Chrysosoma Explained

Chrysosoma is a genus of flies in the family Dolichopodidae. It is a large genus, with more than 200 species distributed in the Old World and Oceania.^{[1] [2]}

Species

Subgenus Chrysosoma Guérin-Méneville, 1831:

• Chrysosoma aeneum (Fabricius, 1805)
• Chrysosoma aequatoriale Parent, 1933
• Chrysosoma aestimabile Parent, 1933
• Chrysosoma aestimatum (Walker, 1859)
• Chrysosoma agrihan Bickel, 1994
• Chrysosoma akrikense Bickel in Bickel & Martin, 2022^[3]
• Chrysosoma alboguttatum Parent, 1930
• Chrysosoma aldrichi (De Meijere, 1913)
• Chrysosoma annuliferum Frey, 1924
• Chrysosoma annulitarse Parent, 1935
• Chrysosoma anoplum Meuffels & Grootaert, 1999^[4]
• Chrysosoma antennatum Becker, 1922
• Chrysosoma argenteomicans Parent, 1935
• Chrysosoma argentinoides Hollis, 1964
• Chrysosoma armillatum (Bigot, 1890)
• Chrysosoma arrogans Parent, 1934
• Chrysosoma austeni Parent, 1934
• Chrysosoma baiyerense Bickel in Bickel & Martin, 2022^[3]
• Chrysosoma bearni Parent, 1935
• Chrysosoma betege Bickel in Bickel & Martin, 2022^[3]
• Chrysosoma bicolor Parent, 1937
• Chrysosoma bicoloratum Grichanov, 1999
• Chrysosoma bifiguratum Becker, 1922
• Chrysosoma biseriatum Parent, 1932
• Chrysosoma bitcoin Bickel in Bickel & Martin, 2022^[3]
• Chrysosoma callosum Parent, 1929
• Chrysosoma cautum Parent, 1935
• Chrysosoma ceramense (De Meijere, 1913)
• Chrysosoma chinense Becker, 1922
• Chrysosoma chrysoleucum Frey, 1924
• Chrysosoma cilifemoratum Parent, 1933
• Chrysosoma cinctitarse (De Meijere, 1914)
• Chrysosoma clarkei Bickel, 1994
• Chrysosoma complicatum Becker, 1922
• Chrysosoma compressum Becker, 1922
• Chrysosoma confusum Parent, 1932
• Chrysosoma consimile Lamb, 1929
• Chrysosoma cooksoni Grichanov, 2021^[5]
• Chrysosoma cordieri Parent, 1934
• Chrysosoma corruptor Parent, 1933
• Chrysosoma crassum Yang & Saigusa, 2001^[6]
• Chrysosoma crinicorne (Wiedemann, 1824)
• Chrysosoma crypticum Becker, 1922
• Chrysosoma cupido (Walker, 1849)
• Chrysosoma cuprevittatum Bickel in Bickel & Martin, 2022^[3]
• Chrysosoma cyaneculiscutum Bickel & Wei, 1996
• Chrysosoma dalianum Yang & Saigusa, 2001^[7]
• Chrysosoma damingshanum Yang & Zhu, 2012
• Chrysosoma derisor Parent, 1934
• Chrysosoma digitatum Yang & Zhu, 2012
• Chrysosoma disparitarse Parent, 1935
• Chrysosoma diversicolor Parent, 1928
• Chrysosoma duplociliatum Parent, 1933
• Chrysosoma egens (Walker, 1859)
• Chrysosoma eminens Parent, 1935
• Chrysosoma excellens Parent, 1934
• Chrysosoma excitatum Frey, 1924
• Chrysosoma exilipes Parent, 1935
• Chrysosoma ferriferum Lamb, 1929
• Chrysosoma fissilamellatum Parent, 1939
• Chrysosoma fissum Becker, 1922
