Chris Benoit double-murder and suicide explained

Chris Benoit double-murder and suicide
Location:Fayetteville, Georgia, U.S.
Coordinates:33.3935°N -84.5207°W
Date:June 22–24, 2007
Timezone:EDT
Type:Murder–suicide, familicide, uxoricide, filicide, pedicide
Weapons:Strangling cord
Fatalities:3 (including the perpetrator)
Perp:Chris Benoit, aged 40
Motive:Unknown (possibly related to CTE, abuse of steroids, alcohol and emotional issues)

Over a three-day period between June 22 and 24, 2007, Chris Benoit, a 40-year-old Canadian professional wrestler employed by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE), murdered his wife Nancy and their seven-year-old son, Daniel, before hanging himself at their residence in Fayetteville, Georgia, United States. Autopsy results showed that Benoit's wife was murdered first, having died of asphyxiation on the night of June 22.

Daniel, who also died of asphyxia, was killed as he was lying sedated in his bed on the morning of June 23. On the evening of June 24, Benoit died by suicide in his weight room, when he used his lat pulldown machine to hang and killed himself. He placed Bibles near the bodies of his wife and son.[1] [2] Since the tragedy, numerous explanations for Benoit's actions have been proposed, including severe chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE)[3] and steroid and alcohol abuse,[4] leading to a failing marriage and other personal problems.[5] This led to numerous media accounts, and a federal investigation into steroid abuse in professional wrestling.

Events

Murder of Nancy Benoit

See main article: Nancy Benoit. On Friday, June 22, 2007, Chris Benoit killed his wife Nancy in the bonus room of their house in Fayetteville, Georgia, a suburb of Atlanta. According to the police report, Nancy's limbs were bound prior to her death, with her arms being restrained with coaxial cables, and her feet being duct-taped together. A balled-up combination of a tube sock and tape was also found in the kitchen trash and appeared to be soaked in dried blood, which led police to believe that it was being used as a makeshift gag prior to Nancy's death. Her body was found wrapped in a blanket alongside a Bible. Injuries indicated that Benoit had pressed a knee into her back while pulling on a cord around her neck, causing strangulation. Officials said that there were no signs of immediate struggle.[6]

Toxicologists found alcohol in Nancy's body but were unable to determine whether it had been present before death or was a product of decomposition. Decomposition also made it difficult to estimate pre-death levels of hydrocodone and alprazolam, which were found in "therapeutic levels" in her body. In any case, the medical examiner saw no evidence that Nancy was as sedated as her son had been when he was killed.[7]

Murder of Daniel Benoit

Daniel Christopher Benoit (February 25, 2000June 23, 2007) was Chris' third child and second son, having older paternal half-siblings named David (born 1993) and Megan (born 1997) via Chris's first wife, Martina, who were all living in Canada at the time the murder-suicide took place. He was Nancy's only child, as she had no children with her ex-husbands Jim Daus or Kevin Sullivan.

Daniel was suffocated and killed in his bedroom, and another Bible was left by his body.[8] He had internal injuries to the throat area, showing no bruises.[9] Daniel's exact time of death is unknown.[10] The reports determined Daniel was sedated with Xanax and likely unconscious when he was killed.[11] [12] His body had also just started to show signs of decomposition but was not as far along as his mother's body.

It was later alleged that Daniel had the genetic disorder fragile X syndrome and that this was the cause of domestic problems in the Benoit family.[13] It was also suggested that track marks on Daniel's arms were the result of human growth hormone (HGH) injections because Benoit and his family considered him undersized due to his condition.[14] Benoit's coworker and close friend, wrestler Chris Jericho, stated that from his own research on the condition, the symptoms "fit Daniel to a tee, all across the board". Concerning those who had publicly stated that they had no knowledge of Daniel having the condition, Jericho said, "If Chris had decided that he wanted to keep it to himself, you wouldn't have been able to pry that out of him with anything."[15] Despite Jericho's initial statements regarding Daniel, he later stated in his 2011 book Undisputed, "It turned out that Daniel didn't have fragile X, but at the time it made sense because I was grasping at straws."[16]

District Attorney Scott Ballard later released a statement saying that a source with access to Daniel's medical files found no mention of any pre-existing mental or physical ailments. Likewise, Daniel's teachers reported that he was on par with other students and not about to be held back as previously thought.[17] Speaking publicly for the first time in a major public interview on a Talk is Jericho podcast in 2016, Nancy's sister, Sandra Toffoloni, unequivocally denied any claims that Daniel had ever had fragile X or any similar condition. She also stated that claims of needle track marks on Daniel's arms were "preposterous".[18]

After the murders

At about 3:30 p.m. EDT on Saturday, June 23, 2007, fellow wrestler and close friend Chavo Guerrero[19] received a voicemail message from Benoit's phone stating that both Nancy and Daniel had food poisoning and he would be late for that night's house show in Beaumont, Texas. Guerrero called Benoit back and found that Benoit sounded tired and groggy as he confirmed everything that he had said in his voice message. Guerrero, who grew "concerned about Benoit's tone and demeanor", called him back twelve minutes later. Benoit did not answer, and Guererro left a voicemail message asking Benoit to call him back.

At 3:44 p.m. EDT, Benoit called Guerrero back, stating that he had not answered the call because he was on the phone with Delta Air Lines changing his flight. He stated that he had a stressful day due to Nancy and Daniel's purported food poisoning. Guerrero then replied with, "All right man, if you need to talk, I'm here for you". Benoit ended the conversation by saying, "Chavo, I love you". During a 2014 appearance on the Talk is Jericho podcast, Guerrero said Benoit sounded "off" when he talked to him, especially when he said "I love you" with emphasis.[20] Another co-worker who often travelled with Benoit called him from outside the Houston airport; Benoit answered and told the co-worker that Nancy was vomiting blood and that Daniel was also vomiting. Benoit failed to show up for the house show in Beaumont and left a voicemail on Guerrero's cellphone that he would be on a flight that would arrive in Houston at 8:00 a.m. CDT on the following Sunday morning. During this time, Benoit also called and left a voicemail for an unknown friend.

