Cimbex quadrimaculatus explained

Cimbex quadrimaculatus is a species of sawflies in the family Cimbicidae.[1]

Taxonomy

Cimbex quadrimaculatus was formerly classified in the genus Palaeocimbex along with four other species and was the type species of the subgenus Deuterocimbex. Both taxa have since been synonymized under the genus Cimbex.[2]

Description

Cimbex quadrimaculatus is a large species that can reach an adult length of about .[3] The body is dark brown to black with extensive yellow markings on the pronotum and abdomen. The wings are lightly infuscate, while the antennae are predominantly orange with darker scapes.

Their larvae are whitish with yellow and black markings. The average length of these larvae can reach about, with a maximum of about in last instars.[4]

Biology

Cimbex quadrimaculatus is considered one of the serious pests of almonds.[5] Other notable host plants include Crataegus monogyna, Prunus cerasus, and Prunus domestica.

A single generation is produced each year. Eggs are laid in the early summer. After hatching, the larvae eat from the edges of their host plants until spinning a cocoon. They then enter diapause over the winter as a pre-pupa. They pupate the following spring.

Larvae and pupae of Cimbex quadrimaculatus are parasitized by three species of ichneumonid wasp: Listrognathus mactator, Opheltes glaucopterus, and Phobetes nigriceps.[4] [6]

Distribution

This species is present in Europe and in the Near East.[4]

External links

Notes and References

  1. Liston . Andrew . Knight . Guy . Sheppard . David . Broad . Gavin . Livermore . Laurence . Checklist of British and Irish Hymenoptera - Sawflies, 'Symphyta' . Biodiversity Data Journal . 29 August 2014 . 2 . 2 . e1168 . 10.3897/BDJ.2.e1168 . 25197241 . 4152835 . free .
  2. Taeger. A.. Blank. S.M.. Liston. A.. World catalog of symphyta (Hymenoptera) . Zootaxa . 2010 . 2580 . 1–1064 . 1175-5334. 10.11646/zootaxa.2580.1.1.
  3. Özbek . Hikmet . 2014 . Ichneumonid parasitoids of the sawfly Cimbex quadrimaculata (Müller) feeding on almonds in Antalya, along with a new parasitoid and new record . Turkish Journal of Zoology . 38 . 657–659 . 10.3906/zoo-1311-47. free .
  4. Özgen . İnanç . Murat . Yurtcan . Bolu . Halil . Kolarov . Janko . 2010 . Listrognathus mactator (Thunberg, 1824) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) — A New Recorded Parasitoid of Cimbex quadrimaculatus (O. F. Müller, 1766) (Hymenoptera: Cimbicidae) in Turkey . Entomological News . 121 . 4 . 391–392 . 10.3157/021.121.0413.
  5. Cakici . Filiz Ozkan . Ozgen . İnanc . Halil . Bolu . Erbas . Zeynep . Demirbağ . Zihni . Demir . İsmail . 2015 . Highly effective bacterial agents against Cimbex quadrimaculatus (Hymenoptera: Cimbicidae): isolation of bacteria and their insecticidal activities . World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology . 31 . 59–67 . 10.1007/s11274-014-1764-3.
  6. Bolu . Halil . 2016 . Distribution, life history and biology of almond sawfly (Cimbex quadrimaculata (Müller, 1766), Hymenoptera: Cimbicidae) . Scientific Papers. Series A. Agronomy . 59 . 219–222 . 2285-5785 . 23 April 2022.

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