Christ's College, Cambridge Explained

University:University of Cambridge
Christ's College
Shield:File:Christ's College, Cambridge arms.svg
Shield Caption:Arms of Christ's College, being the arms of the founder Lady Margaret Beaufort
Blazon:Royal arms of England a bordure componée azure and argent
Abbreviation:CHR[1]
Motto:Souvent me Souvient (Old French)
English Motto:I often remember / Remember me often[2]
Named After:Jesus Christ
Established:
(refounded 1505)
Previous Names:God's House (1437–1505)
Location:St Andrew's Street (map)
Head Label:Master
Head Link:List of Masters of Christ's College, Cambridge
Head:Simon McDonald
Undergraduates:459 (2022-23)
Graduates:265 (2022-23)
Endowment:£122m (2022)[3]
Coordinates:52.2063°N 0.1224°W
Location Map:United Kingdom Cambridge Central
Location Map2:United Kingdom Cambridge
Visitor:Chancellors of the University ex officio

Christ's College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge.[4] The college includes the Master, the Fellows of the College, and about 450 undergraduate and 250 graduate students.[5] The college was founded by William Byngham in 1437 as God's House. In 1505, the college was granted a new royal charter, was given a substantial endowment by Lady Margaret Beaufort, and changed its name to Christ's College, becoming the twelfth of the Cambridge colleges to be founded in its current form. Alumni of the college include some of Cambridge University's most famous members, including Charles Darwin and John Milton.

The current Master is Lord McDonald of Salford.[6]

History

Christ's College was founded by William Byngham in 1437 as God's House,[7] on land which was soon after sold to enable the enlargement of King's College.[8] Byngham obtained the first royal licence for God's House in July 1439.[9] The college was founded to provide for the lack of grammar-school masters in England at the time,[10] and the college has been described as "the first secondary-school training college on record".[11] The original site of Godshouse was surrendered in 1443 to King's College, and currently about three-quarters of King's College Chapel stands on the original site of God's House.[12]

After the original royal licence of 1439, three more licences, two in 1442 and one in 1446, were granted before in 1448 God's House received the charter upon which the college was in fact founded.[13] In this charter, King Henry VI was named as the founder, and in the same year the college moved to its current site.[14]

In 1505, the college was endowed by Lady Margaret Beaufort, mother of King Henry VII, and was given the name Christ's College, perhaps at the suggestion of her confessor, the Bishop John Fisher.[15] The expansion in the population of the college in the seventeenth century led to the building, in the 1640s, of the Fellows' Building in what is now Second Court.[15]

Buildings

The original 15th/16th century college buildings now form part of First Court, including the chapel, Master's Lodge and Great Gate tower. The gate itself is disproportionate: the bottom has been cut off to accommodate a rise in street level, which can be seen in the steps leading down to the foot of L staircase in the gate tower. The college hall, originally built at the very start of the 16th century, was restored in 1875–1879 by George Gilbert Scott the younger. The lawn of First Court is famously round, and a wisteria sprawls up the front of the Master's lodge.

Second Court is fully built up on only three sides, one of which is formed by the 1640s Fellows' Building. The fourth side backs onto the Master's garden.

The Stevenson Building in Third Court was designed by J. J. Stevenson in the 1880s and was extended in 1905 as part of the College's Quadcentenary. In 1947 Professor Albert Richardson designed a new cupola for the Stevenson building, and a second building, the neo-Georgian Chancellor's Building (W staircase, now known as The Blyth Building), completed in 1950. Third Court's Memorial Building (Y staircase), a twin of the Chancellor's building, also by Richardson, was completed in 1953 at a cost of £80,000.[16] Third Court is also noted for its display of irises in May and June, a gift to the college in 1946.[17]

The controversial tiered concrete New Court (often dubbed "the Typewriter") was designed in the Modernist style by Sir Denys Lasdun in 1966–70, and was described as "superb" in Lasdun's obituary in the Guardian.[18] Design critic Hugh Pearman comments "Lasdun had big trouble relating to the street at the overhanging rear".[19] It appears very distinctively in aerial photographs, forming part of the northern boundary of the college.