On Sunday, June 24, 2007, five text messages were sent to co-workers between 3:51 a.m. and 3:58 a.m. using both Chris and Nancy's cellphones. Four of them were the Benoits' home address; the fifth said that the family's dogs were in the enclosed pool area and that a garage side door had been left open. Guerrero and WWE referee Scott Armstrong were two of the recipients of these texts. Guerrero was woken up by the texts, and went back to sleep, reasoning that he would ask Benoit about the texts when he picked him up at the Houston airport in a few hours. Benoit failed to show at the Houston airport on the flight that arrived at 8:00 a.m.

Late that morning, Benoit called WWE's talent relations office stating that his son was vomiting, and that he and Nancy were at the hospital with him. He also stated that he would be taking a later flight into Houston where he was scheduled to face CM Punk for the vacant ECW World Championship at the pay-per-view event that night. Benoit failed to appear for the event.[21]

Suicide of Chris Benoit

According to District Attorney Ballard and the county sheriff, Benoit committed suicide by hanging.[10] He removed the bar from a lat pulldown machine in his exercise room and fashioned the end of a cord from the machine into a noose. He then released the weights, causing his strangulation. Ballard said Benoit was found hanging from the pulley cable.[22]

On the 2016 Talk is Jericho podcast, Toffoloni claimed that over the weekend, the search history on Benoit's computer showed he had researched "the quickest and easiest way to break a neck". He had then later used a towel around his neck attached to the handle of the machine, which he pulled down using a very heavy weight and let go, breaking his neck instantly. However, the police report done by Fayette County Sheriff's Office states he showed no damage to his neck area other than that which came from the cable around his neck. It also states the only topic he researched on his computer during that time period was the Prophet Elijah's resurrection of a dead child. No mention of the claims made by Toffoloni were present in the police report, and his autopsy report made no mention of damage to Benoit's cervical vertebrae, hyoid bone, trachea or larynx area, further indicating he didn't snap his neck as a manner of suicide.[23] [24] [25] [26]

Discovery of the bodies

On Monday, June 25, 2007, WWE wrestlers and executives arrived in Corpus Christi for WWE Raw, which was to take place at the American Bank Center. As the early hours of the afternoon progressed and the show got closer to starting, WWE executives were increasingly concerned that they had not heard from Benoit in over twenty-four hours. Guerrero then showed WWE Vice President of Talent Relations John Laurinaitis (a.k.a. Johnny Ace) the texts that he and Armstrong had received from Chris and Nancy's cellphones in the early hours of Sunday. As some more time progressed without any contact from Benoit, WWE called the Fayetteville police department and asked for a welfare check at the Benoit household. After discovering the bodies, the police notified WWE around 4:15 p.m. (CDT), informing them that they had discovered three bodies at the Benoit home and the house was now ruled as a "major crime scene".

A suicide note was not discovered during the initial investigation, but one was later discovered in a Bible that had been among Benoit's possessions that were sent to his first wife Martina and their two children in Canada. Benoit's father Michael stated that Chris had left "a hand-written notation in there saying, 'I'm preparing to leave this Earth.'"[27] [28] However, during a 2020 interview with Chris Van Vliet, Chris's eldest son David stated Chris didn't leave a suicide note and showed no indication that anything was wrong in their conversations prior to the tragedy. He also revealed Chris had planned for him to visit from Canada the week following the murders. [29]

Memorial and cremation

A memorial for Nancy and Daniel took place in Daytona Beach, Florida, on July 14, 2007.[30] Both were cremated and their ashes placed in starfish-shaped urns for Nancy's family.[31] Chris was also cremated,[32] following a private memorial service in Ardrossan, Alberta, on August 6, 2007, but the fate of his ashes has not been publicly revealed.[33]

Possible motives

Neuroscientist and former wrestler Christopher Nowinski argued that Benoit may have been suffering from repeated, untreated concussions throughout his wrestling career, ultimately leading to an unstable mental state. Nowinski was quoted as saying that Benoit "was one of the only guys who would take a chair shot to the back of the head ... which is stupid".[34] Tests conducted on Benoit's brain by Julian Bailes, the head of neurosurgery at West Virginia University (WVU), showed "Benoit's brain was so severely damaged it resembled the brain of an 85-year-old Alzheimer's patient".[35] Other tests conducted on Benoit's brain tissue revealed severe chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE),[36] and damage to all four lobes of the brain and brain stem.[37] Bailes and his colleagues concluded that repeated concussions can lead to dementia, which can contribute to severe behavioural problems. Benoit's father said that brain damage may have been the leading cause of the murder-suicide.[38] A statement released by WWE described the findings as "speculative".[39]

Nancy had filed for divorce in May 2003, allegedly after domestic abuse from Benoit, but had withdrawn it three months later.[40] In February 2008, The Atlanta Journal-Constitution (AJC) reported that Nancy may have suspected her husband of having an affair with a female WWE wrestler, and that they may have also argued over a life insurance policy. The AJC claimed their source was a recently released report from the Fayette County Sheriff's Office.[41]

Responses

World Wrestling Entertainment

The deaths at the Benoit household were first reported to fans of WWE via the company's Mobile Alerts Service and posted to its official website soon after. On its corporate website, the company released the following statement:

After WWE promoter Vince McMahon had gathered the wrestlers together to tell them that Chris, Nancy and Daniel had all died, the company cancelled the scheduled three-hour-long live Monday Night Raw show that had been scheduled for a few hours later (which, coincidentally, was supposed to be a memorial for the Mr. McMahon character, who on the June 11 episode of Monday Night Raw "died" in a limo explosion, with the remainder of the ensuing angle cancelled entirely) that was scheduled to take place at the American Bank Center, and replaced the broadcast version with a tribute to Benoit's life and career, featuring past matches, segments from the Hard Knocks: The Chris Benoit Story DVD, and comments from wrestlers and announcers from the WWE Raw, SmackDown!, and ECW brands. Shortly after the program aired, many of the aired comments were posted on WWE.com. It was not until the last hour of the tribute program that successive reports surfaced that Chris, Nancy and Daniel had all died on different days over the weekend, and that the police were not looking for any other suspects.

