Christopher Reilly Explained

Christopher Reilly
Other Names:Christopher Riley
Birth Place:Dublin, Ireland
Death Date:1887
Death Place:Dublin, Ireland
Occupation:Gold miner, prospector
Years Active:1849–1873
Known For:Discovery of exceptional gold riches with his partner Horatio Hartley

Christopher Reilly (sometimes spelt Riley) was an Irish gold prospector who participated in the Otago gold rush in New Zealand in the 1860s.[1]

In 1862, Reilly discovered gold on the Clutha River with Horatio Hartley. The location was proclaimed as the Dunstan goldfield on 23 September 1862.[2]

Early life

Christopher Reilly is thought to have been born in Dublin, Ireland, though this and many of the details of his early life remain vague and contradictory.[3] [4] Little has been recorded of his early life apart from the fact he may have attended the University of Dublin, later joining the gold rush to California in 1849. Here in the Barbary Coast goldfields of California he would befriend Horatio Hartley, a gold prospector from Ohio in the United States.[5]

Gold rushes

Consistent with much of his early life, Reilly's life during the California gold rush is equally poorly recorded. What is known is that both Reilly and Hartley followed the gold rush from California to the Victorian Goldfields in Australia. Departing Victoria and travelling from Sydney to Auckland,[6] the pair arrived in New Zealand in 1862.

New Zealand

Like many Victorian miners, Hartley and Reilly congregated at the Tuapeka goldfield (Lawrence) on the Clutha River (Māori: Mata-Au), although it is likely their past experience in California and Victoria drove them to search for gold in Central Otago's poorly-explored interior.

The winter of 1862 was exceptionally severe and resulted in unseasonably low-levels of the Clutha River.[7] Hartley and Reilly worked the sides on the Cromwell Gorge for three months until they were forced to take the huge hoard of gold they had secretly amassed to the Chief Gold Receiver in Dunedin in August 1862.[8] Hartley and Reilly's discovery caused great excitement as they deposited some 87 lb (1,044 t oz) of gold,[9] sparking a gold rush to what would become known as Hartley's Beach.[10] Hartley and Reilly, in divulging the location of their rich finds (approximately one mile downstream of the confluence with the Kawarau River), were rewarded with £2000 from the Otago Provincial Government.[11] On 23 September 1862 the Dunstan goldfield was proclaimed, the selection of this name in preference to Hartley's being largely in deference to Reilly, who was 'jealous of the pre-eminence' accorded Hartley as the discoverer.

Neither Reilly or Hartley remained very long to participate in the fevered gold rush into Central Otago's interior. Reilly's imagination had been captured by the notion of a deep-sea harbour at Port Molyneux, at the mouth of the Clutha River, to serve the goldmining industry. Abandoning a claim in the Dunstan Goldfield in October 1862, he led an expedition of 18 men and two lifeboats to prove the Clutha River was "nature’s highway to the Dunstan".[12] Reilly's testimony of his feat received wide praise, described as "not less meritorious than that of his discovery of the field – although it has received no recognition".[13] Reilly later admitted the expedition proved that the Clutha was "wholly unnavigable". The venture cost Reilly on the order of £600 and he asked the Otago Provincial Council for compensation for leading the expedition.[14] The Provincial Council eventually decided not to recommend any compensation, but by this time Reilly had left New Zealand for Australia. He was reported in Tasmania in January 1863, where the Government wished to secure the services of Reilly to find a payable gold field.[15] With a handsome reward on offer, but the Government having no funds with which to engage Reilly, he declined this offer and took leave of Tasmania.

Later life

Reilly's movements after his brief period of fame in Central Otago become more uncertain from this point forward. He appeared in Nelson's Colonist newspaper on 31 January 1873 where he was reported to be back in Dunedin, having "done" both America and Australia.[16] Reilly considered New Zealand to be:

Reilly intended to give practical proof of this faith by starting on a prospecting tour. However, little mention is made of him after this.

It is thought that he returned to his native Dublin and died there in 1887,[17] [18] although a conflicting account suggests he instead died a poor man in Australia.

