Marathi cinema explained

Marathi Cinema
Screens:Approx 610 in Maharashtra state of India.[1]
Produced Year:2022
Produced Ref:[2]
Produced Total:120 (Theatrical)
Box Office Year:2023
Box Office Ref:[3]
Box Office National:India

Marathi Cinema, also known as Marathi film industry, is the segment of Indian cinema, dedicated to the production of motion pictures in the Marathi language widely spoken in the state of Maharashtra. It is based in Mumbai. It is the oldest film industry of India and one of the leaders in filmmaking in the Indian film industry.

Raja Harishchandra, directed by Dadasaheb Phalke and released in 1913, was the first Marathi-language film ever made, and was also India's first full-length feature film. The claim is disputed and some claim that Dadasaheb Torne's Shree Pundalik (1912) was the first film made in Maharashtra.[4] [5] The first Marathi talkie film was Ayodhyecha Raja,[6] released in 1932, one year after Alam Ara, the first Hindi talkie. All Marathi films until then were silent films with intertitles. Pinjara (1972), directed by V Shantaram, was first colour film in Marathi cinema.[7]

Kolhapur was a centre for film production during 20th century, though currently, a majority of films are made in Mumbai. During Marathi cinema's infancy between the 1910s and 1930s, which only had silent films, the majority of films were made on Hindu mythological subjects. Later during the 1970s, films were made on rural stories. Between the 1980s and 1990s, comedy and thriller films started to flourish. Since the turn of the millennium, there have been films based on social subjects and biographical dramas. Although the industry is much smaller than Bollywood (which is also based in Mumbai), Marathi cinema is tax free at the privilege of the government of Maharashtra, and is experiencing growth in recent years.

History

Silent era

Marathi cinema is the oldest film industry of India.[8] Dadasaheb Phalke widely considered as pioneer and founder of Marathi cinema and Cinema of India.[9] He brought the revolution of motion pictures to India with his first indigenously made film Raja Harishchandra, released in year 1913. Although the film had Marathi and English Intertitles, it is considered as a Marathi film, by IFFI and NIFD, citing while filming director Phalke had employed full Marathi crew including actors.[10] Some claim that the first ever Marathi movie was Shree Pundalik of Dadasaheb Torne, it was released on 18 May 1912 at Coronation Cinematograph, Bombay.[11] But this claim is disputed, it is not considered as first Marathi or Indian movie, because it was not a movie in true sense, it was a recording of a then popular theatre play, the cameraman who filmed that movie, Jonson was a British national, it was processed in London and negative also remained in United Kingdom. Kolhapur was a centre of film production in the twentieth century. In 1919 Baburao Mistry popularly known as Baburao Painter, founded the Maharashtra Film Company with the blessings of the Maharaja of Kolhapur and released the first significant historical film, Sairandhari (1920) starring Balasheb Pawar, Kamala Devi and Zunzarrao Pawar. Because of his special interest in sets, costumes design and painting, he chose episodes from Maratha history for interpreting in the new medium and specialized in the historical genre.[12] Baburao Painter made many silent movies till 1930. However, after a few more silent films, the Maharashtra Film Company pulled down its shutters with the advent of sound. Baburao was not particularly keen on the talkies for he believed that they would destroy the visual culture so painfully evolved over the years.[13]

Sound era

Ayodhyecha Raja (1932) was the first talkie of Maharashtra, prior to it all the movies was Silent films with Marathi, English Intertitles. It was released one year after the first sound film of the nation, Alam Ara (1931) and five years after first Hollywood sound film The Jazz Singer (1927), which is first sound film made in the world.[14] [15]

As cinema grew in Union of India, major production houses rose and one of them was again a company owned wholly by Maharashtrians, the Prabhat Film Company. Prabhat's Sant Tukaram (1936) was the first Indian work to win the Best Film Award at the Venice Film Festival in 1937.[16] In 1954 at the very first edition of the National Awards, Shyamchi Aai, won the first President's gold medal for Cinema. It was directed by Acharya P K Atre, and it was an adaptation of the eponymous novel by Sane Guruji.[17] Marathi cinema was in its full bloom by this time with the advent of greats like V. Shantaram, Master Vinayak, Bhalji Pendharkar, Acharya Atre, followed by Raja Paranjpe, Jyotiram, sonal and mumtaz, Dinkar D Patil, G. D. Madgulkar, Sudhir Phadke, Raja Thakur .