The following night, Tuesday, June 26, after details of the murder-suicide became available, WWE aired a recorded statement by McMahon before its ECW broadcast:

On Friday, June 29, before that week's edition of SmackDown!, McMahon released another statement indicating that the related events of the tragedy were not known to WWE at the time. The rest of the statement remained the same as the first one.[42]

After learning about the full details of the murder-suicide, WWE quickly distanced itself from Benoit:

Professional wrestling industry

Numerous individuals in professional wrestling, past and present, commented on the deaths and their aftermath:

CEO) were interviewed (separate and jointly) by various news outlets.[64] Some wrestlers, such as "Dr. Death" Steve Williams wrote posts on their websites and social media pages.[65]

Media

When the news broke about Benoit's death, most mainstream news outlets covered the story, including MSNBC and Fox News.[71] [72] The Benoit incident made the cover of People magazine. ECW Press (which has no affiliation with Extreme Championship Wrestling, a promotion for which Benoit once worked though their initials are the same) announced on July 16 that noted wrestling writer Irvin Muchnick had written a book on the case, due out in 2008.[73] At the Comedy Central Roast of Flavor Flav in August 2007, Jimmy Kimmel joked to honoree Flavor Flav that "Chris Benoit is a better father than Flavor Flav", which drew a shocked response and laughs from the crowd.[74] The show aired less than two months after the incident, but no reference was made to the taping date of the episode in question.

Bill Apter in 2015 speculated the murders were a professional hit.[75]

Government

With Benoit and his death allegedly linked to steroid abuse, WWE underwent investigation by the United States House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform regarding their talent wellness policy.[76] Congress did not take action against either WWE or any other professional wrestling company in the wake of the event. In January 2009, Henry Waxman, outgoing chairman of the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, requested that the Office of National Drug Control Policy chief, John P. Walters, "examine steroid use in professional wrestling and take appropriate steps to address this problem." In the letter, Waxman stated, "In the first year of WWE's testing program, which began in March 2006, 40% of wrestlers tested positive for steroids and other drugs, even after being warned in advance that they were going to be tested." He also wrote about how wrestlers who test positive for performance enhancers receive light punishment and afterwards can often participate in wrestling events. The committee investigation also uncovered how easily wrestlers could secure "therapeutic use exemptions" (TUEs, permission to take banned substances for medical reasons) so they could continue performing while using steroids. When Waxman's staff interviewed Tracy Ray, a physician contracted by WWE, Ray claimed there was "shadiness in almost every [TUE] case that I've reviewed."[77]

Chronic traumatic encephalopathy reports

At the time of the murder-suicide, research was being led by forensic neuropathologist Bennet Omalu into chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) in former players of gridiron football. The issue came to the forefront following Omalu's 2002 report on Pro Football Hall of Fame member Mike Webster after the player's death. Subsequent postmortem analyses of the brains of recently deceased National Football League (NFL) players agreed with the report on Webster's death, as each player showed the kind of brain damage previously seen in people with Alzheimer's disease or dementia, as well as in some retired boxers. Benoit's father agreed to have his son's brain analysed by the same neurosurgeons. On September 5, 2007, Julian Bailes, the chief of neurosurgery at West Virginia University, conducted a news conference in New York City to announce the results of Benoit's postmortem brain examination.[78]

In December 2009, nearly thirty months after Benoit's death, Omalu confirmed to ESPN's Outside the Lines that the death of a second WWE wrestler, Andrew Martin (a.k.a. Test), was attributed to CTE. Bailes told ESPN, "When we announced our findings about Chris, some in the media said it was 'roid rage. We said at the time the real finding was that repeated head trauma was the cause. With Andrew Martin as the second case, the WWE and the sport in general have to ask themselves, 'Is this a trend?' The science tells us that jumping off ten-foot ladders and slamming people with tables and chairs is simply bad for the brain."[79]

WWE noted the research was new at the time but released the following statement to ESPN for Outside the Lines:

In the decade following the broadcast, postmortem brain research on numerous deceased wrestlers diagnosed findings consistent with CTE. Wrestlers diagnosed in postmortem research include Axl Rotten, Balls Mahoney, Jimmy Snuka, Mr. Fuji and Ron Bass.[80] [81]

In 2013, the NFL and groups representing 18,000 former players agreed to a $765 million settlement compensating players in regards to head injuries, specifically concussions.[82] Influenced by the NFL decision, over sixty professional wrestlers and representatives of deceased wrestlers joined by attorney Konstantine Kyros filed a class-action lawsuit against World Wrestling Entertainment, Inc. The litigation claims the company concealed the risks of injury in wrestling, specifically CTE.[83] United States District Judge Vanessa Lynne Bryant dismissed the lawsuits in September 2018, saying the Benoit tragedy did not cause WWE to recognize a link between CTE and wrestling but stated: "The circumstances surrounding Mr. Benoit's death were so tragic and so horrifying that it would have been reasonable for his fellow wrestlers to follow news developments about him and about CTE, through which they could have deduced that they were at risk of developing CTE and sought medical opinions about risks to their own health."[84] The United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit rejected an appeal in September 2020 and the United States Supreme Court declined to hear the case in April 2021.[85]

