| Native Name: | Чорнобильський район Chornobyl Raion |
| Conventional Long Name: | Chernobyl Raion |
| Common Name: | Chornobyl Raion |
| Subdivision: | Raion |
| Nation: | Kyiv Oblast |
| Year Start: | 1923 |
| Event End: | Merged into Ivankiv Raion |
| Year End: | 1988 |
| Date End: | 16 November |
| Life Span: | 1923–1988 |
| P1: | Chernobyl uezd |
| Flag P1: | Flag of None.svg |
| S1: | Ivankiv Raion |
| Flag S1: | Ivankovskii rayon prapor.png |
| Image Map Caption: | Chernobyl Raion on the map of Kyiv Oblast. The exclusion zone is marked as grey. |
| Capital: | Chernobyl |
| Political Subdiv: | 1 municipality 23 rural councils |
| Stat Year1: | 1984[1] |
| Stat Area1: | 2000 |
| Stat Pop1: | 44000 |
| Today: | Vyshhorod Raion |
| Image Map2: | File:Chernobylskyi-Raion (1923-1988).png |
| Image Map2 Caption: | The former Chernobyl Raion (green) was placed under the Ivankiv Raion (yellow). The yellow dot represents the city of Pripyat, autonomous since 1980 |
| P2: | Radomysl uezd |
| Flag P2: | Flag of None.svg |
Chernobyl Raion (Russian: Чернобыльский район|translit=Chernobyl'skiy rayon) or Chornobyl Raion (Ukrainian: Чорнобильський район|translit=Chornobylskyi raion) was a raion in the Soviet Union located in the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic. It was one of 26 administrative raions (districts) of Kyiv Oblast in northern Ukraine. After the Chernobyl disaster, the majority of the raion was contaminated, and many of its populated places were included into the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone, which is an officially designated exclusion area around the site of the disaster.[2]
The Chernobyl Raion was located in the northern portion of Kyiv Oblast, at the time an administrative portion of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic. To the raion's east, it bordered upon the Kyiv Reservoir; to its south, the Vyshhorod Raion; to its southwest, the Ivankiv Raion; and to its west, the Poliske Raion, significant portions of which also suffered due to the Chernobyl disaster.[3]
Today, the territory of the former raion is administratively part of the Vyshhorod Raion[4] (prior to the 2020 reform, it was part of the Ivankiv Raion). Prior to its liquidation, the Chernobyl Raion had an area of 2000km2 and a population of 44,000.[1] The Pripyat River flows through the territory of the former raion before emptying into the Kyiv Reservoir.
The Chernobyl Raion was established in 1923 out of transformation of Radomyslsky County and Chernobyl County (uyezds) which was created in 1919 within the Kyiv Governorate following an administrative reorganization of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic.[5] From its creation in 1923 until 1941, its administrative center was the urban-type settlement of Chernobyl; after 1941, the settlement's status was upgraded to that of a city of district significance.[6] On 16 November 1988, the Chernobyl Raion was liquidated and merged with the Ivankiv Raion based on a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Ukrainian SSR.[5] [7] In 1996, the remaining populated settlements of the Chernobyl Raion that weren't evacuated after the disaster were transferred to the Ivankiv Raion's administration.[8]
Today, most of the district former territory is located in the exclusion zone, where the ChNPP (Chernobyl Nuclear-Power Plant) service personnel live on a shift basis, and 135 (as of October 2017) samosely or "self-settlers"[9] permanently reside. Most of the radionuclides are contained in the upper soil layer. Notwithstanding the foregoing, most places are harmless to humans – there are only about 3–4 MK3V of gamma radiation.[10] On July 17, 2020, the areas of the Poliske Raion and the Ivankiv Raion (thus, the territory of the former Chernobyl Raion), as well as the city of Slavutych, were merged into Vyshhorod Raion as part of the Decentralisation in Ukraine.[11]
Before it was liquidated, the Chernobyl Raion had one city council (miskrada) under its administration (the administrative center Chernobyl), and 23 rural councils (silrada), to which 69 villages were subordinated.[12] There was a total of 70 populated places in the raion.[13]
The city of Pripyat, which was established in 1970 for workers and families of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant, was formerly administratively subordinate to the Chernobyl Raion. In 1980, it was given the status of a city of regional significance, administratively subordinate to the Kyiv Oblast authorities rather than the Chernobyl Raion.[14]