1960s and '70s

The 1960s saw the emergence of directors such as V Shantaram and Anant Mane who made Marathi films based on the folk art form Tamasha. Shantaram's Pinjara (1972) was a hit, it is the first movie of Marathi cinema that was made in colour. Then came directors like Datta Dharmadhikari and Raj Dutt who made traditional family dramas. The early 70s saw the advent of Dada Kondke who captured the audiences with his sense of humour that included sexual innuendo. He went on to create satirical, pun-ridden films often including social and political commentary, many of which became cult classics. By this time Marathi cinema was caught in either the Tamasha genre or tragedies revolving around traditional family dramas on one side and the comedies of Dada Kondke.[18]

1980s

The 1980s saw two comedy heroes raised to stardom, Ashok Saraf and Laxmikant Berde became popular superstars. In mid '80s Mahesh Kothare and Sachin Pilgaonkar made many box-office hit films. Kothare used to make action-comedy-thrillers genre movies, while Sachin Pilgaonkar used to make maily comedy movies. Pilgaonkar made hit classics such as buddy film Gammat Jammat (1987), Ashi Hi Banwa Banwi (1988), supernatural revange drama film Bhutacha Bhau (1989), feel good movie Aayatya Gharat Gharoba (1991), Aamchya Sarkhe Aamhich (1990),[19] [20] and around the same time Kothare made hit filmz Dhoom Dhadaka, Dhadakebaaz (1990), De Danadan (1987), horror-thriller Zapatlela (1993) which was an unofficial remake of Hollywood cult classic Slasher film Child's Play (1988).[21] He introduced technological advancements, such as he was the first director who filmed his movie in CinemaScope, used Chroma key technique and did Wire-flying in Dhadakebaaz (1990), used Puppetry in Zapatlela (1993), he filmed Zapatlela's sequal in 3D format, probably this film was first ever sequal film made in Marathi cinema, he ventured in film genre such horror comedy, thriller, fantacy.[22] Both Kothare and Sachin acted and directed their respective films, latter even sang many song for his movies. Few other director also made entertaining movies during this time: fantacy and political satire genre's Ek Gadi Baki Anadi, Bin Kamacha Navra (1984) respectively.[23]

Decline

While the theatre of Maharashtra earned recognition at the national level, the cinema failed to make a mark. A major reason was the proximity to the production centre of Hindi cinema (Bollywood), which encroached on the identity of Marathi cinema. Other reasons include the shortage of cinema halls for distribution due to poor marketing, lack of money magnets, a vibrant theatre scene and the emergence of private television. It also lacked the powerful lobby at the national level unlike South Indian cinema because the state encouraged Hindi cinema for profit mainly; the regional film industrial advantage being soaked up by Bollywood.[17]

Revival after mid 2000s

In past few years, the Marathi cinema industry has produced many films that are not only critically acclaimed but commercially successful as well.

Acclaimed director Dr Jabbar Patel explains the reasons behind the change, "The kind of Marathi cinema that is being made today is very fresh and different. This is thanks to directors and writers getting exposed to world cinema via television, film festivals etc. They are coming up with new storylines and innovative concepts."

With outstanding contribution and efforts from different producers and directors of the Mumbai film industry, Marathi cinema relatively outshined other Indian film industries such as Bollywood in the first quarter of 2010 in box office collections and critical appreciation.[24]

Actor-director Mahesh Kothare brought a number of innovations in the technical quality of Marathi films and was the first to bring Dolby Digital sound to Marathi cinema with Chimni Pakhara in 2003. He made the first Marathi film with Digital Special Effects, Pachadlela, in 2004. He also made first Marathi movie in 3D Zapatlela 2, in 2013.

Marathi cinema received critical acclaim in 2004 with the film Shwaas winning the Golden Lotus National Award. It was India's official entry to the 77th Academy Awards. It won the President's medal for best film, beating Bollywood's prolific output with quality.[25] Shwaas was the second Marathi film to win the President's Medal after Shyamchi Aai (1950).