Steroids debate

Background

Steroids were found in the Benoit household, leading some media organizations to hypothesize that a steroid-induced rage may have been the cause of Benoit's actions, as some doctors have linked steroid use to uncontrollable anger, among other psychological issues which include paranoia.[71] [86] WWE released a press-statement, challenging the "roid-rage" claims. One part of the statement reads:

Prosecutors in New York investigated the deliveries Benoit received from Signature Pharmacy and MedXLife.com, which sold steroids and HGH over the internet.[87] Terence Kindlon, the lawyer for MedXLife co-owner Gary Brandwein, denied allegations that his client's company sold steroids to Benoit. Brandwein pleaded not guilty to six counts in New York state court related to the criminal sale of a controlled substance.[88] According to a report from Sports Illustrated, three packages sent to Benoit were from Signature Pharmacy, with the first one in December 2005 to San Antonio, Texas. The second package was sent on February 13, 2006, to an address in Peachtree City, Georgia, and the third was sent in July 2006 to Fort Walton Beach, Florida.[89] This followed eleven wrestlers that were named in a Sports Illustrated steroids investigation that began March 2007, which included Angle, Eddie Guerrero, Oscar Guttierez (a.k.a. Rey Mysterio, Jr.), Adam Copeland (a.k.a. Edge) and Gregory Helms, with Copeland receiving a high amount of steroids.[90]

WWE attorney Jerry McDevitt stated that "they believe the facts of this crime do not support the hypothesis that 'roid rage' played a role in the murders", citing evidence of premeditation in addition to the lack of a toxicology report, and the fact that the steroids found within Benoit's home were legally prescribed.[91] [92] Gary I. Wadler, a former official in the World Anti-Doping Agency, agreed with McDevitt's statement, saying that "that was a premeditated act and that's not rage".[93] Investigators seized both Benoit and Nancy's medical records, as well as records belonging to Mark Jindrak, Hardcore Holly (Robert Howard), Lex Luger, Rey Mysterio, Jr., Buff Bagwell (Marcus Bagwell) and Johnny Grunge (Mike Durham), all of whom were patients of Benoit's doctor, Phil Astin.[94] [95] [96]

Toxicology results

At the press conference held by the Georgia Bureau of Investigation (GBI) on July 17, 2007, it was announced that three different drugs were found in Nancy's system: hydromorphone, hydrocodone and Xanax. All three drugs were found to be at levels investigators considered normal for therapeutic treatment (as opposed to recreational use or abuse). A blood-alcohol level was found to be 0.184. Kris Sperry, the medical examiner, added it was impossible to say whether any of the blood findings were due to ingestion of alcohol or the post-mortem process. It was also ruled out that Nancy was sedated by Benoit before she was murdered.[97]

Xanax was also found in Daniel's system. District Attorney Ballard noted this was not a drug that would be given to a child under normal circumstances. It was believed that Daniel was sedated before being murdered, with Sperry ruling out that he had died of a drug overdose.[97] The GBI, however, said in the press conference that it could not perform tests for steroids or HGH on Daniel because of a lack of urine.[98]

Xanax and hydrocodone were also found in Benoit's system, at levels investigators called consistent with therapeutic use. Elevated levels of the synthetic anabolic steroid testosterone cypionate were found in his urine; investigators believed that the level found suggested it had been taken recently. While testosterone cypionate was found in his urine, there was no evidence of gamma hydroxybutyrate contrary to speculation.[97] Benoit also tested negative for blood alcohol.[99] [100]

Drug charges against Benoit's doctor

Phil Astin's attorney, Manny Arora,[101] asked a judge to throw out evidence seized during a raid on Astin's office after the murder-suicide. He claimed the search exceeded authority granted in a search warrant and that police seized other patients' records and three years of bank and computer records.[102] According to the Associated Press in February 2008, Astin was charged with overprescribing medication in a case not connected to Benoit.[103] On January 29, 2009, Astin admitted he illegally prescribed drugs, sometimes without examining the patients first, and pleaded guilty to all 175 counts against him. He was sentenced to ten years in prison.[104]

Wikipedia controversy

A statement regarding Nancy's death was added to the Chris Benoit English Wikipedia article fourteen hours before police discovered the bodies of Benoit and his family. This seemingly prescient addition was initially reported on Wikinews and later on Fox News. The article originally read: "Chris Benoit was replaced by Johnny Nitro for the ECW World Championship match at Vengeance, as Benoit was not there due to personal issues, stemming from the death of his wife Nancy." The phrase "stemming from the death of his wife Nancy" was added at 4:01 a.m. EDT on June 25, whereas the Fayette County police reportedly discovered the bodies of the Benoit family at 2:30 p.m. EDT (10 hours, 29 minutes later). The IP address of the editor was traced to Stamford, Connecticut, which at the time was also the location of WWE headquarters.[105] After news of the early death notice reached mainstream media, the anonymous poster accessed Wikinews to explain his edit as a "huge coincidence and nothing more."[106] [107]

The poster responsible for the edit was later identified as Matthew Greenberg, a then 19-year-old student at University of Connecticut in Storrs.[108] Police detectives "seized computer equipment from the man held responsible for the postings" and called the posting an "unbelievable hindrance" to their investigation, but believed Greenberg was otherwise uninvolved, declining to press charges.[109] [110] Greenberg had found several rumors online,[111] which supported his theory about the Benoit "family emergency" as reported in wrestling news. The IP from which he made the edit was tentatively traced to vandalizing other Wikipedia entries.[112]

Aftermath and legacy

In the years following the murder-suicide, it continued to be referred to in the media. The Great American Bash pay-per-view on July 20, 2008, was the last WWE pay-per-view with a TV-14 rating; WWE immediately thereafter adopted their current TV-PG rating, which resulted in a noticeable toning down of edgy content in its broadcasts. Within a few months, blood was severely toned down, which returned WWE's product to its pre-1997 rule on prohibiting deliberate blading in matches.

