| Context: | north |
| Hangul: | 증산 제11호 교화소 |
| Rr: | Jeungsan Je11ho Gyohwaso |
| Mr: | Chŭngsan Che11ho Kyohwaso |
| Hangul1: | 증산 정치범 수용소 |
| Rr1: | Jeungsan Jeongchibeom Suyongso |
| Mr1: | Chŭngsan Chŏngch'ibŏm Suyongso |
Chungsan concentration camp (also spelled Jeungsan, Jungsan or Joongsan) is a reeducation camp in North Korea. Its official name is Kyo-hwa-so No. 11 (Reeducation camp no. 11).
The camp is in Chungsan county, in South Pyongan province of North Korea. It is in the Yellow Sea coast, around 50km (30miles) west of Pyongyang.
Chungsan camp is a currently operational and well-maintained largely women's penitentiary as of 2020. Encompassing approximately 11.9 km2 (4.61 mi2), preliminary imagery analysis suggests a minimum of 1,500–2,500 are detained, although the number is likely significantly higher with estimates projecting between 3,300[1] and 5,000 prisoners. Since 1999 the camp is used to detain female defectors,[2] which account for 50–60% of the prisoners, while others are incarcerated for theft, prostitution, unauthorized trade, etc.[1] The camp's primary activities are pig breeding and agriculture with a much-smaller production of sea salt. The camp is surrounded by fields, where the prisoners have to grow rice and corn for delivery to the Ministry of Public Security.
The food rations are very small. According to a former prisoner, one third of the prisoners died from combinations of malnutrition, disease, and forced labor within a year. This former prisoner reported that the prisoners were often beaten with iron bars, if they did not work hard enough. She got very ill, because her wounds from the beatings got infected. Dead prisoners are buried in mass shallow graves on a nearby hill[2] [3] referred to as “Flower Mountain,” (꽃동산) appropriately named because of its azaleas that bloom every spring. Another former prisoner estimates that 5,000 deceased have been buried at Flower Mountain.
In interviews other former prisoners reported the following:
As of 2020, the facility consists of headquarters, at least fourteen detainee divisions, two to three miscellaneous support facilities, four Korean People's Army (KPA) bases, and the Sinsŏng-ri fishery station. A satellite imagery analysis released by the Committee for Human Rights in North Korea in December 2020 reveals no major changes to the overall physical boundaries of the camp; however, individual detainee divisions have undergone notable updates or expansion from 2002 to 2019. Most of these reconfiguration projects include the construction of additional prisoner housing, livestock sheds, security walls, and guard towers, indicating efforts to increase agricultural output and accommodate a growing prisoner population.