• Chrysosoma fistulatum Frey, 1924
• Chrysosoma flavipes (De Meijere, 1914)
• Chrysosoma flavitibiale (De Meijere, 1915)
• Chrysosoma floccosum Becker, 1922
• Chrysosoma fumifemoratum Bickel in Bickel & Martin, 2022^[3]
• Chrysosoma furcatum Wang, Zhu & Yang, 2014^[8]
• Chrysosoma fusiforme Frey, 1924
• Chrysosoma globiferum (Wiedemann, 1830)
• Chrysosoma graphicum Parent, 1935
• Chrysosoma gromieri Parent, 1929
• Chrysosoma guamense Bickel, 1994
• Chrysosoma guangdongense Zhang, Yang & Grootaert, 2003^[9]
• Chrysosoma guizhouense Yang, 1995
• Chrysosoma hainanum Yang, 1998
• Chrysosoma hangzhouense Yang, 1995
• Chrysosoma hebereri Parent, 1932
• Chrysosoma ignavum Becker, 1922
• Chrysosoma impressum Becker, 1922
• Chrysosoma impudens Parent, 1941
• Chrysosoma innatum Lamb, 1929
• Chrysosoma interruptum Becker, 1922
• Chrysosoma ituriense Parent, 1933
• Chrysosoma jingpinganum Yang & Saigusa, 2001^[7]
• Chrysosoma kusaiense Bickel, 1994
• Chrysosoma kuznetzovi Grichanov, 1997
• Chrysosoma kwangense Grichanov, 1999
• Chrysosoma lacteimicans Becker, 1923
• Chrysosoma leopoldi Parent, 1932
• Chrysosoma leucopogon (Wiedemann, 1824)
• Chrysosoma leucopygum (De Meijere, 1906)
• Chrysosoma leveri Parent, 1934
• Chrysosoma lilacinum (De Meijere, 1913)
• Chrysosoma liui Zhu & Yang, 2011
• Chrysosoma lofokiana Hollis, 1964
• Chrysosoma longum Yang & Zhu, 2012
• Chrysosoma loriseta Parent, 1934
• Chrysosoma lucare Bickel, 1994^[10]
• Chrysosoma luchunanum Yang & Saigusa, 2001^[7]
• Chrysosoma lucigena (Walker, 1859)
• Chrysosoma ludens Parent, 1935
• Chrysosoma lugubre Parent, 1935
• Chrysosoma macalpinei Bickel in Bickel & Martin, 2022^[3]
• Chrysosoma maculipenne Guérin-Méneville, 1831
• Chrysosoma maculiventre Parent, 1935
• Chrysosoma marginatum Becker, 1923
• Chrysosoma marianum Bickel, 1994
• Chrysosoma marki Hollis, 1964
• Chrysosoma medium Becker, 1922
• Chrysosoma meijeri Parent, 1932
• Chrysosoma melanochirum Bezzi, 1928
• Chrysosoma minusculum Becker, 1923
• Chrysosoma molestum Parent, 1934
• Chrysosoma mutilatum Parent, 1935
• Chrysosoma nanlingense Zhu & Yang, 2005^[11]
• Chrysosoma negrobovi Grichanov, 2021^[5]
• Chrysosoma nguemba Grichanov, 2004^[12]
• Chrysosoma nigrohalteratum Parent, 1939
• Chrysosoma nobile Parent, 1933
• Chrysosoma norma Curran, 1927
• Chrysosoma nudifrons (De Meijere, 1910)
• Chrysosoma nyingchiense Wang, Zhu & Yang, 2014^[8]
• Chrysosoma obscuratum (Van der Wulp, 1884)
• Chrysosoma obscuripes Parent, 1934
• Chrysosoma olegi Bickel in Bickel & Martin, 2021^[13]
• Chrysosoma orokaindi Bickel in Bickel & Martin, 2022^[3]
• Chrysosoma oromissim Bickel in Bickel & Martin, 2022^[3]