The removal of Benoit from WWE media was extensive, with the organization immediately opting to remove any and all references to the wrestler in all of their media. This also included significant matches with Benoit's involvement, from pay-per-views including main events. In recent years, WWE has softened its policy and matches he participated in began to appear on the WWE Network not long after its launch. Despite this, Benoit's name would not appear in any descriptions of the event and searching with his name would yield no results. WWE has also mentioned his name in lists regarding the lineages of titles that he also held, though with no links or biographical information present for Benoit's reigns.[113] WWE would take similar actions with other wrestlers in later years, notably with Jimmy Snuka for his 2015 arrest regarding the death of Nancy Argentino,[114] and Hulk Hogan following the release of a tape that included Hogan making racist comments (see Bollea v. Gawker). As both men were members of the WWE Hall of Fame, the company would remove them from the hall.[115] Journalists and fans compared their removals to the scale of Benoit's, though Snuka and Hogan would eventually have these actions reversed and both would be reinstated into the hall, with Hogan being inducted a second time for his work with the nWo in 2020.[116]

There have been discussions about whether or not Benoit himself would ever be inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame. Steve Austin predicted that Benoit, although important to the business, would never be inducted due to his actions.[117] Jericho also stated that Benoit should never be in the hall.[118] Benoit's eldest son David, however, believes that his father someday will be inducted.[119] Vickie Guerrero, widow of Benoit's best friend and Hall of Famer Eddie Guerrero, has also approved of Benoit being inducted into the hall.[120] Some journalists, fans and wrestlers, including Hall of Famer Mick Foley, have advocated for the inclusion of Nancy into the Hall of Fame for her work in WCW and ECW as a valet and manager.[121] [122]