An assortment of neighbouring buildings have been absorbed into the college, of which the most notable is the Todd Building, previously Cambridge's County Hall.[20]

Through an arch in the Fellows' Building is the Fellows' Garden. It includes two mulberry trees, of which the older was planted in 1608, the same year as Milton's birth. Both trees have toppled sideways, the younger tree in the Great Storm of 1987, and are now earthed up round the trunks, but continue to fruit every year.[21]

Swimming pool

Christ's College is one of only 5 colleges in Oxford or Cambridge to have its own swimming pool. It is fed by water from Hobson's Conduit. Recently refurbished, it is now known as the 'Malcolm Bowie Bathing Pool', and is thought to be the oldest outdoor swimming pool in the UK, dating from the mid 17th century.[22] The other four swimming pools within colleges belong to Girton College (indoor pool), Corpus Christi College (outdoor pool), Emmanuel College (outdoor pool) and Clare Hall (indoor pool).

Plan of College

Academic profile

With a deserved reputation even within Cambridge for the highest academic standards, Christ's came first in the Tompkins Table's twentieth anniversary aggregate table,[23] and between 2001 and 2007, it had a mean position of third.[24] Academic excellence continues at Christ's, with 91% of students in 2013 gaining a first class degree or an upper second (II.i). This is significantly higher than the University average of 70%.[25] [26]

Christ's is noted for educating two of Cambridge's most famous alumni, the poet John Milton and the naturalist Charles Darwin, who, during the celebrations for the 800th anniversary of the University, were both placed at the foreground as two of the four most iconic individuals in the University's history.[27] [28] [29] The college has also educated Nobel Laureates including Martin Evans, James Meade, Alexander Todd and Duncan Haldane.[30] [31] It is the University's 6th largest producer of Nobel Prize winners.

Some of the college's other famous alumni include former archbishop of Canterbury Rowan Williams, theologian William Paley, historian Simon Schama, South African Prime Minister Jan Smuts, Lord Louis Mountbatten of Burma, medical doctor, scientist, and diplomat Davidson Nicol, and comedians John Oliver, Sacha Baron Cohen, and Andy Parsons.

Student life

The Junior Combination Room (JCR), represents the undergraduate students. It organises social and welfare events, and negotiates on the students' behalf on important issues. The JCR has a standing committee and a common room for all the students. The JCR's counterpart, the Middle Combination Room (MCR) represents the graduate students of the College, and has its own bar. The MCR organises regular Graduate Halls. A Garden Party is held by both the JCR and the MCR every June in the Fellows' Garden. The Senior Combination Room (SCR) is composed solely of fellows of the College and holds two feasts each year.

The Acting Chaplain of the college is Michael Dormandy.

Other societies in Christ's include:

May Ball

Christ's, like most other Cambridge Colleges, also hosts a biennial May Ball in the time after undergraduate examinations which is by students commonly known as May Week. A separate society called "Christ's College May Ball Committee" is set up every two years to organise and direct this event. The 2010 May Ball, named "L'Esprit Nouveau", was held on 15 June 2010 and featured a 1920s Parisian theme, Two Door Cinema Club headlined the entertainment. The May Ball in June 2012 featured a Rio de Janeiro carnival theme. Other previous themes include Le Reve in 2002, Silhouette in 2004, Elysium in 2006 and 'The Jasmine Ball' in 2008.

The May Ball on Tuesday 17 June 2014 was hailed as one of the best May Balls of the year, coming close to perfection.[34] It was themed "The Emerald City".

The May Ball on Tuesday 14 June 2016 was themed as Biophilia.[35] In 2018 the theme was A Night's Tale.[36] While the 2020 Ball was cancelled due to the COVID-19 Pandemic, the May Ball returned in 2022, themed as Mythos.