Legacy

Their names synonymous with the discovery of gold in the Cromwell Gorge, it was perhaps inevitable that with the introduction of gold dredges on the Clutha River in the 1890s that one would carry the eponym of Hartley and Reilly.[19] [20] [21] The Hartley and Reilly Dredge had mixed success; it was mining Hartley's Beach when a drunken dredge-hand let the ladder down out of control crashing through a hard pan into an underlying layer richer in gold than Hartley and Reilly's original discovery. In a single week the dredge recovered £5000 worth of gold.[22] Unfortunately, the Hartley and Reilly dredging company went into liquidation in 1913, and the dredge was sold at auction. It sank in 1914.

Horatio Hartley and Christopher Reilly are remembered on a plaque in the Cromwell Gorge which was installed by the Otago Goldfields Heritage Trust. The plaque overlooks Hartley's Beach (now submerged beneath Lake Dunstan) and reads:

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Hearn . T. J. . 1990 . Hartley, Horatio . 23 April 2017 . Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand.
  2. Book: Pyke. V. History of the early gold discoveries in Otago. 1887. Dunedin.
  3. Web site: McLintock . A. H. . HARTLEY, Horatio, and REILLY, Christopher (in) An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand . Te Ara . 17 September 2023 . 1966.
  4. News: 21 November 2012 . Fortunes differ for gold discoverers . Otago Daily Times . 17 September 2023.
  5. Book: Joyce, L. . Gold Rush: Central Otago 1862 . Promote Dunstan Inc . 2012 . 978-0-473-20171-5 . Clyde, NZ . Joyce2012.
  6. News: 6 February 1863 . Shipping Intelligence Port of Auckland . XIX . 3 . Daily Southern Cross . 1732 . 16 September 2023.
  7. Book: Laytham, P. . The Cromwell Gorge An Historical Guide . Laytham . E. . Cromwell and Districts Promotion Group . 2007 . 4 . Cromwell, NZ.
  8. Web site: Hartley and Reilly . 16 September 2023 . Central Otago District Council.
  9. News: 26 August 1862 . The Eighty Seven Pounds Weight of Gold! . XVII . 3 . Wellington Independent . 1758 .
  10. News: 17 August 1889 . Saturday, August 17, 1889 . LXXII . 4 . The Lyttelton Times . 8874 . 16 September 2023.
  11. News: 19 August 1862 . Conditions of Reward . 5 . Otago Daily Times . 217 . 16 September 2023.
  12. News: Reilly . C. . 22 November 1862 . Reilly's Expedition Up the Molyneux . 5 . Otago Daily Times . 289 . 17 September 2023.
  13. News: 24 November 1862 . DUNEDIN, MONDAY, NOVEMBER 24 . 4 . Otago Daily Times . 290 . 17 September 2023.
  14. News: 12 December 1862 . PROVINCIAL COUNCIL . 5 . Otago Daily Times . 306 . 17 September 2023.
  15. News: 7 February 1863 . Saturday, February 7, 1863 . 6 . 3 . Hawke's Bay Herald . 358 . 17 September 2023.
  16. News: 31 January 1873 . News of the Day . XVI . 3 . The Colonist . 1603 . 17 September 2023.
  17. Web site: Reilly, Christopher, −1887? . 17 September 2023 . New Zealand National Library.
  18. Web site: Alexandra, Central Otago District, New Zealand . 17 September 2023 . mindat.org.
  19. Web site: 1903 . Cromwell (in) The Cyclopedia of New Zealand (Otago & Southland Provincial Districts) . 16 September 2023 . Victoria University of Wellington Library . The Cyclopedia Company Limited .
  20. Web site: Grant . D. . Stock market – Financing the gold-dredging boom . 17 September 2023 . Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand.
  21. Web site: Hartley and Reilly Dredge (Gold dredge) . 16 September 2023 . New Zealand National Library.
  22. News: 27 August 1932 . New Zealand Gold . LXIX . 1 . New Zealand Herald . 21272 . 17 September 2023.