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Wrestler Chris Benoit Double Murder-Suicide: Was It 'Rump Rage'? . Foxnews.com . June 27, 2007 . October 21, 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20070628221021/http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,286834,00.html . June 28, 2007 . dead .
  2. Web site: Sherwood . Roxanna . Benoit's Dad, Doctors: Multiple Concussions Could Be Connected to Murder-Suicide . Abcnews.go.com . September 5, 2007 . October 21, 2011.
  3. Web site: Benoit's Brain Showed Severe Damage From Multiple Concussions, Doctor and Dad Say . Abcnews.go.com . September 5, 2007 . October 21, 2011.
  4. News: Wrestler Chris Benoit Used Steroid Testosterone; Son Sedated Before Murders . Fox News . July 17, 2007 . November 13, 2009 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090904025150/http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,289649,00.html . September 4, 2009 . dead . mdy-all .
  5. Web site: Police Report: Chris Benoit Thought His Marriage Was Failing; Nancy Scared . www.wsbtv.com . October 21, 2011 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110829064034/http://www.wsbtv.com/news/15281734/detail.html . August 29, 2011 .
  6. News: Officials: Wrestler Strangled Wife, Suffocated Son, Hanged Self. Blane Bachelor. Fox News Channel. May 21, 2008. June 25, 2007. https://web.archive.org/web/20070628215421/http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,286737,00.html. June 28, 2007. dead.
  7. Web site: Toxicology Results Of Chris, Nancy, & Daniel Benoit Revealed. Wrestling News World. June 23, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130927133317/http://www.wrestlingnewsworld.com/wwe-news/b_live_coverage_benoit_toxicology_results_press_conference_b.php. September 27, 2013. dead.
  8. Web site: Police: Benoit killed wife, son, left Bibles by their bodies . June 29, 2007 . https://web.archive.org/web/20070629211435/http://www.ajc.com/metro/content/metro/fayette/stories/2007/06/25/0625benoit.html . SAEED AHMED . KATHY JEFCOATS . S.A. REID . The Atlanta Journal-Constitution . June 25, 2007 . dead .
  9. Web site: Chokehold may have killed Benoit's son . Kevin Duffy . The Atlanta Journal-Constitution . WrestlingDotCom . May 21, 2008 . June 27, 2007 . https://web.archive.org/web/20080515084925/http://www.wrestlingdotcom.com/almanac/detailed-report-on-the-death-of-the-beniot-family/ . May 15, 2008.
  10. News: Authorities Confirm Chris Benoit Murdered Wife and Son . David Lohr . CrimeLibrary.com . May 21, 2008 . June 25, 2007 . https://web.archive.org/web/20080417023522/http://www.crimelibrary.com/news/original/0607/2701_chris_benoit.html . April 17, 2008.
  11. News: Chris Benoit Had Steroids, Other Drugs in His System at Time of Murder-Suicide . https://web.archive.org/web/20070815232107/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1564953/20070717/index.jhtml . dead . August 15, 2007 . Montgomery . James . July 17, 2007 . . . April 4, 2009 . The reports also determine that Benoit's 7-year-old son, Daniel, was sedated with Xanax when he was killed..
  12. News: Official: Chris Benoit's Son Was Sedated When Killed . Sutton . Larry . July 17, 2007 . . April 4, 2009 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20070822115930/http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20046857,00.html . August 22, 2007.
  13. News: Police: Benoit killed wife, son, left Bibles by their bodies . The Atlanta Journal-Constitution . June 25, 2007 . May 21, 2008 . https://web.archive.org/web/20070709161213/http://www.ajc.com/metro/content/metro/fayette/stories/2007/06/25/0625benoit.html. July 9, 2007 .
  14. News: Steroids discovered in probe of slayings, suicide . ESPN . Mike Fish . June 27, 2007 . May 21, 2008.
  15. Nancy Grace. Nancy Grace. CNN. June 28, 2007.
  16. Chapter 46 Benoit. Chris Jericho – Undisputed: How to Become the World Champion in 1,372 Easy Steps. September 9, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20121108084050/http://www.scribd.com/doc/51894120/46/CHAPTER-46-Benoit. November 8, 2012. dead. mdy-all.
  17. News: Prosecutor disputes WWE's assertion that son had mental retardation . ESPN . July 3, 2007 . Associated Press . May 21, 2008.
  18. Web site: Jericho. Chris. Inside The Benoit Family Tragedy on Talk Is Jericho - EP259. podcastone.com. PodcastOne. June 25, 2016. June 22, 2016.
  19. News: Benoit News: Chavo Guerrero on Van Susteren, talks of communication with Benoit . Wade. Keller. Wade Keller. Pro Wrestling Torch . July 18, 2007.
  20. Chris Jericho . Talk is Jericho . Podbay . Fancy Soups . February 7, 2014 . 00:30:19. August 24, 2021.
  21. News: Chris Benoit Timeline. . . May 21, 2008 . June 27, 2007. dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20070630164105/http://www.nydailynews.com/news/2007/06/27/2007-06-27_chris_benoit_timeline-2.html . June 30, 2007.
  22. News: June 27, 2007 . Officials: Wrestler Strangled Wife, Suffocated Son, Hanged Self . en-US . January 17, 2018.
  23. After the initial view of the Elijah Wikipedia page, the computer returned to the preset homepage of FoxNews.com at 3:51pm. Once returning to the Elijah Wikipedia page at 4:02pm, there was no further internet history
  24. Det. Shelton located the last internet history found on the drive which was on June 23, 2007, at 4:02pm. The webpage viewed was on Wikepedia.com and contained information on the prophet Elijah.
  25. In Dr. Eisenstat's opinion, Benoit died as a result of hanging himself. Dr. Eisenstat noted that the lack of significant trauma, along with the furrow around Benoit's neck, supports the manner of death as a suicide
  26. Web site: Chris Benoit Autopsy Report . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230209204420/http://www.autopsyfiles.org/reports/Celebs/benoit,%20chris_report.pdf . February 9, 2023 . Autopsyfiles.org . February 25, 2023.
  27. News: October 16, 2010 . Chris Benoit's father: Murderous rampage resulted from brain damage, not steroids . The Atlanta Journal-Constitution . February 16, 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120801095750/http://www.ajc.com/news/chris-benoits-father-murderous-683532.html . August 1, 2012.
  28. News: New information comes out about Chris Benoit and his murder-suicide. Cageside Seats. December 22, 2010. February 16, 2011.
  29. Web site: Chris Benoit's son David opens up about tragedy, training to be a wrestler, Hall of Fame, AEW . YouTube. January 14, 2020 .
  30. Web site: Service held for Nancy and Daniel Benoit. SLAM! Wrestling. August 7, 2007. July 14, 2007 . usurped. https://archive.today/20070716175020/http://slam.canoe.ca/Slam/Wrestling/Benoit/2007/07/14/4339722-ap.html . July 16, 2007.