• Chrysosoma pacificum Parent, 1930
• Chrysosoma pagdeni Parent, 1937
• Chrysosoma palapes Hardy & Kohn, 1964
• Chrysosoma pallipilosum Yang & Saigusa, 2001^[6]
• Chrysosoma papuasinum (Bigot, 1890)
• Chrysosoma parvicucullatum Lamb, 1929
• Chrysosoma patellatum (Van der Wulp, 1881)
• Chrysosoma patelliferum (Thomson, 1869)
• Chrysosoma pauperculum Parent, 1933
• Chrysosoma pelagicum Bickel, 1994
• Chrysosoma petersi Dyte, 1957
• Chrysosoma pexum Becker, 1922
• Chrysosoma philippinense Frey, 1924
• Chrysosoma piriforme Becker, 1922
• Chrysosoma placens Parent, 1935
• Chrysosoma planitarse Becker, 1922
• Chrysosoma pomeroyi Curran, 1927
• Chrysosoma praelatum Becker, 1923
• Chrysosoma proliciens (Walker, 1857)
• Chrysosoma provocans Parent, 1934
• Chrysosoma pseudocallosum Bickel, 1994^[10]
• Chrysosoma quadratum (Van der Wulp, 1884)
• Chrysosoma ruyuanense Zhu & Yang, 2005^[11]
• Chrysosoma sagax Becker, 1922
• Chrysosoma salomonis Parent, 1929
• Chrysosoma saonekense (De Meijere, 1913)
• Chrysosoma schistellum Frey, 1924
• Chrysosoma serratum Yang & Saigusa, 2001^[7]
• Chrysosoma seticorne (Walker, 1864)
• Chrysosoma setosum (Van der Wulp, 1891)
• Chrysosoma shixingense Zhu & Yang, 2005^[11]
• Chrysosoma sigma Parent, 1935
• Chrysosoma simalurense (De Meijere, 1916)
• Chrysosoma singulare Parent, 1933
• Chrysosoma snelli Curran, 1927
• Chrysosoma solitarium Parent, 1935
• Chrysosoma spiniferum (Van der Wulp, 1896)
• Chrysosoma spinosum Wang, Zhu & Yang, 2014^[8]
• Chrysosoma splendidum (Van der Wulp, 1868)
• Chrysosoma stolyarovi Grichanov, 1998^[14]
• Chrysosoma stubbsi Grichanov, 1997
• Chrysosoma sumatranum Enderlein, 1912
• Chrysosoma tabubil Bickel in Bickel & Martin, 2022^[3]
• Chrysosoma tenuipenne Curran, 1927
• Chrysosoma terminatum Becker, 1922
• Chrysosoma tongbiguanum Yang & Zhu, 2012
• Chrysosoma townesi Bickel, 1994
• Chrysosoma trigonocercus Wei & Song, 2005
• Chrysosoma tuberculicorne (Macquart, 1855)
• Chrysosoma undulatum Becker, 1922
• Chrysosoma usherae Grichanov, 2021^[5]
• Chrysosoma vanbruggeni Grichanov, 2021^[5]
• Chrysosoma varitum Wei, 2006
• Chrysosoma viduum Lamb, 1929
• Chrysosoma vietnamense Wang, Zhang & Yang, 2012^[15]
• Chrysosoma vittatum (Wiedemann, 1819)
• Chrysosoma waigeense (De Meijere, 1913)
• Chrysosoma watutense Bickel in Bickel & Martin, 2022^[3]
• Chrysosoma woodi Parent, 1935
• Chrysosoma xanthodes Yang & Li, 1998
• Chrysosoma yapense Bickel, 1994
• Chrysosoma yunnanense Yang & Saigusa, 2001^[7]
• Chrysosoma zaitzevi Grichanov, 1997
• Chrysosoma zengchengense Zhu & Yang, 2005^[11]
• Chrysosoma zephyrus (Bigot, 1858)
• Chrysosoma zhoui Yang & Zhu, 2012