The 2024 May Ball will be held on 18 June 2024, themed after the William Shakespeare play, A Midsummer Night's Dream. [37]

Grace

The College Grace is normally said before any dinner held in the Formal Hall of the College. Though the student body rises for the recitation of the Grace, Christ's is one of the only Colleges in Cambridge where the students do not rise when the Fellows enter and leave the Dining Hall. This is said to be the result of a historical conflict between the Students and Fellows at Christ's, who were on opposite sides during the English Civil War. The words of the Grace are as follows:

Notable people

Proctors of God's House

Masters of Christ's

See main article: List of Masters of Christ's College, Cambridge.

Notable alumni

See main article: List of alumni of Christ's College, Cambridge.

NameBirthDeathCareer
Prince Ra'ad bin Zeid Al-Hussein1936Jordanian Prince
Prince Zeid Ra'ad Zeid Al-Hussein1964UN High Commissioner for Human Rights
William Ames15761633Reformed Theologian
Thomas Baines16221680Physician, original Fellow of Royal Society
Richard Bancroft15441610Archbishop of Canterbury, Organiser of James I Bible
1971Comedian
Jasmine Birtles1962British financial and business commentator, television presenter, author and journalist
Jagdish Chandra Bose18581937Indian physicist
C. Delisle Burns18791942Atheist and secularist writer and lecturer
Brian Cantor1948Vice-Chancellor of the University of Bradford and previously of the University of York
Sir Anthony Caro19242013Sculptor
Randolph Carter18741932Explorer
John Cook19181984Prolific Anglo-American composer and organist
Miles Corbet1594/51662Regicide
Frederick Cornwallis17131783Archbishop of Canterbury
John Cornwell1940British author and journalist
John James Cowperthwaite19162006Credited with policies allowing Hong Kong's economic boom in the 1960s
John Cridland1961Director-General of the Confederation of British Industry
Charles Darwin18091882British naturalist
Patrick Arthur Devlin, Baron Devlin19051992Jurist, Lord of Appeal in Ordinary
Colin Dexter19302017Novelist
Jill Duff1972Bishop of Lancaster
George Dwyer19081987Archbishop of Birmingham; Council Father of the Second Vatican Council
James Chuter Ede18821965Home Secretary and Leader of the House of Commons
Sir Martin Evans1941Biochemist, Nobel laureate in medicine
Dee Ferris1973British Painter
John Finch16261682Ambassador, original Fellow of Royal Society
Noel Gay18981954Composer
Nina Gold1964BAFTA-winning casting director
Edmund Grindal15191583Archbishop of Canterbury
Alfred Cort Haddon18551940Father of modern anthropology
Duncan Haldane1951Physicist, Nobel laureate in physics
Yusuf Hamied1936Chemist and industrialist
Natalie Haynes1974Writer and broadcaster and a former comedian.
John Healey1960British politician
Derry Irvine, Baron Irvine of Lairg1940Lord Chancellor
Phillip King19342021Sculptor
David Knowles18961974Historian
David Konstant1930Roman Catholic Bishop of Leeds
John Kotelawala18971980Prime Minister of Ceylon (Sri Lanka)