  31. Web site: Benoit's wife and son mourned as many questions persist. .
  32. Web site: Wips.com . Pwresource.com . May 14, 2012 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20071122110652/http://www.pwresource.com:80/495.php/2007/08/06/chris-benoit-s-body-cremated-details.html . November 22, 2007 .
  33. News: Benoit to be buried separately from wife, son. The Atlanta Journal-Constitution.
  34. News: Wrestler Killed Wife and Son, Then Himself . Brenda Goodman . The New York Times . May 21, 2008 . June 26, 2007.
  35. Web site: Benoit's Brain Showed Severe Damage From Multiple Concussions, Doctor and Dad Say . ABC News . September 5, 2007 . September 5, 2007.
  36. Web site: Wrestler Chris Benoit Brain's Forensic Exam Consistent With Numerous Brain Injuries . Science Daily . September 6, 2007 . May 1, 2008 .
  37. Web site: Benoit's Brain Showed Severe Damage From Multiple Concussions, Doctor and Dad Say . . . September 5, 2007 . May 1, 2008.
  38. Web site: Brain Study: Concussions Caused Benoit's Rage . WSB Atlanta . September 5, 2007 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20071116191052/http://www.wsbtv.com/news/14047066/detail.html . November 16, 2007 .
  39. News: Doctor: Wrestler Benoit had 'shocking' brain damage . USA Today . Jon Swartz . May 21, 2008 . September 5, 2007.
  40. Web site: Benoit Divorce Papers . October 21, 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20070627232104/http://www.aolcdn.com/tmz_documents/0626_benoit_dismiss.pdf . June 27, 2007 . dead .
  41. News: Benoit's wife may have been planning to leave him . . John . Hollis . February 15, 2008 . May 21, 2008 . December 4, 2008 . https://web.archive.org/web/20081204171453/http://www.ajc.com/metro/content/metro/fayette/stories/2008/02/15/benoit_0217.html . dead .
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  43. Web site: World Wrestling Entertainment Issues Statement . WWE Corporate . May 21, 2008 . July 17, 2007 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20080516085626/http://corporate.wwe.com/news/2007/2007_07_17.jsp . May 16, 2008 .
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  45. Web site: Amazon.com: Rabid: WWE & Jim Johnston: MP3 Downloads. amazon.com.
  46. Jereme Warneck has strong opinions regarding aspects of Smackdown Vs. Raw 2008 . Wrestling Observer Newsletter . Jereme . Warneck . May 21, 2008 . December 13, 2007.
  47. Web site: Benoit Edited Off Of WWE 24/7, Heated Warrior Interview, Lance Storm . July 8, 2007 . PWPix.net . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20070707134413/http://www.pwpix.net/headlines/185532428.php . July 7, 2007 .
  48. Web site: CM Punk Trying To Get Colt Cabana A Job With WWE, Rock Loses Money On Mansion, Chris Benoit. WrestlingInc.com. June 20, 2013 .
  49. Web site: WWE NEWS: Ross returns to TV on ESPN, Benoit/WWE Network update, top indie tag team turned down? . Pro Wrestling Torch . James . Caldwell . January 3, 2014 . January 7, 2013.
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  51. News: Chattman . John . A-Sides With Jon Chattman: Our Lady Peace Throws a Curve, Discusses the Late Chris Benoit . August 24, 2019 . The Huffington Post . April 12, 2012.
  52. Web site: Chris Benoit accidentally shown on WWE RAW. August 25, 2020. May 11, 2021. May 11, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210511090135/https://prowrestlingrecord.com/2020/08/25/chris-benoit-accidentally-shown-on-wwe-raw/. dead.
  53. News: Hulk Hogan talks to US About the Killer Wrestler . Us Weekly . July 3, 2007 . May 21, 2008 . https://web.archive.org/web/20080324151143/http://www.usmagazine.com/hulk_hogan_talks_to_i_us_i_about_the_killer_wrestler . March 24, 2008.
  54. News: Steroids not at root of Benoit's problem: Hart . The Toronto Star . June 28, 2007.
  55. News: Brian . Linder . Angle: Tragedy shows need to step back, take a look . TMZ.com . July 15, 2007 . May 21, 2008.
  56. Web site: Wrestlers Open Up About Benoit Tragedy . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20221126233010/https://slamwrestling.net/index.php/2007/06/28/wrestlers-open-up-about-benoit-tragedy/ . November 26, 2022 . Slam Wrestling . Clevett . Jason . June 28, 2007 . February 14, 2023.
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  58. News: Scott . Maxwell . Ex-wrestler boils about WWE pressure-cooker . https://web.archive.org/web/20070712171706/http://www.orlandosentinel.com/news/local/state/orl-maxwell2807jun28%2C0%2C6820570.column?coll=orl_news_local_state_util . July 12, 2007 . OrlandoSentinel.com . June 28, 2007 . May 21, 2008 . Orlando Sentinel . dead .
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  64. Transcript: News: McMahons: WWE not to blame for Benoit's actions . November 7, 2007 . CNN. May 21, 2008. The interview was conducted by Drew Griffin.
  65. Web site: Come Get You Some Tough Guy ! . www.oklastamped.com . May 15, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20080705070906/http://www.oklastamped.com/index2.htm . July 5, 2008 . dead.
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  67. Web site: Is WWE trying to erase Chris Benoit from history?. https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/Z_hlPHdGKqE . December 21, 2021 . live. July 15, 2012. YouTube.
  68. Sean "X-Pac" Waltman. September 13, 2015. The Ross Report. PodcastOne. December 9, 2014. 43. 50.
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  72. News: Cops Suspect Murder-Suicide in Killings of Pro Wrestler Chris Benoit and His Family . Associated Press . Fox News Channel . June 26, 2007 . May 21, 2008 . https://web.archive.org/web/20080423223026/http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,286673,00.html . April 23, 2008 . dead .
  73. News: Irvin . Muchnick . Chris and Nancy Story of Benoit Murder-Suicide . ECW News . July 16, 2007 . May 21, 2008.
  74. Comedy Central Roast of Flavor Flav . . . August 12, 2007 . 5 . 90 .
  75. Web site: Chris Benoit Murder-Suicide A "Professional" Hit? Journalist Bill Apter Thinks That May Have Been The Case. news.yahoo.com. October 8, 2015 .
  76. News: Congress wants WWE's info on steroids, doping . https://web.archive.org/web/20071117012701/http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/20002071/ . dead . November 17, 2007 . Associated Press . MSNBC . July 28, 2007 . May 21, 2008.
  77. News: Congress needles wrestling . New York . Daily News . Christian . Red . January 2, 2009 . July 14, 2009 . June 22, 2009 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090622020723/http://www.nydailynews.com/sports/more_sports/2009/01/02/2009-01-02_congress_needles_wrestling.html . dead .
