Chief Xian aTunde Adjuah explained

Chief Xian aTunde Adjuah
Alias:Chief Adjuah, aTunde Adjuah, X. Adjuah, Xian Adjuah[1] [2]
Birth Date:March 31, 1983
Birth Place:New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S.
Years Active:1996–present

Chief Xian aTunde Adjuah (born March 31, 1983,[3] formerly Christian Scott)[4] is an American jazz trumpeter, multi-instrumentalist, composer, and producer.

He has been nominated for six Grammy Awards[5] and is a two-time Edison Award[6] winner. He has been named the Jazz FM Innovator of the Year[7] and the Jazz Journalists Association Trumpeter of the Year.[8] He has also received the Herb Alpert Award in the Arts,[9] the Changing Worlds Peace Maker Award, and the Doris Duke Performing Arts Award.[10] Adjuah is the nephew of jazz saxophonist Donald Harrison Jr.[11] Adjuah is the Chieftain of the Xodokan Nation of Maroons and Grand Griot of New Orleans, an honor bestowed by the Ashé Cultural Center as part of annual rites commemorating the Maafa.[12] [13]

Early life

Adjuah was born on March 31, 1983, in New Orleans, Louisiana,[14] to Cara Harrison and Clinton Scott III. He has an identical twin brother, writer-director Kiel Adrian Scott. He began studying jazz with his uncle, jazz alto saxophonist Donald Harrison Jr, when he was 12.[15] He attended the New Orleans Center for Creative Arts (NOCCA) for high school and studied jazz under the guidance of program directors Clyde Kerr, Jr. and Kent Jordan. Adjuah appeared on Harrison Jr.’s albums Paradise Found and Kind of New after joining his uncle's quintet at age 16.[16] He graduated from NOCCA in 2001.[17]

Career

2002–2009: Berklee, signing with Concord, major label debut Rewind That, Live at Newport

Adjuah received a scholarship to attend Berklee College of Music in Boston, Massachusetts, where he majored in professional music with a concentration in film scoring and graduated in 2004. As a Berklee student, he started Impromp2 Records and released his first recording, Christian Scott (2002). As a student, he was a member of the Berklee Monterey Quartet, recorded as part of the Pat Metheny and Gary Burton-led Art:21 student cooperative quintet,[18] and studied under the direction of Charlie Lewis, Dave Santoro, and Gary Burton.[19]

Adjuah was signed to Concord Music in 2005.[20] That year, he was featured on Nnenna Freelon's Grammy nominated Blueprint of a Lady.[21] His Concord Records debut album Rewind That (2006) received a Grammy nomination for Best Contemporary Jazz Album.[22]

In 2007, he released Anthem and, in 2008, Live at Newport, a CD/DVD set.[23] Of this album, NPR raved "[Adjuah] Ushers In New Era of Jazz.”[24]

He was named one of Ebony's 30 Young Leaders Under 30 in 2007.[25]

2010–2012: Yesterday You Said Tomorrow, Stretch Music, and Cuban collaborations

2010 saw the release of Yesterday You Said Tomorrow, which received an Edison Award, and the naissance of Adjuah's "Stretch Music" concept. Public radio station WNYC's Soundcheck has described Stretch Music as a fusion of "Trap Music (Southern hiphop, mixed with techno, dub, and dutch house), traditional West African percussion and New Orleanian Afro-Native American styles."[26] According to scholar Stuart Nicholson, Adjuah coined "Stretch Music" because he "wanted to stretch the definition of jazz beyond the prescriptivist definitions of music."[27]

In 2010, Adjuah toured with Atoms for Peace, a supergroup that was formed by Radiohead's Thom York of Radiohead and featured Red Hot Chili Peppers bassist Flea.[28] That same year, he formed Ninety Miles with David Sánchez and Stefon Harris. The group spent a week recording with Cuban musicians Rember Duharte and Harold Lopez Nussa in Havana, Cuba.[29] From this collaboration came the 2010 studio album Ninety Miles Project, a 2011 documentary of the same title,[30] and the 2012 album Ninety Miles Live at Cubadisco, recorded at the 2010 Cubadisco festival in Havana.