The Maharashtra state government has begun to issue grants to Marathi film (between 1.5 million and 3.0 million rupees). After the success of Shwaas, Indian media players like Shringar Films and Zee Telefilms are exhibiting a re-emerging interest in Marathi cinema. The growing popularity of Marathi television (notably Zee Marathi, ETV Marathi, Mi Marathi, Star Pravah, Saam TV) has helped to popularize older Marathi cinema and promote the genre. Zee Talkies and Shemaroo MarathiBana a 24-hour channel dedicated to Marathi movies, has been introduced.

Recent history

In 2009, Harishchandrachi Factory (with a budget of Rs. 6 crore), told the struggle of Dadasaheb Phalke in making Raja Harishchandra (1913), directed by theatre-veteran Paresh Mokashi, it was selected as India's official entry to Academy Award in the Best Foreign Language Film category, making it the second Marathi film, after Shwaas, to receive this honour.[26] [27] [28]

Road movie De Dhakka (2008), Satire film Nishani Dava Anghatha (2009) based on failure of government of India's Adult education programme, political satire Gallit Gondhal Dillit Mujra (2009), period drama and musical hit Natarang (2009), film raising state's farmar's issue, rampant corruption in government officials, satire Jau Tithe Khau (2007), Kaydyach Bola (2005) were box-office hits and made everlasting impact on the audience's mind.[29]

Since the new decade beginning in 2010, several contemporary Marathi artistic films released including Vihir (2009) and Deool (2011), and Nagraj Manjule's Fandry (2013). They have given a new direction to Marathi films. Ritesh Deshmukh's Lai Bhaari (2014) achieved eyeballs.

Deool became the third movie after Shyaamchi Aai and Shwaas to win the National Film Award for Best Feature Film. Deool Band (2015) grabbed audience attention.

Sairat (2016) musical romantic drama starring Rinku Rajguru and Akash Thosar, directed by Nagraj Manjule emerged as the biggest weekend opener for a Marathi film breaking record previously held by Natsamrat. Sairat was the first Marathi film to cross ₹50 crore (US$7.8 million) mark. The film has become the first Marathi film to gross over ₹100 crore (US$16 million) worldwide.

In recent past Ritesh Deshmukh's Mauli (2018) earned audience's attention, his Ved (2022) became a hit.

Highest grossing movies

RankMovieYearStudio(s)Worldwide Grossref(s)
1Sairat2016Aatpat Production, Essel Vision Productions[30]
2Baipan Bhaari Deva2023EmVeeBee Media, Jio Studio[31]
3Ved2022Mumbai Film Company[32]
4Pawankhind2022Almond Creations[33]
5Natsamrat2016Fincraft Media and Entertainment Pvt. Ltd., Gajanan Chitra, Great Maratha Entertainment[34]
6Lai Bhaari2014Mumbai Film Company[35]
Katyar Kaljat Ghusali2015Zee Studios, Shree Ganesh Marketing & Films[36]
8Daagdi Chaawl2015Manglmurti Films₹37 crore (US$4.9 million)[37]
9Timepass2014Zee Talkies[38]
10Naal2018Zee Studios
11Duniyadari2013Dreaming 24/7 Productions[39]
12Dharmaveer2022Zee Studios, Sahil Motion Arts
13Timepass 22015Essel Vision Productions[40]
14Faster Fene2017Mumbai Film Company, Zee Studios
15Mauli2018Mumbai Film Company, Hindustan Talkies
16Me Shivajiraje Bhosale Boltoy2009Everest Entertainment[41]
17Ventilator2016Purple Pebble Pictures
18Har Har Mahadev2022Zee Studios, Shree Ganesh Marketing & Films
19Chandramukhi2022Planet Marathi, Golden Ratio Films, Flying Dragon Entertainment, Creative Vibe[42]
20Ti Saddhya Kay Karte2017Zee Studios
21Naal2018
22Classmates2015Mahalasa Entertainment, Media Monks
23Deool Band2015Vatavruksha Entertainment
24Double Seat2015Essel Vision Productions, Pratisaad Production, A Huge Production
25Aapla Manus2018Ajay Devgn FFilms, Watergate Production[43]
26Sarsenapati Hambirrao2022Urvita Productions LLP
27Subhedar2023Mulakshar Productions, Raajwarasa Productions, Prithviraj Productions, Rajau Productions, Parampara Productions[44]
Mumbai Pune Mumbai 22015Yashlita Enterprises Pvt. Ltd.[45]
28Lochya Zala Re2022Ideas The Entertainment Company, Mumbai Movie Studios Pvt. Ltd.
29Ani... Dr. Kashinath Ghanekar2018Viacom18 Motion Pictures, Shree Ganesh Marketing & Films
30Jhimma2021Chalchitra Company, Crazy Few Films[46]
31Hirkani2019Irada Entertainment
32Kaksparsh2012Zee Talkies[47]
34Mitwaa2015Sagar Pictures Entertainment
352015Neena Raut Films[48]
36Boyz 22018Everest Entertainment, Supreme Motion Pictures, Ekvira Productions, L.V.Shinde Group
37Bucket List2018Dharma Productions
38Dr. Prakash Baba Amte - The Real Hero2014Essel Vision Productions[49]
39Natarang2010Zee Talkies[50]
40Balak-Palak2013Mumbai Film Company[51]

