Chromosome 16 Explained

Length Bp:96,330,374 bp
(CHM13)
Genes:795 (CCDS)
Type:Autosome
Centromere Position:Metacentric[1]
(36.8 Mbp[2])
Chr:16
Ensembl Id:16
Entrez Id:16
Ncbi Id:16
Ucsc Id:16
Refseq Id:NC_000016
Genbank Id:CM000678

Chromosome 16 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. People normally have two copies of this chromosome. Chromosome 16 spans about 96 million base pairs (the building material of DNA) and represents just under 3% of the total DNA in cells.

Genes

Number of genes

The following are some of the gene count estimates of human chromosome 16. Because researchers use different approaches to genome annotation their predictions of the number of genes on each chromosome varies (for technical details, see gene prediction). Among various projects, the collaborative consensus coding sequence project (CCDS) takes an extremely conservative strategy. So CCDS's gene number prediction represents a lower bound on the total number of human protein-coding genes.[3]

Estimated by Non-coding RNA genes Pseudogenes Source Release date
795 — —[4] 2016-09-08
HGNC802 251 365[5] 2017-05-12
865 1,046 462[6] 2017-03-29
838 — —[7] 2018-02-28
912 652 502[8] [9] [10] 2017-05-19

Gene list

The following is a partial list of genes on human chromosome 16. For complete list, see the link in the infobox on the right.

Diseases and disorders

Associated traits

Cytogenetic band

G-bands of human chromosome 16 in resolution 850 bphs[13] ! Chr. ! Arm[14] ! Band[15] ! ISCN
start[16] ! ISCN
stop! Basepair
start ! Basepair
stop ! Stain[17] ! Density
16 p 13.3 0 352
16 p 13.2 352 596 gpos 50
16 p 13.13 596 813 gneg
16 p 13.12 813 948 gpos 50
16 p 13.11 948 1070 gneg
16 p 12.3 1070 1246 gpos 50
16 p 12.2 1246 1409 gneg
16 p 12.1 1409 1558 gpos 50
16 p 11.2 1558 1856 gneg
16 p 11.1 1856 2045 acen
16 q 11.1 2045 2194 acen
16 q 11.2 2194 2709 gvar
16 q 12.1 2709 2953 gneg
16 q 12.2 2953 3142 gpos 50
16 q 13 3142 3346 gneg
16 q 21 3346 3657 gpos 100
16 q 22.1 3657 4023 gneg
16 q 22.2 4023 4118 gpos 50
16 q 22.3 4118 4294 gneg
16 q 23.1 4294 4551 gpos 75
16 q 23.2 4551 4659 gneg
16 q 23.3 4659 4768 gpos 50
16 q 24.1 4768 4930 gneg
16 q 24.2 4930 5025 gpos 25
16 q 24.3 5025 5120 gneg

References

External links

Notes and References

  1. Book: Tom Strachan. Andrew Read. Human Molecular Genetics. 2 April 2010. Garland Science. 978-1-136-84407-2. 45.
  2. Genome Decoration Page, NCBI. Ideogram data for Homo sapience (850 bphs, Assembly GRCh38.p3). Last update 2014-06-03. Retrieved 2017-04-26.
  3. Pertea M, Salzberg SL. Between a chicken and a grape: estimating the number of human genes. . Genome Biol . 2010 . 11 . 5 . 206 . 20441615 . 10.1186/gb-2010-11-5-206 . 2898077 . free .
  4. Web site: Search results - 16[CHR] AND "Homo sapiens"[Organism] AND ("has ccds"[Properties] AND alive[prop]) - Gene . NCBI . CCDS Release 20 for Homo sapiens . 2016-09-08 . 2017-05-28.
  5. Web site: Statistics & Downloads for chromosome 16 . HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee . 2017-05-12 . 2017-05-19 . 2017-08-18 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170818175144/http://www.genenames.org/cgi-bin/statistics?c=16 . dead .
  6. Web site: Chromosome 16: Chromosome summary - Homo sapiens . Ensembl Release 88 . 2017-03-29 . 2017-05-19.
  7. Web site: Human chromosome 16: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM . UniProt . 2018-02-28 . 2018-03-16.
  8. Web site: Search results - 16[CHR] AND "Homo sapiens"[Organism] AND ("genetype protein coding"[Properties] AND alive[prop]) - Gene . NCBI . 2017-05-19 . 2017-05-20.
  9. Web site: Search results - 16[CHR] AND "Homo sapiens"[Organism] AND (("genetype miscrna"[Properties] OR "genetype ncrna"[Properties] OR "genetype rrna"[Properties] OR "genetype trna"[Properties] OR "genetype scrna"[Properties] OR "genetype snrna"[Properties] OR "genetype snorna"[Properties]) NOT "genetype protein coding"[Properties] AND alive[prop]) - Gene . NCBI . 2017-05-19 . 2017-05-20.
  10. Web site: Search results - 16[CHR] AND "Homo sapiens"[Organism] AND ("genetype pseudo"[Properties] AND alive[prop]) - Gene . NCBI . 2017-05-19 . 2017-05-20.
  11. Maillard. A M. The 16p11.2 locus modulates brain structures common to autism, schizophrenia and obesity. Molecular Psychiatry. 25 November 2014. 20. 1. 140–147. 10.1038/mp.2014.145. 25421402. 4320286.
  12. Richter. M. Altered TAOK2 activity causes autism-related neurodevelopmental and cognitive abnormalities through RhoA signaling. Molecular Psychiatry. 24. 9. 1329–1350. 21 February 2018. 10.1038/s41380-018-0025-5. 29467497. 6756231.
  13. Genome Decoration Page, NCBI. Ideogram data for Homo sapience (850 bphs, Assembly GRCh38.p3). Last update 2014-06-03. Retrieved 2017-04-26.
  14. "p": Short arm; "q": Long arm.
  15. For cytogenetic banding nomenclature, see article locus.
  16. These values (ISCN start/stop) are based on the length of bands/ideograms from the ISCN book, An International System for Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature (2013). Arbitrary unit.
  17. gpos: Region which is positively stained by G banding, generally AT-rich and gene poor; gneg: Region which is negatively stained by G banding, generally CG-rich and gene rich; acen Centromere. var: Variable region; stalk: Stalk.

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