In 2012, Adjuah released the double studio album Christian aTunde Adjuah. Reviewer John Fordham called it a "tour de force" and a "courageous and ambitious experiment."[31] The album garnered Adjuah his second Edison Award for Best International Jazz Artist.[32]

2014–2020: Stretch Music, Stretch Music, the Centennial Trilogy, and Axiom

Adjuah established his Stretch Music label in 2014. That same year he signed a partnership with Ropeadope Records. The inaugural release was 2015's album Stretch Music.[33]

In 2017, Adjuah released three albums, collectively titled The Centennial Trilogy.[34] The albums' launch commemorated the 100th anniversary of the first Jazz recordings of 1917. The three releases include Ruler Rebel, Diaspora, and The Emancipation Procrastination. The Emancipation Procrastination was nominated for a 2018 Grammy Award in the Best Contemporary Instrumental Album.[35]

In 2019 Adjuah released Ancestral Recall which received a Grammy nomination for Best Contemporary Instrumental Album.[36]

His next album, Axiom, was released in 2020 and was recorded live over five nights at the famed Blue Note Jazz Club in March 2020, just before New York City’s live venues were closed due to the coronavirus.[37] Axiom received a Grammy nomination for Best Contemporary Instrumental Album.[38]

Adjuah also received two Grammy nominations for Best Jazz Solo Performance for "Guinnevere" in 2020 and for "Sackodougou" in 2021.[39]

2021–2023: Chief Adjuah & the Sound Carved from Legend and the Doris Duke Award

In 2021, Adjuah formed a new group, Chief Adjuah & the Sound Carved from Legend,[40] which played the closing night of New Orleans's Prospect.5 triennial in January 2022.[41]

In 2022 Adjuah was the face of the BMW XM advertising campaign.[42]

In 2023, Adjuah won the Doris Duke Foundation's Doris Duke Artist Award.[43]

2023: Bark Out Thunder Roar Out Lightning

On June 28, 2023, Adjuah released Bark Out Thunder Roar Out Lightning on Ropeadope Records. It is the first album on which Adjuah does not play the trumpet, instead using instruments of his own design.[44] On the album, Adjuah "connects to a lineage of Black Indian recordings" like "Iko." Offbeat magazine hailed Adjuah's evolving sound, saying that with the record Adjuah "proves himself once again as an insightful and progressive musician forwarding the flames of ancestral cultures."[45]

Custom instrument design and development

Adjuah has designed a series of modified brass instruments produced and sold by Adams Musical Instruments.[46] He told Interview in 2017 that his innovations are due in part to disliking the sound of the instrument: "Part of the reason why I create my own line of trumpets and all these different types of B-flat instruments is because I fucking hate the sound of the trumpet. It’s terrible!"[47] His tilted-bell trumpet often garners comparisons to those played by Dizzy Gillespie, which featured bells bent upward at a 45-degree angle.[48] Ajudah's is tilted upward at a 22-degree angle.[49] [50] The Reverse Flugel, which Adams markets as the Adjuah Trumpet, is an "inverted flugelhorn with shepherd’s crooks"[51] that is able to sound notes in a higher register.[52] He has also developed the Siren (a trumpet-cornet hybrid), and a smaller version dubbed the Sirenette.[53]

He also developed a double-sided electric harp, which he calls an "Adjuah bow."[54] It combines the features of two traditional West African instruments, the Ngoni and the Kora.[55] The bow was manufactured to Adjuah's specifications by Bob Grawi.

Personal life

Adjuah married jazz vocalist Isadora Mendez in 2013.[56] They have since divorced.Adjuah is the grandson of legendary Big Chief Donald Harrison Sr. and the nephew of jazz innovator and legendary saxophonist-composer, NEA Jazz Master Big Chief Donald Harrison, Jr.

