Cidadania Explained

Cidadania
Colorcode:
  1. EC008C
President:Comte Bittencourt
General Secretary:Regis Cavalcante[1]
Registered:[2]
Think Tank:Fundação Astrojildo Pereira
Membership Year:2023
Membership: 431,846[3]
National:PSDB Cidadania Federation
International:São Paulo Forum (1992–2004)
Blank1 Title:Identification number
Blank1:23
Seats1 Title:Federal Senate
Seats2 Title:Chamber of Deputies
Seats3 Title:Legislative Assemblies[4]
Seats4 Title:Mayors[5]
Seats5 Title:Municipal Chambers[6] [7]
Country:Brazil

Cidadania is a Brazilian political party. It was originally founded as the Popular Socialist Party (Portuguese: Partido Popular Socialista, PPS) by members of the former Brazilian Communist Party (PCB), as a centre-left social democratic and democratic socialist party.[8] Despite its left-wing alignment, PPS moved to be opposition against the Workers' Party since 2004, forming alliances with centre-right parties, in particular the Brazilian Social Democracy Party (PSDB), and supporting the Impeachment of Dilma Rousseff.[9] Later the party's National Convention adopted the new naming in March 2019,[10] and it was later approved by the Superior Electoral Court that September.[11] The party then began moving towards a more social liberal position akin to the third way.

History

It was founded in 1992 after the main body of the Brazilian Communist Party (PCB) decided to reinvent itself as a social democratic party following the collapse of the Soviet Union. A minority faction of the Brazilian Communist Party retained the old name.The PPS was a part of the coalition government of Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva until December 2004, when its leader withdrew its support from the coalition.[12] Ciro Gomes of the PPS refused to resign from his position as Minister for National Integration, leading to his removal from the PPS's National Executive. The same year, PPS withdrew from the Foro de São Paulo, denouncing its support for the governments of Hugo Chávez in Venezuela and Fidel Castro in Cuba.[13]

In the 2006 legislative elections, the party won 21 seats in the chamber of deputies. At that time party members held the state governorships of Mato Grosso and Rondônia. In the presidential election, the PPS endorsed Geraldo Alckmin of the Brazilian Social Democracy Party (PSDB).

The PPS suffered setbacks in the 2010 general elections when it lost 10 seats in the Chamber of Deputies leaving just 12 remaining, although the party won its first Senate seat. It won no state governorships. The party again supported the PSDB presidential candidate, this time José Serra, and was part of his Brazil can do more alliance.

Later the party consolidated its position in the opposition to PT. It supported the impeachment of Dilma Rousseff in 2016[14] and formed a coalition with the provisional government with the Brazilian Democratic Movement Party (PMDB) and the PSDB, under the rule of Michel Temer.[15]

In 2018, the PPS leadership announced a name change. The justification, according to the leadership, was that the party needs to modernize to attract cadres from the entire political spectrum, new social movements and not be mistakenly branded as a radical party heir to the Brazilian Communist Party or close to parties linked with Brazilian old socialists like PT or PCdoB. The party received new members, such as former black-headed toucans, members of the progressive liberal LIVRES (Frees) movement, who left the PSL after the party took a hard turn to the right with Jair Bolsonaro's affiliation and support for his presidential campaign, and members of new progressive social movements like the AGORA (Now) and ACREDITO! (I Believe!). The party acquired a more liberal and less left-leaning ideology, occupying a more centrist position in the Brazilian political scenario.

The decision of the new party name was set to take place after the 2018 FIFA World Cup and the party would only rebrand itself definitively after the 2018 elections.[16]

For the Brazilian general elections of 2018 PPS joined the coalition To unite Brazil, in support of the candidacy of Geraldo Alckmin. The coalition also includes Brazilian Social Democracy Party, Democrats, Progressistas, Party of the Republic, Brazilian Republican Party, Solidariedade, Brazilian Labour Party and Social Democratic Party.

In 23 March 2019, in an Extraordinary Congress, the party decided to officially change its name to Citizenship (Cidadania), officially dropping any reference to socialism and social democracy and moving toward social liberal and centrist positions. The new name was to be judged by the TSE and was pending approval.[17] [18] [19] On 19 September 2019, the new name was approved by TSE.[20]

In an interview of 17 July 2019 party leader Roberto Freire said that Citizenship is in opposition to President Jair Bolsonaro,[21] starting a process of his impeachment,[22] although they had 83% alignment with the government in the congress.[23]

For the 2022 Brazilian general election, Citizenship formed a federation with the Brazilian Social Democracy Party (PSDB), forming the Always Forward Federation (or simply referred as the PSDB Cidanania Federation),[24] endorsing the campaign of Simone Tebet from the Brazilian Democratic Movement (MDB).[25] For the second round, the party endorsed Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva.[26]

International relations

Soon after its foundation, the Popular Socialist Party became a member of the Foro de São Paulo, an association of South American leftist parties which also included the majority of Brazilian left-wing formations (PCB, PCdoB, PT, PDT, PSB). However, in 2004 PPS withdrew from the Foro, denouncing its support for authoritarian regimes in Cuba and Venezuela.[27]

Despite being in the past a social democratic party, PPS has never been a member of the Socialist International (a position held by PDT) nor the Progressive Alliance (a position held by PSB and PT).