Subgenus Kalocheta Becker, 1923:^[14]

• Chrysosoma cucanum (Negrobov & Kulibali, 1983)
• Chrysosoma neoliberia Bickel, 1994^[10]
• Chrysosoma passivum (Becker, 1923)
• Chrysosoma villiersi (Vanschuytbroeck, 1970)

Subgenus Mesoblepharius Bigot, 1859:

• Chrysosoma aequilobatum Parent, 1933
• Chrysosoma albilimbatum (Bigot, 1890)
• Chrysosoma albocrinitatum Curran, 1925
• Chrysosoma angolense Parent, 1933
• Chrysosoma bacchi Dyte, 1957
• Chrysosoma bredoi Parent, 1933
• Chrysosoma consentium Curran, 1925
• Chrysosoma continuum Curran, 1927
• Chrysosoma gemmeum (Walker, 1849)
• Chrysosoma hargreavesi Curran, 1927
• Chrysosoma hirsutulum Parent, 1933
• Chrysosoma katangense Curran, 1925
• Chrysosoma lavinia Curran, 1927
• Chrysosoma liberia Curran, 1929
• Chrysosoma mesotrichum (Bezzi, 1908)
• Chrysosoma pseudorepertum Grichanov, 1998^[14]
• Chrysosoma repertum Becker, 1923
• Chrysosoma schoutedeni Curran, 1927
• Chrysosoma senegalense (Macquart, 1834)
• Chrysosoma tanasijtshuki Grichanov, 1997
• Chrysosoma tractatum Becker, 1923
• Chrysosoma tricrinitum Parent, 1933
• Chrysosoma triumphator Parent, 1933
• Chrysosoma varivittatum Curran, 1925
• Chrysosoma vividum Becker, 1923
• Chrysosoma zinovjevi Grichanov, 1997

Unrecognised species:

• Chrysosoma adoptatum Parent, 1935
• Chrysosoma chromatipes (Bigot, 1890)
• Chrysosoma clarum (Walker, 1857)
• Chrysosoma clypeatum Parent, 1937
• Chrysosoma collucens (Walker, 1857)
• Chrysosoma derelictum (Walker, 1857)
• Chrysosoma doleschalli Enderlein, 1912
• Chrysosoma fuscopennatum (Bigot, 1890)
• Chrysosoma gilvipes Enderlein, 1912
• Chrysosoma illiciens (Walker, 1857)
• Chrysosoma insulanum Parent, 1939
• Chrysosoma leiopum (Doleschall, 1856)
• Chrysosoma moderatum (Walker, 1864)
• Chrysosoma nitens (Fabricius, 1805)
• Chrysosoma nubeculosum Becker, 1922
• Chrysosoma orciferum (Walker, 1859)
• Chrysosoma pauper Becker, 1922
• Chrysosoma posterum Becker, 1922
• Chrysosoma posticum (Walker, 1857)
• Chrysosoma prolectans (Walker, 1857)
• Chrysosoma robustum (Walker, 1857)
• Chrysosoma rubicundum Becker, 1922
• Chrysosoma setipes (Bigot, 1890)
• Chrysosoma subfascipennis (Curran, 1926)^[16]
• Chrysosoma subnotatum (Walker, 1857)
• Chrysosoma villipes (Rondani, 1875)

Species considered nomina nuda:

• Chrysosoma reficitum (Parent, 1934)

Species considered nomina dubia:^{[17] [5]}

• Chrysosoma arduum (Parent, 1936)
• Chrysosoma benignum Parent, 1934
• Chrysosoma carum (Walker, 1849)
• Chrysosoma flexum (Loew, 1858)
• Chrysosoma laeve (Bigot, 1891)
• Chrysosoma praecipuum Parent, 1936
• Chrysosoma trigemmans (Walker, 1849)

Species that are now synonyms:

• Chrysosoma fasciatum (Guérin-Méneville, 1831): synonym of Chrysosoma aeneum (Fabricius, 1805)^[13]

Renamed species:

• Chrysosoma inerme (De Meijere, 1913) (originally Psilopus albopilosus inermis De Meijere, 1913, nec Psilopus inermis Loew, 1861): renamed to Chrysosoma anoplum Meuffels & Grootaert, 1999^[4]

Species moved to other genera:

• Chrysosoma asperum Parent, 1933: moved to Amblypsilopus,^[5] synonym of Amblypsilopus bevisi (Curran, 1927)^[16]
• Chrysosoma centrale Becker, 1923: moved to Amblypsilopus^[5]
• Chrysosoma insensibile Yang, 1995^[18] moved to Amblypsilopus^[1]
• Chrysosoma ungulatum Parent, 1941: moved to Amblypsilopus^[5]