Awards

Filmfare award Marathi

Production YearFilmDirectorActorActressMusic
1943Chhattrapati ShivajiSuryakant Mandhare
1947Ganimi KawaSuryakant Mandhare
1951Swarajyacha ShiledarSuryakant Mandhare
1956Pavan KhindSuryakant Mandhare
1959Sangte AikaSuryakant Mandhare
1965Sadhi MansaSuryakant Mandhare  
1966Malhari MartandSuryakant Mandhare  
1963Maza Hoshil KaL.B.Thakur  
1964Sant Nivrutti dnyandevVinayak Sarasvate & Bal Chavan   
1965Lakshmi Aali GharaMadhav Shinde   
1966GurukilliRaja Paranjpe   
1967Pawnakanthcha DhondiVinayak Thakur   
1968EktiG. Chaugule   
1969JiwhalaAtmaram   
1970ApradhSharad Pilgaonkar  Ramesh Deo  
1971Shantata! Court Chaloo AheSatyadev Dubey & Govind Nihalani   
1972Kunku Mazhe BhagyachePradeep eknath nehete   
1973Andhala Marto DolaDada Kondke   
1974Sugandhi KattaNot AwardedShreeram Lagoo (Sugandhi Katta)Sarla Yevlekar (Sugandhi Katta) 
1975SamnaJabbar Patel (Samna)Shreeram Lagoo (Samna)Sandhya (Chandanachi Choli Ang Ang Jali) 
1976Aaram Haram AaheVasant Joglekar (Ha Khel Saavlyancha)Ravindra Mahajani (Zunj)Asha Kale (Ha Khel Saavlyancha) 
1977Naon Mothan Lakshan KhotanMurlidhar Kapdi (Naon Mothan Lakshan Khotan)Shreeram Lagoo (Bhingree)Usha Chavan (Naon Mothan Lakshan Khotan) 
1978Devki Nandan GopalaJabbar Patel (Jait Re Jait)Yashwant Dutt (Bhairu Pahilwan Ki Jai)Smita Patil (Jait Re Jait) 
1979SinhasanJabbar Patel (Sinhasan)Sachin (Ashtavinayak)Ranjana (Sushila) 
198022 June 1897Jayu & Nachiket Patwardhan (22 June 1897)Nilu Phule (Sahkar Samrat)Usha Chavan (Ran Pakhre) 
1981UmbarthaJabbar Patel (Umbartha)Girish Karnad (Akriet)Smita Patil (Umbartha) 
1982ShapitRaj Dutt & Arvind Deshpande (Shapit)Ashok Saraf (Gondhalat Gondhal)Madhu Kambikar (Shapit) 
1983Gupchup GupchupV. K. Naik (Gupchup Gupchup)Ashok Saraf (Goshta Dhamal Namyachi)Ranjana (Savitri) 
1984Lek Chalali SasarlaN. S. Vaidya (Lek Chalali Saasarla)Laxmikant BerdeSupriya Sabnis (Navri Mile Navryala) 
1985 opDhoom DhadakaMahesh Kothare (Dhoom Dhadaka)Laxmikant Berde?? 
1994VazirSanjay Rawal (Vazir)Vikram Gokhale (Vazir)Sukanya Kulkarni (Varsa Laxmicha)Shridhar Phadke (Varsa Laxmicha)
1995AaiMahesh Manjrekar (Aai)Sayaji Shinde (Aboli)Renuka Shahane (Aboli)Anand Modak (Mukta)
1996PutravatiNichiket & Jayoo Patwardhan (Limited Manuski)Ashok Saraf (Soona Yeti Ghara)Sonali Kulkarni (Doghi)Shridhar Phadke (Putravati)
1997BangarwadiAmol Palekar (Bangarwadi)Mohan Joshi (Rao Saheb)Sukanya Kulkarni (Sarkarnama)Anand Modak (Sarkarnama)
1998Tu Tithe MeeSanjay Surkar (Tu Tithe Mee)Mohan Joshi (Tu Tithe Mee)Suhas Joshi (Tu Tithe Mee)Anand Modak (Tu Tithe Mee)
1999BindhaastChandrakant Kulkarni (Bindhaast)Dilip Prabhavalkar (Ratra Aarambh)Sharvari Jamenis (Bindhast)Shridhar Phadke (Lekru)

