8, 2023.
  118. Web site: Martinsville's Bad Phillies team leads to Hall of Fame. Cooper. Cara. July 21, 2023. Martinsville Bulletin. October 8, 2023.
  119. Web site: Let's take a look at the Martinsville Phillies most successful players. Cooper. Cara. April 11, 2020. Martinsville Bulletin. October 8, 2023.
  120. News: About the Speedway. www.martinsvillespeedway.com. April 19, 2019.
  121. Web site: Modifieds bring history back with return to Martinsville. Lambert. Paul. March 30, 2021. NASCAR.com. April 15, 2021.
  122. Web site: Rabih Abdullah. Pro-Football-Reference.Com. August 17, 2021.
  123. Buddy Arrington Has Never Won A Grand National But He's No Loser. Buchanan. Rob. May 20, 1985. Sports Illustrated. April 12, 2022.
  124. Web site: John Robert Brown Biography. bioguide.congress.gov. October 10, 2023.
  125. Web site: Thomas G. Burch. EncyclopediaVirginia.org. September 4, 2021.
  126. Web site: Martinsville Track Owner Earles Dies/ H. Clay Earles, One of the Earliest Supporters of Stock Car Racing and the Founder of The Martinsville Speedway, Passes Away at Age 86. Long. Dustin. November 16, 1999. Greensboro News & Record. June 13, 2023.
  127. Web site: Greg Gaines. Pro-Football-Reference.Com. April 15, 2021.
  128. Web site: Local fighter Tony Gravely ready to fight for spot in UFC. Davis. Kendall. August 6, 2019. WDBJ7.com. August 17, 2021.
  129. Web site: Tony Gravely Bio. Ultimate Fighting Championship. December 26, 2019 . April 30, 2023.
  130. Web site: Carl Hairston. Pro-Football Reference.Com. May 8, 2020.
  131. Web site: Catching up with former UMES and NFL star Carl Hairston. Klingaman. Mike. September 15, 2017. The Baltimore Sun. July 15, 2022.
  132. Web site: George Hairston. Hairston.org. May 8, 2020.
  133. Web site: Robert Hairston. Hairston.org. May 8, 2020.
  134. Web site: A Playwright Who Won't let Anyone Off the Hook. Kumar. Naveen. November 28, 2018. The New York Times. August 17, 2021.
  135. Web site: Patrick Henry. history.com. The History Channel. May 8, 2020.
  136. Web site: Odell Hodge. ODUsports.com. September 5, 2021.
  137. Web site: Star Track: Odell Hodge. July 25, 2006. Daily Press. April 26, 2023.
  138. Web site: What In The World Is Odell Hodge Doing In Istanbul? Former ODU Star Adjusts To Basketball European-Style. Miller. Ed. November 27, 1997. scholar.lib.vt.edu. April 26, 2023.
  139. Web site: Randy Hundley. Baseball-Reference.com. September 5, 2021.
  140. Web site: The Top 100 Cubs of All Time – #64 Randy Hundley. Yellon. Al. December 18, 2006. bleedcubbieblue.com. July 11, 2022.
  141. Web site: Todd Hundley. Baseball-Reference.com. September 5, 2021.
  142. Web site: Hand-Me-Down Now A Prize Catch. Edes. Gordon. March 8, 1992. Sun-Sentinel. February 19, 2023.
  143. Web site: Todd Hundley Stats, Fantasy & News. MLB.com. MLB Advanced Media. February 23, 2023.
  144. Web site: Two Martinsville-area children injured in a road-rage shooting last month are gaining worldwide support inspired by the famous Hodgetwins . Kozelsky . Holly . May 3, 2019. Martinsville Bulletin.
  145. Web site: Magdalen Hsu-Li Biography. staff.washington.edu. University of Washington. April 13, 2022.
  146. Web site: Madonia crosses genres in latest book. Kozelsky. Holly. May 20, 2016. Martinsville Bulletin. August 31, 2021.
  147. Web site: Monument placed in Martin's honor. Powell. Mickey. June 29, 2008. Martinsville Bulletin. August 19, 2021.
  148. Web site: Delvin Joyce. Pro-Football-Reference.Com. April 16, 2021.
  149. Web site: Residents encouraged to pursue their dreams at NAACP ceremony. Collins. Paul. February 19, 2017. Martinsville Bulletin. April 26, 2023.
  150. Web site: Jordan Brand Classic: Mature Maker a big part of brother Thon's possible reclassification decision. Halley. Jim. April 17, 2015. usatodayhss.com. April 12, 2022.