Chiefdom and cultural lineage

Adjuah's family lineage comes from the Maroon culture and Mardi Gras Indian tradition of New Orleans (Adjuah has said that he considers "Mardi Gras Indian" a pejorative term and prefers "Afro New Orleanian or Black Indian."[57]). His maternal grandfather, Donald Harrison Sr., who began masking in 1949,[58] led three Mardi Gras Indian tribes[59] before founding and leading the Guardians of the Flame in 1988.[60] His maternal uncle Donald Harrison Jr. is Big Chief of the Congo Square Nation Afro-New Orleans Cultural Group.[61] Adjuah began participating in his Grandfather's Guardians of the flame in 1988 with his twin brother Kiel Adrian Scott as "spy boy" and "flag boy" respectively.[62] He joined his uncle's Congo Square Nation in 1999 as "gang spy".[63] [64] [65] Today, Adjuah is Chieftan of Xodokan Nation of maroons.[66] In 2023, Adjuah was named Grand Griot of New Orleans at the Maafa Commemoration hosted by the Ashe Cultural Arts Center,[67] a position previously held by his maternal grandmother Guardians Institute founder Herreast Harrison.[68] [69] [70]

Name change

Born Christian Andre Scott, he began performing under the name Christian Scott aTunde Adjuah in 2012 as a way of reflecting his family's West African and Indigenous lineage.[71] "aTunde" and "Adjuah" are ancient cities in what is today Ghana.[72] Of his name change he has said "I wanted to create something that better reflected my identity and my background. I don't know specifically that my family came from Ghana – they may have come from Senegal or the Congo – but I sure as hell know that I'm not Scottish."[73] [74] In 2023, he had his name legally changed to Xian aTunde Adjuah and performs under Chief Adjuah.[75]