Maharashtra State Awards

See main article: Maharashtra State Film Awards.

Production YearBest Film 1Best Film 2Best Film 3
1962Prapanch (Madhukar Pathak)Suvaasini (Raja Paranjpe)Shaahir Parshuraam (Anant Mane)
1963Ranglyaa Raatri Ashyaa (Raja Thakur)Ha Maazaa Marg Ekla (Raja Paranjpe)Phakir (Chandrashekhar)
1964Chhotaa Jawaan, Paathlaag (Ram Gabale, Raja Paranjpye)Pahu Re Kiti Vaat (Raja Thakur)Thoraataanchi Kamalaa (Madhu Shinde)
1965Vaawtal (Shantaram Aathavale)Sawaal Majha Aika! (Anant Mane)Third award not given
1966Saadhi Maanse (Bhalji Pendharkar)Kelaa Ishara Jaataa Jaataa (Anant Mane)Shewatchaa Maalusaraa (Vasant Joglekar)
1967Santh Vaahate Krushnaamaai (Madhukar Pathak)Kaakaa Malaa Waachwaa (Raja Paranjpe)Swapna Tech Lochani (Chandrawadan)
1968Gharchi Raani (Rajdatt)Aamhi Jaato Aamuchyaa Gaawaa (Kamalakar Torne)Ekti (Raja Thakur)
1969Apraadh (Rajdatt)Mukkaam Post Dhebewaadi (Madhukar Paathak)Dharmkanyaa (Maadhav Shinde)
1970Mumbaicha Jawai (Raja Thakur)Warnecha Wagh (Vasant Painter)Laxmanresha (Manshav Shinde)
1971Gharkul (Raja Thakur)Shantata Court Chalu Aahe (Satyadev Dubey)Dohni Gharcha Pahuna, Songadya (Garjanan Jagirdar, Govind Kulkarni)
1972Jawai Vikat Ghene Aahe (Raja Thakur)Bholibhabdi (Rajdutt)Aandla Marto Dola (Dinesh)
1973Sugandhi Katha (Vasant Painter)Kartiki (Datta Mane)Ashi Hi Sataryadi (Murlidhar Kapadi)
1974Pandu Hawaldar (Dada Kondke)Saamna (Dr. Jabbar Patel)Bayanno Naure Sambhala (Dattatry Kulkarni)
1975Charicha Mamla (Babsaheb Phattelal)Tumch Aamch Jamle (Dada Kondke)Pahuni (Anant Mane)
1976Phrari (V. Ravindra)Bala Gau Kashi Aangai (Kamlakar Torne)Naav Motha Lakshan Khota (Murlidhar Kapadi)
1977Devkinandan Gopala (Rajdutt)Bhairu Phehelwan Ki Jai (Kamlakar Torne)Jait Re Jait (Dr. Jabbar Patel)
1978Janki (Vasant Joglekar)Ashtavinayak (Rajdutt)Bot Lavin Tithe Gudgulaya (Dada Kondke)
197922 June 1897 (Nechiket and Jayu Patwardhan)Sinhasan (Dr. Jabbar Patel)Paij (Babasaheb Phattelal)
1980Umbartha (Dr. Jabbar Patel)Gondhlat Gondhal (V.K. Naik)Aakrit (Amol Palekar)
