Chicoric acid explained

Chicoric acid (also known as cichoric acid) is a hydroxycinnamic acid, an organic compound of the phenylpropanoid class and occurs in a variety of plant species. It is a derivative of both caffeic acid and tartaric acid.^[1]

As a suitable marker for the distinction of Echinacea species, it is often assayed using RP-HPLC and Thin layer chromatography (TLC) methods.^[2]

Sources

Chicoric acid has first been isolated from Cichorium intybus (chicory) but also occurs in significant amounts in Echinacea, in particular E. purpurea, dandelion leaves, basil, lemon balm, and aquatic plants, including algae and seagrasses.^{[3] [4] [5] [6]}

Biological functions

Chicoric acid has been shown to stimulate phagocytosis in both in vitro and in vivo studies, to inhibit the function of hyaluronidase (an enzyme that breaks down hyaluronic acid in the human body), to protect collagen from damage due to free radicals, and to inhibit the function of HIV-1 integrase.

See also

• Caftaric acid (monocaffeyltartaric acid)

References

1. Book: John Shi. Giuseppe Mazza. Marc Le Maguer. Functional Foods: Biochemical and Processing Aspects. 27 February 2002. CRC Press. 978-1-4200-1287-3. 241–.
2. Bauer R, Khan IA, Wagner H. Echinacea-Drogen, Standardisierung mittels HPLC und DC. Deutsche Apotheker Zeitung, 1986, 126:1065–1070. Citation in WHO Monographs on Selected Medicinal Plants - Volume 1
3. Chicoric and Chlorogenic Acids in Plant Species from Georgia . 10.1023/a:1002888016985. 2001. Chkhikvishvili. I. D.. Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology. 37. 2. 188–191. Kharebava. G. I.. 6322156.
4. 10.1016/j.jff.2010.02.003 . Caffeic acid derivatives in dried Lamiaceae and Echinacea purpurea products . Journal of Functional Foods . 2 . 2 . 158–162 . 2010 . Lee . Jungmin .
5. 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.12.075 . Chicoric acid found in basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) leaves . Food Chemistry . 115 . 2 . 650–656 . 2009 . Lee . Jungmin . Scagel . Carolyn F. .
6. 10.3389/fchem.2013.00040 . 24790967 . 3982519 . Chicoric acid: Chemistry, distribution, and production . Frontiers in Chemistry . 1 . 40 . 2013 . Lee . Jungmin . Scagel . Carolyn F. . 2013FrCh....1...40L . free .