Film and television credits

Discography

As leader

As sideman

With Donald Harrison

With others

Notes and References

  1. News: Jazz Trumpeter Christian Scott aTunde Adjuah Melds Past, Present and Future. The New York Times. February 15, 2017. Russonello. Giovanni.
  2. Web site: Review: Christian Scott aTunde Adjuah's 'Axiom'. August 27, 2020.
  3. News: J. Moore . Marcus . The Multifaceted Mingus . 21 April 2022 . The New York Times . April 21, 2022 .
  4. Web site: Yawn . Andrew J. . Grammy-nominated Chief Adjuah aims to 'decolonize music' and has an instrument to do just that. . 2023-05-01 . USA TODAY . en-US.
  5. Web site: November 27, 2019 . Christian Scott aTunde Adjuah . April 8, 2020 . GRAMMY.com . en.
  6. Web site: Christian Scott. Edison Stichting . Nominaties . nl . January 10, 2014.
  7. Web site: Jazz FM Awards . 2023-05-01 . en-GB.
  8. Web site: 2020 . Jazz Journalist Associations Trumpeter of the Year .
  9. Web site: 2020-04-16 . Christian Scott aTunde Adjuah the Herb Alpert Award in the Arts . 2023-05-01 . herbalpertawards.org . en.
  10. 2 Jazz Artists Receive 2023 Doris Duke Artist Awards – And the $550,000 Prize Money That Goes With It . Billboard . 9 July 2023.
  11. News: Brown . Emma . Christian Scott aTunde Adjuah . 10 July 2023 . Interview . June 29, 2017.
  12. News: Pareles . Jon . Russonello . Giovanni . Zoladz . Lindsay . 2023-06-30 . Olivia Rodrigo's Gutsy Catharsis, and 12 More New Songs . en-US . The New York Times . 2023-07-23 . 0362-4331.
  13. Web site: Ashe Cultural Arts Center Presents: Chief Adjuah (formerly known as Christian Scott) as Maafa 2023 Grand Griot! – New Orleans Data News Weekly . June 28, 2023 . LA Data News . 2023-07-28 .
  14. Web site: Aidan Levy. March 13, 2013. Christian Scott – - Voice Choices – New York. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20131012155307/http://www.villagevoice.com/2013-03-13/voice-choices/christian-scott/full/. October 12, 2013. March 26, 2014. Village Voice.
  15. Web site: Hayes. Rob. October 8, 2004. Berklee Monterey Quartet to Headline at Blues Alley. https://web.archive.org/web/20041011233528/http://www.berklee.edu/opi/2004/1008.html. October 11, 2004. May 20, 2014. News@Berklee.
  16. Web site: Donald Harrison Jr* Introducing Christian Scott (2) – Paradise Found. May 6, 2020. Discogs. en.
  17. Web site: Ricci . Michael . Jazz Musician Of The Day: Christian Scott ATunde Adjuah . AllAboutJazz.com . March 31, 2023 . 9 July 2023.
  18. News: Mahoney. Lesley. September 2, 2008. Alumni Profile: Christian Scott Breaks Convention. Berklee News. May 20, 2014.
  19. Web site: The Checkout – Live at Berklee: Christian Scott. May 20, 2014. Berklee Events. January 29, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180129004420/https://www.berklee.edu/events/detail/11600/the-checkout-live-at-berklee-christian-scott. dead.
  20. News: Christian Scott. August 17, 2019. Concord. en-US.
  21. Web site: Christian Scott . November 8, 2020. AllMusic. en-us.
  22. Web site: GRAMMYs On the Road With Dave Douglas and Christian Scott . Grammy.com . March 26, 2014 .
  23. Web site: Live At Newport (CD/DVD) . Amoeba Music . 11 July 2023.
  24. Web site: Christian Scott Ushers In New Era Of Jazz. December 4, 2020. NPR.org. en.
  25. Under 30 Young Leaders . Ebony . 62 . 4 . February 2007.
  26. Web site: The Stretch Music of Trumpter Christian Scott aTunde Adjuah . WNYC Soundcheck . 10 July 2023.
  27. Book: Nicholson . Stuart . Jazz and Culture in a Global Age . 2014 . Northeastern University Press . Boston . 22 . 9781555538446 . 10 July 2023.
  28. News: Greeley . Shakeil . Christian Scott aTunde Adjuah: The Air Jordan-Wearing, Migos-Listening Future of Jazz . 17 July 2023 . GQ . 31 May 2017.
  29. News: Johnson . Reed . Ninety Miles celebrates Cuba's jazz link . Los Angeles Times . 2011.
  30. Web site: Ninety Miles . . 10 July 2023.