1981Shapit (Rajdutt and Arvind Deshpande)Ek Dav Bhootacha (Ravi Namade)Aali Angawar (Dada Kondke)
1982Raghu-Maina (Rajdutt)Goopchoop Goopchoop (V.K. Naik)Thorli Jau (Kamlakar Torne)
1983Hech Mazhe Maher (Rajdutt)Thkas Mahathak (Raja Bargir), Mumbaicha Phoujdar (Rajdutt) (Divided)Bahurupi (Satish Randive)
1984Ardhangi (Rajadutt)Deva Shapath Kharan Sangen (Bhaskar Jadhav)Stridhan (Babasaheb Phattelal)
1985Pudhcha Paul (Rajdutt)Tuzhyavdachun Karmena (Damu Kenkare)Aaj Zale Mukt Me (Rajdutt)
1986Prem Karuyaa Khullam Khullaa (Girish Ghanekar)Gammat Jammat (Sachin)Khatyaal Saasoo Naathaal Soon (N.S. Vaidya)
1987Ashi Hi Banwaa Banwi (Sachin)Nashibwaan (N.S. Vaidya)Rangat Sangat (Girish Ghanekar)
1988Kalat Nakalat (Kanchan Nayak)Aatmavishwaas (Sachin)Hamaal De Dhamaal (Purushottam Berde)
1989Aaghat (Ramakant Kavthekar)Ekaapekshaa Ek (Sachin)Kooldeepak (N.S. Vaidya)
1990Chaukat Raja (Sanjay Surkar)Vedh (Pradip Berlekar)Anapekshit (Sanjiv Naik)
1991Ek Hotaa Vidushak (Dr. Jabbar Patel)Aapli Maanasa (Sanjay Surkar)Wajwaa Re Wajwaa (Girish Ghanekar)
1992Vajir (Sanjay Rawal)Sawat Maazi Laadki (Smita Talwalkar)Lapandaaw (Shravani Devdhar)
1993Muktaa (Dr. Jabbar Patel)Waarsaa Lakshmichaa (Madhukar Pathak)Maazaa Chhakulaa (Mahesh Kothare)
1994Doghi (Sumitra Bhave)Baangarwaadi (Amol Palekar)Abolee (Amol Shedge)
1995Raosaaheb (Sanjay Surkar)Putrawati (Bhaskar Jadhav)Sunaa Yeti Gharaa (A. Radhaswani)
1999Gaabhaaraa (N.F.D)Gharaabaaher (Suyog Chitra)Bindhaast (Devyani Movies--)
1999Gaabhaaraa (N.F.D)Gharaabaaher (Suyog Chitra)Bindhaast (Devyani Movies--)

Nowadays, Marathi movies have been listed at many international film festivals, which provides a platform for such movies and the filmmakers to know big in the world film industry. All Lights Film Services[52] provided platform for Marathi films such as Pinky – Ek Sathyakatha, Kapus Kondyachi Goshta, Hou De Jarasa Ushir, Sopanchi Aye Bahina Bhai, Touring Talkies, Langar to almost all leading international festivals across the world.