John Lelandc 15061552Father of English history
Tony Lewis1938England and Glamorgan cricket captain; writer and broadcaster
Michael Liebreich1963Clean energy expert, founder of Bloomberg New Energy Finance
Richard Luce1936Lord Chamberlain
Michael Lynch1965Founder of Autonomy Systems
Edward Petronell Manby18641929Medical Officer to the Ministry of Health
Allama Mashriqi18831963Founder of the Khaksar Tehreek
Sir Peter Mathieson1959Vice-Chancellor of the University of Edinburgh
David Mellor1949British politician
Sir Walter Mildmay1589Founder of Emmanuel College, Cambridge
Miles Millarc 1967Hollywood screenwriter and producer
John Milton16081674English poet
Helen Mort1985Poet
Louis, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma19001979Admiral (RN) and statesman
Thomas Nelson, Jr.17381789Governor of Virginia; signer of the American Declaration of Independence
Davidson Nicol19241994Sierra Leonean academic, diplomat, physician, and writer
John Oliver1977British political comedian
J. Robert Oppenheimer19041967American theoretical physicist and 'father of the atomic bomb'
Andy Parsons1967English comedian and writer
William Paley17431805English theologian and philosopher
Steve Palmer1968Professional football player
John Peile18381910Philologist
William Perkins15581602Leading Puritan Theologian of the Elizabethan Era
Sir John Plumb19112001British historian
Thomas Plume16301704English cleric, founder of the University's Plumian Chair of Astronomy and Experimental Philosophy
Roy Porter19462002British historian
Beilby Porteus17311809Bishop of Chester and Bishop of London, leading reformer and abolitionist
Maheshi RamasamyPhysician and lecturer
Peter Rawlinson19192006Attorney General for England and Wales
Forrest Reid18751948Cambridge apostle, novelist, literary critic
Austin Robinson18971993British Economist and economic historian
Thomas Robinson, 2nd Baron Grantham17381786British Foreign Secretary
David Say19392006Bishop of Rochester
Sir Simon Schama1945British historian, author, and television presenter
Sir Nicholas Serota1946Director of the Tate Gallery
Walter William Skeat18351912Philologist
Jan Smuts18701950Prime Minister of South Africa, Field Marshal, and Commonwealth statesman
Charles Snow, Baron Snow19051980British novelist and philosopher
John Soothill19252004Paediatric immunologist
F. Gordon A. Stone19252011British chemist
Szeming Sze19081998Chinese Diplomat, WHO co-founder
Nicholas Tarling19312017Historian
Sir Jeffrey Tate19432017Conductor
John Tayloe III17701828Plantation owner, horse breeder and American politician. Imported Diomed to the United States
Henry Teonge16201690Naval chaplain and diarist
Andrew Turnbull, Baron Turnbull1945Cabinet Secretary and head of the Civil Service
Edward Whitehead Reid18831930Aviator
Richard Whiteley19432005British television presenter
Rowan Williams1950British theologian, Anglican Archbishop of Canterbury, Master of Magdalene College, Cambridge
Sir Christopher Zeeman19252016British mathematician