  31. News: Fordham. John. June 28, 2012. Christian Scott: Christian aTunde Adjuah – review. en-GB. The Guardian. November 8, 2020. 0261-3077.
  32. Web site: Jazz 2012 . Edisons . 11 July 2023.
  33. Emma Brown, Interview, June 29, 2017
  34. Web site: REVIEW: Christian Scott – Rebel Ruler Album Launch at Birthdays in Dalston. ljazzn. April 2, 2017. News, reviews, features and comment from the London jazz scene and beyond. en. May 15, 2020.
  35. Web site: Wilkinson . Alissa . 2019-02-10 . Here's the complete list of 2019 Grammy winners . 2023-05-01 . Vox . en.
  36. Web site: All GRAMMY Awards and Nominations for Christian Scott aTunde Adjuah . Grammys.com . 10 July 2023.
  37. News: Effinger . Shannon . Christian Scott aTunde Adjuah was one of the last musicians to perform in a New York club. The resulting album could win him a Grammy. . 9 July 2023 . Washington Post. https://web.archive.org/web/20221206035541/https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/music/christian-scott-atunde-adjuah-was-one-of-the-last-musicians-to-perform-in-a-new-york-club-the-resulting-album-could-win-him-a-grammy/2021/03/11/3a3a6300-803d-11eb-81db-b02f0398f49a_story.html . December 6, 2022 .
  38. Web site: All GRAMMY Awards and Nominations for Christian Scott aTunde Adjuah . Grammys.com . 10 July 2023.
  39. Web site: All GRAMMY Awards and Nominations for Christian Scott aTunde Adjuah . Grammys.com . 10 July 2023.
  40. News: Cugny . Noé . Christian Scott ATunde Adjuah Discusses Music And Culture Ahead Of Prospect.5 Gala . Offbeat Magazine . January 2022.
  41. News: Spera . Keith . For Prospect.5 gala headliner Christian Scott, the past constantly informs the future . 10 July 2023 . New Orleans Times-Picayune . January 19, 2022.
  42. Web site: 2022-11-22 . Grammy nominated Chief Adjuah aka Christian Scott becomes the Face of the first-ever BMW XM . 2023-08-12 . WCLK The Jazz of The City . en.
  43. News: Spera . Keit . New Orleans jazz trumpeter wins $550,000 Doris Duke Foundation award . 10 July 2023 . New Orleans Times-Picayune . February 22, 2023.
  44. News: 2023-07-27 . A Trumpeter Stretches Past the Bounds of Jazz . The New York Times . en . 2023-07-29 . Russonello . Giovanni .
  45. Web site: 2023-07-25 . Chief Xian aTunde Adjuah: Bark Out Thunder Roar Out Lightning (Ropeadope) - OffBeat Magazine . 2023-07-29 . www.offbeat.com . en-US.
  46. Web site: Christian Scott aTunde Adjuah . The Kennedy Center . 11 July 2023.
  47. Emma Brown, Interview, June 29, 2017
  48. Web site: A Distinctly American Bent / Dizzy Gillespie's misshapen horn highlights Smithsonian's traveling show . July 27, 1997 .
  49. Web site: Christian Scott aTunde Adjuah audaciously pushes limits of jazz trumpet .
  50. Web site: Bent Bell Jazz Trumpet – Chief Xian aTunde Adjuah *WOW . .
  51. Web site: Christian Scott's Trumpet Gear . March 29, 2016 .
  52. Web site: Yawn . Andrew . Grammy-nominated Chief Adjuah aims to 'decolonize music' and has an instrument to do just that. . Tennesseean . 9 July 2023.
  53. Web site: Christian Scott aTunde Adjuah audaciously pushes limits of jazz trumpet .
  54. Web site: Christian Scott aTunde Adjuah brings new instrument and concept to Prospect.5 gala at StudioBE . January 17, 2022 .
  55. Web site: Yawn . Andrew . Grammy-nominated Chief Adjuah aims to 'decolonize music' and has an instrument to do just that. . Tennesseean . 9 July 2023.
  56. Web site:
    1. teamEBONY
    . 2014-05-30 . [BLACK WEDDING STYLE]A Beautiful 'Black Indian' Celebration of Love ]. 2023-07-27 . Ebony . en-US.
  57. Web site: Brady . Shaun (as told to) . Songs of Protest & Healing: Christian Scott aTunde Adjuah on 'Shallow Water' . Tidal Magazine . August 4, 2020 . 12 July 2023.
  58. News: Langenhennig . Susan . A tribute to the big chief: Donald Harrison Sr.'s family turn their yard into a Mardi Gras Indian cultural center . 10 July 2023 . New Orleans Times-Picayune . 2015.
