Chrysophlegma Explained

Chrysophlegma is a genus of birds in the woodpeckers family Picidae. These species, found in South and Southeast Asia, were all previously assigned to the genus Picus.

Taxonomy

The species now placed in Chrysophlegma were previously assigned to the genus Picus. A molecular phylogenetic study published in 2008 found that the genus Picus, as then defined, formed two separate clades and might not be monophyletic. Three species were therefore moved from Picus into the resurrected genus Chrysophlegma,^{[1] [2]} which had been introduced in 1850 by the English ornithologist John Gould to accommodate the greater yellownape (Chrysophlegma flavinucha).^[3] The genus name combines the Classical Greek khrusos meaning "gold" and phlegma meaning "flame" or "fire".^[4]

The genus contains 3 species.^[2]

Image	Scientific name	Common Name	Distribution
	Chrysophlegma flavinucha^[5]		East Asia from northern and eastern India to south-eastern China, Indochina, Hainan, and Sumatra
	Chrysophlegma mentale^[6]		Myanmar, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei, and Indonesia.
	Chrysophlegma miniaceum^[7]		Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Singapore, and Thailand

Notes and References

1. Fuchs . J. . Pons . J.-M. . Ericson . P.G.P. . Bonillo . C. . Couloux . A. . Pasquet . E. . 2008 . Molecular support for a rapid cladogenesis of the woodpecker clade Malarpicini, with further insights into the genus Picus (Piciformes: Picinae) . Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution . 48 . 1 . 34–46 . 10.1016/j.ympev.2008.03.036. 18487062 .
2. Web site: Gill . Frank . Frank Gill (ornithologist) . Donsker . David . Rasmussen . Pamela . Pamela Rasmussen . 2020 . Woodpeckers . IOC World Bird List Version 10.1 . International Ornithologists' Union . 17 May 2020 .
3. Book: Gould, John . John Gould . 1850 . The Birds of Asia . 6 . Chrysophlegma flavinucha . self . London . Plate 36 and text . https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/39632162 .
4. Book: Jobling, James A. . 2010. The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names . limited . Christopher Helm . London . 978-1-4081-2501-4 . 105 .
5. BirdLife International . 2018 . Chrysophlegma flavinucha . 2018 . e.T22681437A130041888 . 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22681437A130041888.en . 19 November 2021.
6. BirdLife International . 2016 . Chrysophlegma humii . 2016 . e.T62049529A95187388 . 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T62049529A95187388.en . 19 November 2021.
7. BirdLife International . 2016 . Chrysophlegma miniaceum . 2016 . e.T22681428A92906295 . 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22681428A92906295.en . 19 November 2021.