References

  1. University of Cambridge . 6 March 2019 . Notice by the Editor . . 149 . Special No 5 . 1 . 20 March 2019 .
  2. Web site: Introducing 'Souvient' – a new Cambridge podcast series inspired by Lady Margaret Beaufort . St John's College, Cambridge.
  3. https://www.christs.cam.ac.uk/sites/default/files/inline-files/2022-23-christs-college-annual-report-and-accounts.pdf Christ's College Annual Report & Accounts 2022–23
  4. Web site: Homepage Christs College Cambridge . 2022-11-01 . www.christs.cam.ac.uk.
  5. Web site: Undergraduate Admissions: Christ's College . University of Cambridge website . 2 August 2009.
  6. Web site: Christ's College Welcomes New Master Christs College Cambridge . 2022-09-02 . www.christs.cam.ac.uk.
  7. Web site: History Christs College Cambridge . 2022-11-01 . www.christs.cam.ac.uk.
  8. Book: Lloyd, A.H.. The Early History of Christ's College. 13.
  9. Book: Lloyd, A.H.. The Early History of Christ's College. 24.
  10. Book: Lloyd, A.H.. The Early History of Christ's College. 37.
  11. Book: Leach. The Schools of Medieval England. 257.
  12. Book: Lloyd, A.H.. The Early History of Christ's College. 44–45.
  13. Book: Lloyd, A.H.. The Early History of Christ's College. 86.
  14. Book: Lloyd, A.H.. The Early History of Christ's College. 73.
  15. Web site: College History . 6 October 2015 . Christ's College, Cambridge.
  16. Christ's College Magazine, Michaelmas 1953
  17. Christ's College Magazine no. 228, p 53, 2003
  18. Web site: Architects pay tribute to Denys Lasdun. The Guardian. 12 January 2001. 13 September 2014.
  19. Web site: The Legacy of Lasdun . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120305055321/http://www.hughpearman.com/articles2/lasdun2.html . 5 March 2012 .
  20. Book: Pevsner, Nikolaus . 1970. The Buildings of England: Cambridgeshire. Penguin. London. 232. 978-0300205961.
  21. Christ's College Magazine no. 228, p 56, 2003
  22. Web site: Malcolm Bowie Bathing Pool Official Opening . 13 September 2014 . Christ's College, Cambridge . https://web.archive.org/web/20140525214349/http://www.christs.cam.ac.uk/default/news/malcolm-bowie-bathing-pool-official-opening . 25 May 2014 . dead . dmy-all .
  23. Web site: Christ's top of 20-year table of Cambridge colleges. The Independent . Judith . Judd . 24 July 2000 . 13 September 2014. 22 January 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140122061729/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/education/education-news/christs-top-of-20year-table-of-cambridge-colleges-698319.html. dead.
  24. Web site: Tompkins Table 2000-2007. Matt Mayer . 8 October 2015. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20090801230649/http://www.mattmayer.com/fun/tompkins/. 1 August 2009.
  25. Web site: Identifying and supporting Cambridge applicants . 2011 . Richard . Partington . University of Cambridge. 13 September 2014 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20140522175223/http://www.study.cam.ac.uk/undergraduate/teachers/presentations/supporting_applicants_v2.pdf . May 22, 2014 .
  26. Web site: Christ's College Annual Magazine 2013 . 13 September 2014 . Christ's College, Cambridge Alumni . 22 May 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140522190920/http://alumni.christs.cam.ac.uk/page.aspx?pid=447 . dead .
  27. Web site: Quentin Blake unveils Cambridge 800 panorama . University of Cambridge . 28 September 2009 . 10 July 2014.
  28. News: University education . Cambridge University's 800th birthday celebrated with spectacular light show . https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/education/universityeducation/4284625/Cambridge-Universitys-800th-birthday-celebrated-with-spectacular-light-show.html . 12 January 2022 . subscription . live . The Daily Telegraph . 18 January 2009 . 10 July 2014.
  29. News: University's history writ large on screen | Cambridge City News, Cambridge Local News Stories & Latest Headlines . Cambridge News . 10 July 2014 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20131224112554/http://www.cambridge-news.co.uk/Cambridge/Universitys-history-writ-large-on-screen.htm . 24 December 2013 .
  30. News: University of Cambridge Nobel Laureates. 8 October 2015.
  31. Web site: Christ's College Distinguished Members. Christ's College. 8 October 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20151023215705/https://www.christs.cam.ac.uk/college-life/distinguished-members. 23 October 2015. dead.
  32. Web site: Official Christ's College Website; Distinguished Alumni. Christ's College, Cambridge. 13 September 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20130118000242/http://www.christs.cam.ac.uk/alumni/distinguished-alumni/haddon/. 18 January 2013. dead.
  33. Web site: Rugby Varsity Match 1960: First Half Highlights.. https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211117/w5c42jbFuko. 2021-11-17 . live. YouTube. 13 September 2014.
  34. Web site: Christ's May Ball 2014: Close to Perfection . 19 June 2014 . 14 July 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140714142337/http://www.varsity.co.uk/reviews/7362 . dead .
  35. Web site: May Ball Review: Christ's.
  36. Web site: Review: Christ's May Ball. 21 June 2018.
  37. Web site: Review: Christ's May Ball. 25 February 2024.

Bibliography

External links