  59. http://files.usgwarchives.net/la/orleans/newspapers/00000367.txt Donald Harrison Sr., Mardi Gras Indian
  60. Web site: Guardians of the Flame (Group) | Amistad Research Center .
  61. News: Langenhennig . Susan . A tribute to the big chief: Donald Harrison Sr.'s family turn their yard into a Mardi Gras Indian cultural center . 10 July 2023 . New Orleans Times-Picayune . 2015.
  62. Book: Kennedy . Al . Big Chief Harrison and the Mardi Gras Indians . 2010 . Pelican . New Orleans . 42.
  63. News: Hines . Geoffrey . Creating new jazz that is a reflection of life . 12 July 2023 . Houston Chronicle . July 23, 2020.
  64. Book: Kennedy . Al . Big Chief Harrison and the Mardi Gras Indians . 2010 . Pelican . New Orleans . 382.
  65. Book: Spielman . David . When Not Performing . 2012 . Pelican . New Orleans . 9781455617562 . 136 .
  66. News: Effinger . Shannon . Christian Scott aTunde Adjuah was one of the last musicians to perform in a New York club. The resulting album could win him a Grammy. . 9 July 2023 . Washington Post. https://web.archive.org/web/20221206035541/https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/music/christian-scott-atunde-adjuah-was-one-of-the-last-musicians-to-perform-in-a-new-york-club-the-resulting-album-could-win-him-a-grammy/2021/03/11/3a3a6300-803d-11eb-81db-b02f0398f49a_story.html . December 6, 2022 .
  67. Web site: 2023-06-29 . Chief Xian aTunde Adjuah (formerly Christian Scott) Named Grand Griot of the New Orleans Maafa Commemoration – OffBeat Magazine . 2023-07-23 . www.offbeat.com . en-US.
  68. Web site: 2023-06-22 . Chief Xian aTunde Adjuah & Joshua Myers Hammer Museum . 2023-07-23 . hammer.ucla.edu . en.
  69. Web site: 2021-07-03 . 2021 Maafa Commemoration — Polyrhythmic: Movement of Our People . 2023-07-23 . Ashé Cultural Arts Center . en-US.
  70. Web site: writer . VICTOR ANDREWS Staff . 2021-06-29 . Observance on Saturday to remember tragedy of slave trade with speakers, performances . 2023-07-23 . NOLA.com . en.
  71. Web site: The Stretch Music of Trumpter Christian Scott aTunde Adjuah . WNYC Soundcheck . 10 July 2023.
  72. Book: U.S. Office of Geography . Ghana; Official Standard Names Gazetter . 1867 . Office of Geography, U.S. Dept of the Interior . Washington, D.C. . 14, 58 . 12 July 2023.
  73. News: Himes . Geoffrey . Creating new jazz that is a reflection of life . 12 July 2023 . Houston Chronicle . 14 September 2012.
  74. Web site: Russonello . Giovanni . INTERVIEW CHRISTIAN ATUNDE ADJUAH, A.K.A. CHRISTIAN SCOTT: "IT HAS TO SOUND LIKE STRUGGLE" . CaptalBop . August 15, 2012 . 9 July 2023.
  75. Web site: Jones . Abby . Chief Xian aTunde Adjuah (fka Christian Scott) Announces New Album, Shares "Xodokan Iko – Hu Na Ney": Stream . Consequence of Sound . June 16, 2023 . 9 July 2023.
  76. Web site: Passion Play . IMDB . 10 July 2023.
  77. Web site: Articulate — Season 2 Promotion. Articulateshow.org. March 3, 2020. April 6, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190406120838/https://www.articulateshow.org/press/season-2. dead.
  78. Web site: Samaria . IMDB . 10 July 2023.
  79. Web site: The Photograph (2020): Christian Scott aTunde Adjuah: Trumpet Player . IMDB . 11 July 2023.
  80. Web site: In the Making . PBS Thirteen . 10 July 2023.
  81. Web site: Christian Scott aTunde Adjuah: The New Chief . IMDB . 10 July 2023.
  82. Web site: GREAT SCOTT! Jazz FM awards nominee, trumpeter CHRISTIAN SCOTT, talks to SJF… – Soul and Jazz and Funk . 2023-05-01 . www.soulandjazzandfunk.com.
  83. Web site: Jazz . All About . 2007-07-06 . Christian Scott: Rewind That album review @ All About Jazz . 2023-05-01 . All About Jazz . en.
  84. Web site: Jazz . All About . 2007-10-29 . Christian Scott: Anthem album review @ All About Jazz . 2023-05-01 . All About Jazz . en.
  85. Web site: Jazz . All About . 2008-11-18 . Christian Scott: Christian Scott: Live at Newport album review @ All About Jazz . 2023-05-01 . All About Jazz . en.