Notes and References

1. Tang. C.. Zhu. Y.. Yang. D.. 2019. Sciapodinae from the Himalayan region with description of nine new species from Tibet (Diptera: Dolichopodidae). Zootaxa. 4577. 1. 1–28. 10.11646/zootaxa.4577.1.1. 31715733 .
2. Book: Evenhius, N. L.. Family Dolichopodidae. http://hbs.bishopmuseum.org/aocat/doli.html. Evenhius. N. L.. Catalog of the Diptera of the Australasian and Oceanian Regions (online version). 17 April 2016. 10 April 2018.
3. Bickel. D.J.. Martin. J.. 2022. The Papuan Chrysosoma lucigena group (Diptera: Dolichopodidae: Sciapodinae). Records of the Australian Museum. 74. 4. 103–129. 10.3853/j.2201-4349.74.2022.1818. free.
4. Meuffels. H. J. G.. Grootaert. Patrick. New names in the family Dolichopodidae (Diptera). Bulletin de l'Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique. Entomologie. 1999. 69. 289–292. 30 March 2018.
5. Grichanov. I.Ya.. 2021. New species and new records of the Afrotropical Sciapodinae (Diptera: Dolichopodidae). Proceedings of the Russian Entomological Society. 92. 42–65. 10.47640/1605-7678_2021_92_42 .
6. Yang. D.. Saigusa. T.. New and little known species of Dolichopodidae (Diptera) from China (XI). Bulletin de l'Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique. Entomologie. 2001. 71. 237–256.
7. Yang. D.. Saigusa. T.. 2001. New and little known species of Dolichopodidae (Diptera) from China (IX). Bulletin de l'Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique. Entomologie. 71. 165–188.
8. Wang. L.. Zhu. Y.. Yang. D.. 2014. Three New Species of the Genus Chrysosoma Guérin-Méneville from Tibet, China (Diptera: Dolichopodidae). Transactions of the American Entomological Society. 140. 1. 119–131. 10.3157/061.140.0107.
9. L.. Zhang. D.. Yang. P.. Grootaert. 2003. Notes on Dolichopodidae (Diptera) from Guangdong, China. Bulletin de l'Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique. Entomologie. 73. 181–188.
10. Bickel. D. J.. The Australian Sciapodinae (Diptera: Dolichopodidae), with a review of the Oriental and Australasian faunas, and a world conspectus of the subfamily. Records of the Australian Museum, Supplement. 1994. 21. 1–394. 10 September 2015. 10.3853/j.0812-7387.21.1994.50.
11. Zhu. Y.. Yang. D.. 2005. New species of Chrysosoma Guerin-Meneville (Diptera: Dolichopodidae), with a key to Chinese species. Zootaxa. 1029. 1. 47–60. 10.11646/zootaxa.1029.1.4.
12. I. Ya.. Grichanov. 2003. 2004. New Afrotropical Sciapodinae (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) with some new synonymy. Russian Entomological Journal. 12. 3. 329–346.
13. Bickel. D. J.. Martin. J.. 2021. The Australasian Chrysosoma aeneum (Fabricius) group (Diptera: Dolichopodidae: Sciapodinae). Proceedings of the Russian Entomological Society. 92. 23–26. 10.47640/1605-7678_2021_92_23 .
14. Grichanov. I. Ya.. 1998. New data on Sciapodinae (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) with a revised catalogue and keys to Afrotropical species of the subfamily. Bulletin de l'Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique. Entomologie. 68. 79–130.
15. Wang. J.. Zhang. L.. Yang. D.. 2012. Chrysosoma from Vietnam, with description of a new species and a key to Vietnamese species (Diptera: Dolichopodidae. Zootaxa. 3382. 53–58. 10.11646/zootaxa.3382.1.5 .
16. Grichanov. I. Ya.. 2022. Six new species of Amblypsilopus Bigot (Diptera: Dolichopodidae: Sciapodinae) and a key to species of the Afrotropical mainland. European Journal of Taxonomy. 789. 49–80. 10.5852/ejt.2022.789.1631. free.
17. Igor Ya.. Grichanov. 2018. An annotated catalogue of afrotropical Dolichopodoidae (Diptera). Plant Protection News, Supplements. All-Union Research Institute of Plant Protection (VISR). St.Petersburg. 25. 10.5281/zenodo.1187006. free.
18. Yang. D.. 1995. Three new species of the subfamily Sciapodinae from China (Diptera, Dolichopodidae). Bulletin de l'Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique. Entomologie. 65. 179–181.