Electoral results

Presidential elections

YearCandidate Votes%
Ciro Gomes7,424,78311.0%
Ciro Gomes10,166,32412.0%
No candidate, endorsed Geraldo Alckminn/an/a
No candidate, endorsed José Serran/an/a
No candidate, endorsed Marina Silvan/an/a
2018No candidate, endorsed Geraldo Alckminn/an/a
2022No candidate, endorsed Simone Tebetn/an/a

Legislative elections

Election Chamber of DeputiesFederal SenateRole in government
Votes%Seats+/–Votes%Seats+/–
1994256,4850.56%New2,447,9312.55%New
1998872,3481.31% 11,846,8972.99% 0
20022,682,4873.07% 124,720,4083.07% 0
20063,630,4623.90% 61,232,5711.46% 0
20102,536,8092.63% 96,766,5173.97% 0
20141,955,6892.01% 2did not participate 1
20181,590,0841.62% 22,954,8001.72% 2
20225,000,9104.54% 3did not participate 1

Main leaders

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Diretório Nacional . Cidadania23 . 6 March 2024 . pt.
  2. Web site: Partidos políticos registrados no TSE . . 6 March 2024 . pt . 7 April 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230407055024/https://www.tse.jus.br/partidos/partidos-registrados-no-tse/ . dead .
  3. Web site: Filiação partidária mensal . . 6 March 2024 . pt.
  4. Web site: Raio-X das eleições: Leia como serão as assembleias em 2023 . Poder360 . pt . 11 October 2022.
  5. Web site: Relembre quantos prefeitos e vereadores cada partido elegeu em 2020 . Poder360 . pt . 6 October 2023.
  6. Web site: Vereadores eleitos por partido em 2020 . Poder360 . pt.
  7. Web site: Eleições 2020: 58.208 vagas de vereadores estarão em disputa neste domingo (15) . . pt . 14 November 2020.
  8. Web site: @PPS23 - Verdadeiro, corajoso e decente. Filie-se! . 2022-10-23 . filiacao.pps.org.br.
  9. Web site: Maia . Dominique . 2022-08-13 . História do CIDADANIA: de comunista a liberal progressista Politize! . 2022-10-25 . pt-BR.
  10. Web site: PPS aprova mudança de nome e vai se chamar Cidadania. Estadão. pt. Teo. Cury. 23 March 2019. 2 October 2019.
  11. Web site: Aprovada a mudança do nome do PPS para Cidadania. Tribunal Superior Eleitoral. pt. 19 September 2019. 2 October 2019. 26 October 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211026154232/https://www.tse.jus.br/imprensa/noticias-tse/2019/Setembro/plenario-aprova-mudanca-do-nome-do-pps-para-cidadania. dead.
  12. Steve Kingstone, "Political blow for Brazil's Lula", BBC News, 13 December 2004.
  13. Web site:
    1. BlogCidadania23: Algumas verdades sobre o "Foro de São Paulo", o PT e os tiranetes que enxovalham a esquerda democrática
    . 20 October 2014.
    1. BlogCidadania23
    . 11 November 2019.
  14. Web site: PPS conclama todos brasileiros a irem às ruas contra a corrupção e pelo impeachment de Dilma no dia 13. Helder. Zerek. www.ppspr.org.br.
  15. Web site: Roberto Freire diz que PPS vai continuar apoiando o governo. 20 May 2017.
  16. Web site: Mudança de nome do PPS será decidida com a participação de todos, afirma Roberto Freire - @PPS23 . 30 June 2018 . 30 June 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180630133236/http://www.pps.org.br/2018/06/01/mudanca-de-nome-do-pps-sera-decidida-com-participacao-de-todos-afirma-roberto-freire/ . dead .
  17. Web site: Em congresso extraordinário, PPS adota o nome Cidadania. Partido Popular Socialista. pt. 23 March 2019. 24 March 2019. 29 October 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201029045812/http://www3.pps.org.br/2019/03/23/em-congresso-extraordinario-pps-adota-o-nome-cidadania/. dead.
  18. Web site: Em congresso em Brasília, PPS adota o nome Cidadania. O Globo. pt. 23 March 2019. 24 March 2019.
  19. Web site: PPS aprova mudança de nome e vai se chamar Cidadania. Estadão. pt. Teo. Cury. 23 March 2019. 24 March 2019.
  20. Web site: Aprovada a mudança do nome do PPS para Cidadania. Superior Electoral Court. pt-br. 23 September 2019. 26 October 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211026154232/https://www.tse.jus.br/imprensa/noticias-tse/2019/Setembro/plenario-aprova-mudanca-do-nome-do-pps-para-cidadania. dead.
  21. Web site: Freire diz que Cidadania é oposição ao governo Bolsonaro. 17 July 2019. Cidadania23. pt-BR. 24 August 2019.
  22. Web site: 2021-02-04 . Diretório Nacional do Cidadania aprova indicativo de impeachment de Bolsonaro . 2022-10-23 . Cidadania23 . pt-BR.
  23. Web site: Congresso em Foco .
  24. Web site: Poder360 . 2022-05-12 . PSDB e Cidadania pedem registro de federação partidária ao TSE . 2022-10-23 . Poder360 . pt-br.
  25. Web site: Quem é a vice de Simone Tebet nas eleições de 2022? . 2022-10-23 . Valor Econômico . 16 September 2022 . pt-br.
  26. Web site: Cidadania declara apoio a Lula no segundo turno . 2022-10-25 . G1 . 4 October 2022 . pt-br.
  27. Web site: Blog do PPS: Algumas verdades sobre o "Foro de São Paulo", o PT e os tiranetes que enxovalham a esquerda democrática. 20 October 2014. Blog do PPS. 27 November 2018.