Further reading

See also

Notes and References

  1. Web site: STATEWISE NUMBER OF SINGLE SCREENS . Film Federation of India . 21 April 2014.
  2. News: List of featurefilms Certified in 2022 .
  3. News: Box Office 2023: Punjabi films grossed Rs. 235 crores, Marathi films grossed Rs. 201 crores, Bengali films grossed Rs. 66 crores in 2023. Hungama Digital Media Entertainment . 2 February 2023 . . 2 February 2023 .
  4. Web site: Raghavendara . MK . 5 May 2012 . What a journey .
  5. Web site: Dadasaheb Torne, not Dadasaheb Phalke, was pioneer of Indian Cinema . DNA India.
  6. Web site: Films of Prabhat Film Company . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120722170023/http://www.prabhatfilm.com/films.htm . 22 July 2012 . 12 June 2007.
  7. Web site: 23 May 2022 . Why Marathi... . Outlook.
  8. Book: Goldsmith. Melissa U. D.. The Encyclopedia of Musicians and Bands on Film. Willson. Paige A.. Fonseca. Anthony J.. 2016-10-07. Rowman & Littlefield. 978-1-4422-6987-3. Lanham, Maryland. XXVI. en.
  9. Web site: Did you know Adoor Gopalakrishnan was once conferred with the Dadasaheb Phalke Award? . . 1 April 2021.
  10. Web site: Marathi cinema can surpass Hindi cinema . Yahoo . 2 December 2010 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20100212155541/http://in.news.yahoo.com/48/20100209/1251/ten-marathi-cinema-can-surpass-hindi-cin.html . 12 February 2010.
  11. Web site: Kadam . Kumar . 24 April 2012 . दादासाहेब तोरणेंचे विस्मरण नको!. https://web.archive.org/web/20131008190417/http://author.blogs.maharashtratimes.com/kokan/entry/%E0%A4%A6-%E0%A4%A6-%E0%A4%B8-%E0%A4%B9-%E0%A4%AC . dead . 8 October 2013 .
  12. Web site: History of Regional cinema . Cinemaofmalayalam . 2 December 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20040306164951/http://www.cinemaofmalayalam.net/his_indian_cinema2.html . 6 March 2004 . dead .
  13. Web site: Baburoa Painter . . 2 December 2010.
  14. Web site: First Indian talkie was realised in this day... . India Today.
  15. Web site: 1977. A Brief History of Marathi Cinema . www.acadmia.edu.
  16. News: Marathi cinema: Waiting to exhale . https://web.archive.org/web/20121017080307/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2004-09-28/mumbai/27162503_1_marathi-cinema-marathi-film-industry-film-makers . dead . 17 October 2012 . Niel . Pate . . 28 September 2004.
  17. News: Marathi cinema gets a shot in the arm . https://web.archive.org/web/20120119073451/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2004-08-29/mumbai/27169092_1_marathi-cinema-marathi-films-shanta-gokhale . dead . 19 January 2012 . Mukta . Rajadhyaksha . . 29 August 2004.
  18. Kale . Pramod . Ideas, Ideals and the Market: A Study of Marathi Films . Economic and Political Weekly . 1979 . 14 . 35 . 1511–1520 . 4367902.
  19. Web site: 'Aaytya... . http://web.archive.org/web/20210610004220/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/photofeatures/ashok-sarafs-films-that-you-must-watch/Aayatya-Gharat-Gharoba/photostory/63500753.cms . dead . 2021-06-10 . Times of India.
  20. Web site: Aam... . Appl tv.
  21. Web site: Marathi films inspired by Hollywood. . http://web.archive.org/web/20211201133315/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/photofeatures/marathi-films-inspired-by-hollywood/photostory/36716116.cms . dead . 2021-12-01 . Times of India.
  22. News: M . Times of India. 24 January 2023 .
  23. Web site: Bin... . Rotten Tomatoes.
  24. Web site: Marathi films beat Hindi movies at BO. https://web.archive.org/web/20100804070359/http://movies.ndtv.com/movie_story.aspx?from=bottomrelated&ID=ENTEN20100136669&Keyword=regional. dead. 4 August 2010.
  25. Web site: Shwaas is India's Official Entry to Oscars . 12 June 2007.
  26. https://web.archive.org/web/20120321053045/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-09-20/india/28076656_1_marathi-film-paresh-mokashi-foreign-film-category 'Harishchandrachi Factory' India's entry for Oscars
  27. http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/harishchandrachi-factory-to-tell-story-behind-making-of-indias-first-feature-film/304892/ Harishchandrachi Factory to tell story behind making of India's first feature film
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