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  81. News: . July 19, 2016 . July 20, 2016 . Sam . Machkovech . 53 wrestlers file class-action civil suit against WWE over concussions, CTE .
  82. Web site: NFL, ex-players agree to $765M settlement in concussions suit . NFL.COM . NFL Communications . March 26, 2024 . NFLConcussion.
  83. Web site: WWE sued in wrestler class action lawsuit featuring Jimmy 'Superfly' Snuka, Paul 'Mr Wonderful' Orndorff. FoxSports.com. July 18, 2015. July 20, 2016. Fox Entertainment Group (21st Century Fox).
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  85. Web site: Supreme Court declines to hear wrestlers' brain damage cases. Collins. Dave. . July 14, 2021. April 26, 2021.
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  88. News: Steroids probe widens as more are charged. Hill. Michael. March 5, 2007. USA Today. Associated Press. April 5, 2009.
  89. WWE downplays drug factor . Luis Fernando Llosa . L. Jon Wertheim . Sports Illustrated.com . June 26, 2007 . May 21, 2008 . January 9, 2008 . https://web.archive.org/web/20080109031008/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2007/more/06/26/benoitcase/ . dead .
  90. Wrestlers allegedly tied to drug ring . Sports Illustrated . Luis Fernando Llosa . L. Jon Wertheim . May 21, 2008 . March 19, 2007 . July 25, 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130725025224/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2007/more/03/19/wrestlers/index.html . dead .
  91. Web site: WWE Shocked At Latest Developments In Benoit Tragedy, Concerned By Sensationalistic Reporting . WWE Corporate . May 21, 2008 . June 26, 2007 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20080516082539/http://corporate.wwe.com/news/2007/2007_06_26.jsp . May 16, 2008 .
  92. News: Drug Agents Raid Offices of Pro Wrestler Chris Benoit's Personal Physician . . June 28, 2007 . May 21, 2008 . https://web.archive.org/web/20070630131234/http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,287183,00.html . June 30, 2007 . dead .
  93. News: Kevin . Duffy . Control issues cited instead of 'roid rage' in Benoit killings . The Atlanta Journal-Constitution . July 3, 2007 . https://web.archive.org/web/20070706010728/http://www.ajc.com/metro/content/metro/fayette/stories/2007/07/02/0703domestic.html . July 6, 2007.
  94. News: Beyond Benoit: More Wrestlers Tied to Doc. Schoetz. David. July 12, 2007. ABC News. April 4, 2009.
  95. News: Separate Funerals Set for Wrestler Benoit and Family. July 13, 2007. CNN International. CNN Transcripts. April 4, 2009.
  96. News: Nation in Brief. July 12, 2007. The Washington Post. April 4, 2009. A sheriff's official previously said that [Phil] Astin is also being investigated in the February 2006 death of another wrestler, Michael Durham..
  97. News: GBI: Benoit, family had drugs in bodies . Greg Bluestein . The Atlanta Journal-Constitution . July 17, 2007 . May 21, 2008 .
  98. News: Steroids, other drugs found in Benoit's body . MSNBC . July 17, 2007 . https://web.archive.org/web/20070809015222/http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/19810373/?GT1=10150 . dead . August 9, 2007 . May 21, 2008.
  99. News: Wrestler's slain son was probably sedated, investigators say . Associated Press . CNN . July 17, 2007 . July 16, 2018 .
  100. Web site: Steroid found in Benoit's body . Slam! Sports . . July 17, 2007 . May 21, 2008. usurped . https://archive.today/20090624060455/http://slam.canoe.ca/Slam/Wrestling/Benoit/2007/07/17/4346517-ap.html. June 24, 2009.
  101. Web site: Lawyer suggests Chris Benoit had hormone disorder. CTV News. Associated Press. August 20, 2007. May 3, 2023.
  102. This comes from the Wrestling Observer, a newsletter dedicated to professional wrestling.
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  106. Web site: Difference between revisions of "Talk:Death of Nancy Benoit rumour posted on Wikipedia hours prior to body being found" - Wikinews, the free news source. en.wikinews.org.
  107. News: User admits 'death' editing on Wikipedia 14 hours before bodies found . . June 28, 2007 . May 21, 2008 . https://web.archive.org/web/20070701151453/http://www.ajc.com/metro/content/metro/fayette/stories/2007/06/28/0628wiki.html . July 1, 2007 . dead .
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  113. "Former WWE VOD reveals the directive when it came to removing links to Chris Benoit" https://www.sportskeeda.com/amp/wwe/news-former-wwe-vod-reveals-directive-came-removing-links-chris-benoit
  114. Web site: 'Superfly' Jimmy Snuka Has Been Removed from the WWE Hall of Fame and Website . September 3, 2015 .
  115. Web site: 3 Superstars WWE removed from its website, and 2 that were erased from the Hall of Fame . August 12, 2020 .
  116. Web site: Hulk Hogan reinstated into WWE Hall of Fame following 2015 suspension . July 15, 2018 .
  117. Web site: Stone Cold Steve Austin Shares His Thoughts on Why Chris Benoit Will Never be in the WWE Hall of Fame. 411mania.com. December 21, 2013 .
  118. Web site: Chris Jericho responds to Chris Benoit Hall of Fame question. October 16, 2014.
  119. Web site: David Benoit has revealed when WWE Will Induct Chris Benoit Into the WWE Hall of Fame. March 8, 2021.
  120. Web site: Vickie Guerrero Says She Wants To See Chris Benoit In The WWE Hall Of Fame. Louis. Dangoor. April 26, 2019.
  121. Web site: Mick Foley Shares His Take on Nancy Benoit's WWE Hall of Fame Chances . August 29, 2022 .
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  126. Web site: Chris Benoit's Sister-In-Law Comments on 2007 Murder/Suicide and More . yardbarker.com . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20140714184300/http://network.yardbarker.com/all_sports/article_external/chris_benoits_sister_in_law_comments_on_2007_murdersuicide_and_more/13946689/ . July 14, 2014 .
  127. Web site: NANCY BENOIT'S SISTER DISCUSSES THE BENOIT TRAGEDY FOR THE FIRST TIME, SAYS CHRIS BENOIT WAS WITHIN A YEAR OF DYING AT TIME OF BENOIT TRAGEDY. Mike Johnson. July 1, 2013. PWInsider.com. February 15, 2016.
  128. Web site: Chris Benoit's Sister-In-Law Comments on 2007 Murder/Suicide and More. Yardbarker. July 6, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130715042329/http://www.yardbarker.com/all_sports/articles/chris_benoits_sister_in_law_comments_on_2007_murdersuicide_and_more/13946689. July 15, 2013. dead.
  129. Web site: Liev Schreiber To Play Chris Benoit In Crossface Movie. WhatCulture.com. July 11, 2013.
  130. Web site: Chris Benoit's son David opens up about tragedy, training to be a wrestler, Hall of Fame, AEW. https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/HBXZIr6DP-c . December 21, 2021 . live. . January 14, 2020 .
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