  86. Web site: Jazz . All About . 2010-01-25 . Christian Scott: Yesterday You Said Tomorrow album review @ All About Jazz . 2023-05-01 . All About Jazz . en.
  87. Web site: 2011-03-10 . The Ninety Miles Project featuring Stefon Harris, David Sanchez and Christian Scott – Nextbop . 2023-05-01 . nextbop.com . en-US.
  88. Web site: West . Michael J. . Ninety Miles Live at Cubadisco: Stefon Harris/David Sánchez/Christian Scott . 2023-05-01 . JazzTimes . April 25, 2019 . en-US.
  89. Web site: Jazz . All About . 2012-06-11 . Christian Scott: Christian Scott: aTunde Adjuah album review @ All About Jazz . 2023-05-01 . All About Jazz . en.
  90. Web site: Christian Scott aTunde Adjuah: Stretch Music . 2023-05-01 . Pitchfork . en-US.
  91. Web site: Christian Scott aTunde Adjuah, "Diaspora" . 2023-05-01 . FLOOD . en.
  92. Web site: Christian Scott aTunde Adjuah: The Centennial Trilogy . 2023-05-01 . Pitchfork . October 21, 2017 . en.
  93. Web site: Christian Scott Announces "The Reckoning," New Album. Okayplayer.com. March 8, 2017. January 29, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180129004259/http://www.okayplayer.com/news/christian-scott-announces-the-centennial-trilogy-series-the-reckoning.html. dead.
  94. Web site: Christian Scott aTunde Adjuah: Ancestral Recall . 2023-05-01 . Pitchfork . en-US.
  95. Web site: Chief Christian Scott Atunde Adjuah Releases Live Album Axiom With Septet Recorded in March 2020 . glidemagazine.com. August 31, 2020 .
  96. Web site: Christian Scott: Bark Out Thunder Roar Out Lightning . Jazz Music Archives . July 27, 2023.
  97. Web site: Jazz . All About . 2010-03-09 . Christian Scott: Breaking Boundaries, Crossing Lines article @ All About Jazz . 2023-05-01 . All About Jazz . en.
  98. Web site: Christian Scott aTunde Adjuah looks back from jazz's future . 2023-05-01 . The FADER . en.
  99. Web site: 2019-09-20 . Earth, Wind & Fire's Philip Bailey Talks About the Political Themes on His Latest Album, 'Love Will Find a Way' – Okayplayer . 2023-05-01 . www.okayplayer.com . en-US.
  100. Web site: Soergel . Brian . David Benoit: Jazz for Peanuts: A Retrospective of the Charlie Brown Television Themes . 2023-05-01 . JazzTimes . April 25, 2019 . en-US.
  101. Web site: DJ Logic / Jason Miles – Global Noize . 2023-05-01 . www.smooth-jazz.de.
  102. Web site: Soergel . Brian . Boney James: Shine . 2023-05-01 . JazzTimes . April 25, 2019 . en-US.
  103. Web site: D-Money . 2019-11-22 . José James Teams With Ledisi & Christian Scott aTunde Adjuah On 'I Need Your Love' . 2023-05-01 . SoulBounce . en-US.
  104. Mitchell . Gail . 2008-07-30 . Ledisi Proclaims 'It's Christmas' On First Holiday Album . 2023-05-01 . Billboard . en-US.
  105. Web site: Jazz . All About . 2014-05-14 . Harvey Mason: Chameleon album review @ All About Jazz . 2023-05-01 . All About Jazz . en.
  106. News: Fordham . John . 2011-05-12 . Marcus Miller/Christian Scott: Tutu Revisited – review . en-GB . The Guardian . 2023-05-01 . 0261-3077.
  107. Web site: Loudon . Christopher . Melissa Morgan: Until I Met You . 2023-05-01 . JazzTimes . April 25, 2019 . en-US.
  108. Web site: ago . News-8 years . 2015-02-27 . Stream Akua Naru's Endlessly Dope 'The Miner's Canary' LP – Okayplayer . 2023-05-01 . www.okayplayer.com . en-US.
  109. Web site: Jazz . All About . 2017-05-31 . Take Five with Sergio Pamies article @ All About Jazz . 2023-05-01 . All About Jazz . en.
  110. Web site: GetJuke . 2022-07-15 . Prince releases his twenty-ninth album : 'Planet Earth' (2007) . 2023-05-01 . Radio.Video.Music . en-US.
  111. Web site: Jazz . All About . 2018-05-15 . Jazz news: Richard Howell "Coming Of Age – Mangaku" Introducing Elé Salif Howell with Special Guest Christian Scott Atunde Adjuah . 2023-05-01 . All About Jazz . en.

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