| Building Name: | Church of Mary Magdalene |
| Location: | Jerusalem, Israel |
| Religious Affiliation: | Orthodox Christian |
| Consecration Year: | 1888 |
| Architect: | David Grimm |
| Architecture Style: | Russian Revival architecture |
| Year Completed: | 1888 |
| Specifications: | no |
The Church of Mary Magdalene (Hebrew: כנסיית מריה מגדלנה; Arabic: كنيسة القديسة مريم المجدلية; Russian: Церковь Святой Марии Магдалины) is an Eastern Orthodox Christian church located on the Mount of Olives, directly across the Kidron Valley from the Temple Mount and near the Garden of Gethsemane in Jerusalem.
The church, dedicated to Mary Magdalene, is part of the Convent of St. Mary Magdalene, a sisterhood established in 1936 by an English convert, and since the 1920s has been under the jurisdiction of the Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia (ROCOR), an independent ecclesiastical entity until 2007 and part of the Moscow-based Russian Orthodox Church since then.[1]
The church was built in 1888 by Tsar Alexander III and his brothers to honour their mother, Empress Maria Alexandrovna of Russia.[1] It was constructed to David Grimm's design in the traditional tented roof style popular in 16th- and 17th-century Russia, and includes seven distinctive, gilded onion domes.
The church is dedicated to Mary Magdalene, the disciple of Jesus, the Apostle of the Apostles. According to the sixteenth chapter of the Gospel of Mark, Mary Magdalene was the first to see Christ after his resurrection (Mark 16:9). She is usually considered a crucial and important disciple of Jesus, along with Mary of Bethany, whom some believe to have been the same woman.[2]
The relics of two martyred saints, Grand Duchess Elizabeth Feodorovna of Russia and her fellow nun Varvara Yakovleva,[3] are displayed in the church.
In 1982, the New-York-based Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia, which was at the time administratively independent of the Moscow-based Russian Orthodox Church, canonised the new martyrs of the communist revolution and in May the bodies of Elizabeth and Barbara (Varvara) were moved from the crypt, where only private veneration was possible, to the upper church of St. Mary Magdalene. Since 1981, Elizabeth and Barbara are venerated as "new martyrs" by the Orthodox Church in Exile at St. Mary Magdalene, Gethsemane. A statue of Elizabeth is among those of the 20th-century martyrs above the West Door of Westminster Abbey installed in 1998. In the changed political situation of the 1990s, the Moscow Patriarchate considered recognition of the martyrs of this period including the members of the royal family and her status as a saint was also recognized in April 1992 by the Moscow Patriarchate.[4]