  151. News: Ceiling high for 7-foot 1 NBA draft prospect Thon Maker. www.roanoke.com. December 6, 2018.
  152. Web site: Meeting the Maker: How one moment changed basketball. Hamlet. Harrison. June 25, 2016. Martinsville Bulletin. July 11, 2022.
  153. Web site: Thon Maker taken No.10 by Milwaukee Bucks in NBA Draft. Armas. Genaro. June 24, 2016. Toronto Star. April 24, 2023.
  154. Web site: 50 years removed from Mets' improbable World Series, J.C. Martin still has the bunt. Garfield. Ken. October 17, 2019. The Charlotte Observer. February 19, 2023.
  155. Web site: Wind FM's Barry Michaels has taken his VW Bug all over this land. Filmore. Andy. June 26, 2014. Ocala.com. April 10, 2022.
  156. Web site: Clyde Minter. racing-reference.info. October 8, 2023.
  157. News: Really, These Moore's are the most. Gildea. William. September 28, 1990. The Washington Post. April 16, 2021.
  158. Web site: Shawn Moore. Pro-Football-Reference.Com. April 11, 2019.
  159. Web site: Martinsville community remembers their little angel; slain WDBJ reporter Alison Parker. myfox8.com. August 27, 2015 . April 11, 2022.
  160. Web site: WDBJ7 Reporter Alison Parker, Photographer Adam Ward Killed on Live TV. Vinograd. Cassandra. August 26, 2015. NBC News. April 26, 2023.
  161. Web site: Jesse Penn. Pro-Football-Reference.Com. January 22, 2022.
  162. Web site: Martinsville native Nancy Redd writes 'Bedtime Bonet' to share black culture, style, and heritage with children. Kozelsky. Holly. April 1, 2020. Martinsville Bulletin. April 12, 2022.
  163. Web site: Philpot Dam construction paintings given to center. Winston. Eliza. September 21, 2010. Martinsville Bulletin. April 12, 2022.
  164. Web site: Whitney Shumate – Martinsville and Henry County VA. myMartinsville.com. April 12, 2022.
  165. Web site: The Long Walk: What Life Was Like for Gregory Swanson, the Lawyer Who Integrated UVA. Williamson. Eric. April 9, 2018. University of Virginia School of Law. University of Virginia. October 10, 2023.
  166. Web site: Robert Tuggle, Longtime Archivist of the Metropolitan Opera, Dies at 83. Roberts. Sam. January 27, 2016. The New York Times. September 22, 2023.
  167. Web site: Meet your Army: Gen. Dennis L. Via, Army Materiel Command. August 8, 2016. army.mil. United States Army. April 19, 2021.
  168. Web site: Head of Obama's Health Care Rollout to Lobby for Insurers. Pear. Robert. July 15, 2015. The New York Times. June 12, 2023.
  169. Web site: Jesse "Sonny" Wade. vasportshof.com. Virginia Sports Hall of Fame. June 11, 2016.
  170. Web site: If that day comes, Martinsville is welcome: Lou Whitaker benefiting from second look at his baseball career. Cooper. Cara. November 11, 2019. Martinsville Bulletin. January 22, 2022.
  171. Web site: Lou Whitaker's Hall of Fame dreams start and end with a little town in Virginia. Stavenhagen. Cody. December 5, 2019. The Athletic. July 4, 2022.
  172. Web site: Lou Whitaker Stats, Fantasy & News. MLB.com. MLB Advanced Media. February 19, 2023.
  173. Web site: Kennon Caithness Whittle, March 14, 1951-February 1, 1965. scvahistory.org. May 2, 2014 . April 13, 2022.
  174. Web site: Our History: Featured Alumni/ae: Whittle, Stafford G., 1871. libguides.law.virginia.edu. University of Virginia. April 13, 2022.
  175. Web site: Martinsville Bulletin Homepage. Martinsville Bulletin. July 21, 2022.
  176. Web site: WDBJ: Virginia Local News, Weather and Sports. WDBJ 7. July 4, 2022.
  177. Web site: Martinsville – WSLS 10. WSLS-TV. July 4, 2022.
  178. Web site: WSET: Lynchburg News, Weather, Sports and More. WSET-TV. July 4, 2022.
  179. Web site: WFXR News Homepage. WFXR. July 4, 2022.
  180. Web site: WWCW – Nexstar Media Group, Inc. nexstar.tv. July 4, 2022.
  181. Web site: WZBJ24 – WDBJ. WDBJ7.com. June 10, 2020 . July 4, 2022.
  182. Web site: WHEE – The Talk of the Town. whee.net. July 15, 2022.
  183. Web site: 96.3 ROV – The Rock of Virginia – Roanoke/Lynchburg's Home for Classic Rock. rovrocks.iheart.com. April 24, 2023.

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